Unconscious affective processing and empathy: An investigation of subliminal priming on the detection of painful facial expressions
Abstract
Results from recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that facial expressions of pain trigger empathic mimicry responses in the observer, in the sense of an activation in the pain matrix. However, pain itself also signals a potential threat in the environment and urges individuals to escape or avoid its source. This evolutionarily primitive aspect of pain processing, i.e., avoidance from the threat value of pain, seems to conflict with the emergence of empathic concern, i.e., a motivation to approach toward the other. The present study explored whether the affective values of targets influence the detection of pain at the unconscious level. We found that the detection of pain was facilitated by unconscious negative affective processing rather than by positive affective processing. This suggests that detection of pain is primarily influenced by its inherent threat value, and that empathy and empathic concern may not rely on a simple reflexive resonance as generally thought. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of how fundamental the unconscious detection of pain is to the processes involved in the experience of empathy and sympathy.
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Khatibi, A., Schrooten, M. G. S., Vancleef, L. M. G., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Parental attention to their child's pain is modulated by threat-value of pain.
Vervoort, T., Caes, L., Trost, Z., Notebaert, L., & Goubert, L. (2012) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029292 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The effect of emotional information from eyes on empathy for pain: A subliminal ERP study
Song, J., Wei, Y., & Ke, H. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226211 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
No pain, no social gains: A social-signaling perspective of human pain behaviors
Vigil, J. M. (2014) · World Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.5313/wja.v3.i1.18 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease, Crisis, and Isolation
Roychowdhury, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01958 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Emotion self-regulation and empathy depend upon longer stimulus exposure
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The silent epidemic: exploring the link between loneliness and chronic diseases in China’s elderly
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Mécanismes neurophysiologiques impliqués dans l'empathie et la sympathie
Jean Decety, A. (2010) · Revue de neuropsychologie · doi:10.1684/nrp.2010.0079 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The interaction between pain and attractiveness perception in others
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Recognition of Pain as Another Deficit in Young Males with High Callous-Unemotional Traits
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Do patients with fibromyalgia show abnormal neural responses to the observation of pain in others?
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Mental Simulation of Painful Situations Has an Impact on Posture and Psychophysiological Parameters
Lelard, T., Godefroy, O., Ahmaidi, S., Krystkowiak, P. C., & Mouras, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02012 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yamada, M., & Decety, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- Yamada, Makiko
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 71-75
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085386756
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 23.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- subliminal priming, facial expressions of pain, empathy, empathic concern, pain matrix, emotional value, sympathy, approach-avoidance motivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Attention, Avoidance Learning, Cues, Empathy, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Pain Measurement, Physical Examination, Sensitivity and Specificity, Subliminal Stimulation, Unconscious, Psychology
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