Personality, emotion and individual differences in response to online fraud
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Empirical studies consistently reported persistent distress, intrusive rumination, and difficulty integrating the experience into coherent self-narratives following fraud victimization.
“The empirical studies summarized in Table 1 consistently reported persistent distress, intrusive rumination, and difficulty integrating the experience into coherent self-narratives following fraud victimization (Norris and Brookes, 2021; Wang et al., 2024; Gauci and Vella, 2025).”
From Mental health and psychosocial sequelae of fraud victimization: a systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Norris and Brookes, 2021
Most existing studies explore risk factors, susceptibility, emotional processes during scam engagement, and compliance mechanisms, rather than post-victimization mental health outcomes.
“most existing studies explore risk factors, susceptibility, emotional processes during scam engagement, and compliance mechanisms, rather than post-victimization mental health outcomes”
From Mental health and psychosocial sequelae of fraud victimization: a systematic review (2026) · cites this paper as Norris and Brookes, 2021
Prior research suggests that emotional arousal increases susceptibility to persuasion and fraud.
“While prior research suggests that emotional arousal increases susceptibility to persuasion and fraud (see Norris and Brookes (2021) for review), there is also research documenting the emotional outcomes of fraud.”
From Profiling consumers who reported mass marketing scams: demographic characteristics and emotional sentiments associated with victimization (2024) · cites this paper as Norris and Brookes 2021
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Wang, J., Zhang, L., Xu, L., & Qian, X. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102231 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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“While prior research suggests that emotional arousal increases susceptibility to persuasion and fraud (see Norris and Brookes (2021) for review), there is also research documenting the emotional outcomes of fraud.”
Mental States: A Key Point in Scam Compliance and Warning Compliance in Real Life
Wen, X., Xu, L., Wang, J., Gao, Y., Shi, J., Zhao, K., Tao, F., & Qian, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148294 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mental health and psychosocial sequelae of fraud victimization: a systematic review
Bai, J., Ho, M.-H., Sung, H.-T., Hung, C.-S., & Tsai, J.-H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1805536 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The empirical studies summarized in Table 1 consistently reported persistent distress, intrusive rumination, and difficulty integrating the experience into coherent self-nar-ratives following fraud victimization (Norris and Brookes, 2021; Wang et al., 2024; Gauci and Vella, 2025).”
- Authors
- Norris, G., & Brookes, A.
- Affiliations
- Aberystwyth University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Norris, Gareth
- ORCID
- Norris, Gareth
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 169
- Pages
- 109847
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3003212614
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 4.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Spam and Phishing Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
- Keywords
- online fraud, scams, emotional decision-making, personality, individual differences, emotional state, mood repair, emotional appeal, fraud susceptibility, security knowledge, deceptive communication
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