Mechanistic insights regarding the role of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonist drugs on cardiovascular disease in diabetes
Open accessAbstract
The treatment landscape for patients with established or at high risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus has entirely changed over the past decade, with the introduction of several anti-hyperglycemic agents. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are two anti-hyperglycemic classes which have been of special interest after multiple large cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes studies have demonstrated superiority of these agents compared to placebo for major adverse CVD events and in some cases, hospitalization for heart failure. Despite the dramatic results of these trials, only recently have we began to understand the mechanisms underlying these CVD benefits. Here we review the underlying mechanisms which have the greatest plausibility for both of these agents including the impact of ventricular loading conditions, direct effects on cardiac structure and function, myocardial energetics and sodium/hydrogen exchange for SGLT2 inhibitors, and the anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and modulation of endothelial function for GLP-1 agonists.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
GLP-1RAs are predominantly associated with decreased atherosclerosis-mediated events, whereas SGLT2 inhibitors are predominantly associated with heart failure and chronic kidney disease outcomes.
“Specifically, GLP-1RAs are predominantly associated with decreased atherosclerosis-mediated events, whereas SGLT2 inhibitors are predominantly associated with HF and CKD outcomes.38”
From Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J. M., Fitchett, D., Bluhmki, E., Hantel, S., Mattheus, M., Devins, T., Johansen, O. E., Woerle, H. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1504720 · Cited by 12,315 · see citing works
Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Neal, B., Perkovic, V., Mahaffey, K. W., de Zeeuw, D., Fulcher, G., Erondu, N., Shaw, W., Law, G., Desai, M., & Matthews, D. R. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1611925 · Cited by 7,830 · see citing works
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Daniels, G. H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J. F. E., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N. R., Ravn, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · Cited by 7,629 · see citing works
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Bain, S. C., Consoli, A., Eliaschewitz, F. G., Jódar, E., Leiter, L. A., Lingvay, I., Rosenstock, J., Seufert, J., Warren, M. L., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1607141 · Cited by 6,900 · see citing works
Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Wiviott, S. D., Raz, I., Bonaca, M. P., Mosenzon, O., Kato, E. T., Cahn, A., Silverman, M. G., Zelniker, T. A., Kuder, J. F., Murphy, S. A., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1812389 · Cited by 6,382 · see citing works
Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Perkovic, V., Jardine, M. J., Neal, B., Bompoint, S., Heerspink, H. J. L., Charytan, D. M., Edwards, R., Agarwal, R., Bakris, G., Bull, S., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1811744 · Cited by 6,189 · see citing works
Effect of Rosiglitazone on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death from Cardiovascular Causes
Nissen, S. E., & Wolski, K. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa072761 · Cited by 4,675 · see citing works
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study
Kannel, W. B. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.241.19.2035 · Cited by 3,958 · see citing works
Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-Prevention Trial with Gemfibrozil in Middle-Aged Men with Dyslipidemia
Frick, M. H., Elo, O., Haapa, K., Heinonen, O. P., Heinsalmi, P., Helo, P., Huttunen, J. K., Kaitaniemi, P., Koskinen, P., Manninen, V., et al. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711123172001 · Cited by 3,881 · see citing works
Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Scirica, B. M., Bhatt, D. L., Braunwald, E., Steg, P. G., Davidson, J., Hirshberg, B., Ohman, P., Frederich, R., Wiviott, S. D., Hoffman, E. B., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1307684 · Cited by 3,470 · see citing works
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Study
Kannel, W. B. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1979.03290450033020 · Cited by 2,936 · see citing works
Zelniker, T. A., Wiviott, S. D., Raz, I., Im, K., Goodrich, E. L., Bonaca, M. P., Mosenzon, O., Kato, E. T., Cahn, A., Furtado, R. H. M., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32590-x · Cited by 2,845 · see citing works
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management
Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Halpern, A., Krempf, M., Lau, D. C. W., le Roux, C. W., Violante Ortiz, R., Jensen, C. B., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411892 · Cited by 2,724 · see citing works
Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes
