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Cited by 100Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNutritional Studies and DietNeurological diseases and metabolism

Dietary fats, cholesterol and iron as risk factors for Parkinson's disease

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Powers, Karen M., Smith-Weller, Terri, Franklin, Gary M., Longstreth, W.T., Swanson, Phillip D., Checkoway, Harvey·2009·Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.03.002PMC PMC2751763
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Abstract

Background Epidemiologic findings suggest that dietary components may contribute to the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). This population-based case-control study evaluated PD risk and dietary intake of fats, cholesterol and iron. Methods Newly diagnosed case (n=420) and age/gender/ethnicity-matched unrelated controls (n=560) were identified between 1992 and 2006 from the Group Health Cooperative health maintenance organization in western Washington State, and the University of Washington Neurology Clinic. In-person interviews elicited data on food frequency habits during most of adult life. Nutritional intakes were calculated and analyzed, with adjustments made for total energy intake (the 'nutrition density' technique). Results Cholesterol intake in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile was associated with a decreased risk of PD in men (odds ratio (OR)=0.53, 95%CI: 0.33, 0.86). The highest versus the lowest quartile of dietary iron increased PD risk in men (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.99). When the lowest quartile of cholesterol and the highest quartile for iron were compared to the highest quartile of cholesterol and the lowest quartile of iron, no association was seen in women, but for men PD risk was increased (OR=2.70, 95%CI: 1.26, 5.76). Saturated fat intake below the median in combination with iron intake above the median also increased the PD risk (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.11) in both genders combined. Conclusions A low intake of cholesterol, particularly in the presence of high iron, may be associated with an increased risk for PD.

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  • In men, the highest level of iron intake is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease.

    “In men, the highest level of iron intake was associated with increased risk of PD.”

    From Iron, Oxidative Stress and Health (2012) · cites this paper as Powers et al (2009)

  • A combination of low saturated fat intake with high iron is linked to moderate risk of Parkinson's disease in both sexes, with the association being stronger for men.

    “A combination of low saturated fat intake with high iron was linked to moderate risk in both sexes, with the association being stronger for men.”

    From Iron, Oxidative Stress and Health (2012) · cites this paper as Powers et al (2009)

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Authors
Powers, K. M., Smith-Weller, T., Franklin, G. M., Longstreth, W. T., Swanson, P. D., & Checkoway, H.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Checkoway, Harvey
ORCID
Venue
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-01
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
47-52
ISSN
1353-8020 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.03.002
PMC
PMC2751763
OpenAlex
W1974873933
Cited by
100
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • University of Washington
  • National Institutes of Health
  • U.S. Public Health Service (R0110750)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES004696)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, dietary cholesterol
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholesterol, Dietary Fats, Humans, Iron, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies

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