White, W. B., Cannon, C. P., Heller, S. R., Nissen, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Bakris, G. L., Perez, A. T., Fleck, P. R., Mehta, C. R., Kupfer, S., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1305889 · Cited by 2,502 · see citing works
The Failing Heart — An Engine Out of Fuel
Neubauer, S. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra063052 · Cited by 2,410 · see citing works
Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome
Pfeffer, M. A., Claggett, B., Diaz, R., Dickstein, K., Gerstein, H. C., Køber, L. V., Lawson, F. C., Ping, L., Wei, X., Lewis, E. F., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1509225 · Cited by 2,409 · see citing works
Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Bethel, M. A., Mentz, R. J., Thompson, V. P., Lokhnygina, Y., Buse, J. B., Chan, J. C., Choi, J., Gustavson, S. M., Iqbal, N., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1612917 · Cited by 2,162 · see citing works
Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes
Fowler, M. J. (2008) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.26.2.77 · Cited by 1,954 · see citing works
Jia, G., Hill, M. A., & Sowers, J. R. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.311586 · Cited by 1,838 · see citing works
Hernandez, A. F., Green, J. B., Janmohamed, S., D'Agostino, R. B., Granger, C. B., Jones, N. P., Leiter, L. A., Rosenberg, A. E., Sigmon, K. N., Somerville, M. C., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32261-x · Cited by 1,829 · see citing works
Creager, M. A., Lüscher, T. F., of, P. W. T. A., Cosentino, F., & Beckman, J. A. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000091257.27563.32 · Cited by 1,654 · see citing works
SGLT2 inhibitors and mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit: a state-of-the-art review
Verma, S., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4670-7 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Self-citationNikolaidis, L. A., Mankad, S., Sokos, G. G., Miske, G., Shah, A., Elahi, D., & Shannon, R. P. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000120505.91348.58 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Inzucchi, S. E., Zinman, B., Fitchett, D., Wanner, C., Ferrannini, E., Schumacher, M., Schmoor, C., Ohneberg, K., Johansen, O. E., George, J. T., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1096 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Margulies, K. B., Hernandez, A. F., Redfield, M. M., Givertz, M. M., Oliveira, G. H., Cole, R., Mann, D. L., Whellan, D. J., Kiernan, M. S., Felker, G. M., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.10260 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Nyström, T., Gutniak, M. K., Zhang, Q., Zhang, F., Holst, J. J., Ahrén, B., & Sjöholm, Å. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00237.2004 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
The Cardiovascular Biology of Glucagon-like Peptide-1
Drucker, D. J. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.009 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Baartscheer, A., Schumacher, C. A., Wüst, R. C. I., Fiolet, J. W. T., Stienen, G. J. M., Coronel, R., & Zuurbier, C. J. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4134-x · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Uthman, L., Baartscheer, A., Bleijlevens, B., Schumacher, C. A., Fiolet, J. W. T., Koeman, A., Jancev, M., Hollmann, M. W., Weber, N. C., Coronel, R., et al. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4509-7 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Bethel, M. A., Patel, R. A., Merrill, P., Lokhnygina, Y., Buse, J. B., Mentz, R. J., Pagidipati, N. J., Chan, J. C., Gustavson, S. M., Iqbal, N., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30412-6 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Nauck, M. A., Meier, J. J., Cavender, M. A., Abd El Aziz, M., & Drucker, D. J. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.028136 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Exenatide reduces reperfusion injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Lønborg, J., Vejlstrup, N., Kelbæk, H., Bøtker, H. E., Kim, W. Y., Mathiasen, A. B., Jørgensen, E. O., Helqvist, S., Saunamäki, K. I., Clemmensen, P. M., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr309 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Nielsen, R. R., Møller, N., Gormsen, L. C., Tolbod, L. P., Hansson, N. H., Sorensen, J., Harms, H. J., Frøkiær, J., Eiskjær, H., Jespersen, N. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.118.036459 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Chilton, R., Tikkanen, I., Cannon, C. P., Crowe, S., Woerle, H. J., Broedl, U. C., & Johansen, O. E. (2015) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12572 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Hallow, K. M., Helmlinger, G., Greasley, P. J., McMurray, J. J. V., & Boulton, D. W. (2018) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13126 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition in Heart Failure
Lytvyn, Y., Bjornstad, P., Udell, J. A., Lovshin, J. A., & Cherney, D. Z. I. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.030012 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Cooney, M. T., Vartiainen, E. A., Laakitainen, T., Juolevi, A., Dudina, A. L., & Graham, I. M. (2010) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.029 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Frías, J. P., Guja, C., Hardy, E., Ahmed, A., Dong, F., Öhman, P., & Jabbour, S. A. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30267-4 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Empagliflozin Increases Cardiac Energy Production in Diabetes
Verma, S., Rawat, S., Ho, K. L., Wagg, C. S., Zhang, L., Teoh, H., Dyck, J. E., Uddin, G. M., Oudit, G. Y., Mayoux, E., et al. (2018) · JACC Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.07.006 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Self-citationSolini, A., Giannini, L., Seghieri, M., Vitolo, E., Taddei, S., Ghiadoni, L., & Bruno, R. M. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0621-8 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Vascular biology of atherosclerosis: overview and state of the art
Libby, P. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03143-0 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Kalra, S. (2014) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-014-0089-4 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Proximal Tubule Function and Response to Acidosis
Curthoys, N. P., & Moe, O. W. (2013) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.10391012 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Kohlhaas, M., Liu, T., Knopp, A., Zeller, T., Ong, M. F., Böhm, M., O'Rourke, B. P., & Maack, C. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.914911 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
GLP-1 Receptor Expression Within the Human Heart
Baggio, L. L., Yusta, B., Mulvihill, E. E., Cao, X., Streutker, C. J., Butany, J., Cappola, T. P., Margulies, K. B., & Drucker, D. J. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00004 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Heart failure: a cardiovascular outcome in diabetes that can no longer be ignored
McMurray, J. J. V., Gerstein, H. C., Holman, R. R., & Pfeffer, M. A. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70031-2 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Robinson, L. E., Holt, T. A., Rees, K., Randeva, H. S., & O'Hare, J. P. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001986 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Ludvik, B., Frías, J. P., Tinahones, F. J., Wainstein, J., Jiang, H., Robertson, K. E., García-Pérez, L.-E., Woodward, D. B., & Milicevic, Z. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30023-8 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The failing human heart is unable to use the Frank-Starling mechanism.
Schwinger, R. H. G., Böhm, M., Koch, A., Schmidt, U. H., Morano, I. L., Eissner, H. J., Überfuhr, P., Reichart, B., & Erdmann, E. (1994) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.74.5.959 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Sun, F., Wu, S., Wang, J., Guo, S., Chai, S., Yang, Z., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Ji, L., & Zhan, S. (2015) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.11.008 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Schork, A., Saynisch, J., Vosseler, A., Jaghutriz, B. A., Heyne, N., Peter, A., Häring, H., Stefan, N., Fritsche, A., & Artunç, F. (2019) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-019-0852-y · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Heart Rate as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Perret‐Guillaume, C., Joly, L., & Bénétos, A. (2009) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.05.003 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Matrix metalloproteinases promote arterial remodeling in aging, hypertension, and atherosclerosis
Wang, M., Kim, S. H., Monticone, R. E., & Lakatta, E. G. (2015) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03618 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The cardiovascular safety of diabetes drugs–insights from the rosiglitazone experience
Hiatt, W. R., Kaul, S., & Smith, R. J. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1309610 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Skin Sodium Concentration Correlates with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in CKD
Schneider, M. P., Raff, U., Kopp, C., Scheppach, J. B., Toncar, S., Wanner, C., Schlieper, G., Saritas, T., Floege, J., Schmid, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2016060662 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Koska, J., Sands, M., Burciu, C., D’Souza, K. M., Raravikar, K., Liu, J., Truran, S., Franco, D. A., Schwartz, E. A., Schwenke, D. C., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0976 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Differential effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on heart rate
Lorenz, M., Lawson, F., Owens, D., Raccah, D., Roy-Duval, C., Lehmann, A., Perfetti, R., & Blonde, L. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0490-6 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Olmo-García, M. I. D., & Merino-Torres, J. F. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2018/4020492 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Tanaka, H., Takano, K., Iijima, H., Kubo, H., Maruyama, N., Hashimoto, T., Arakawa, K., Togo, M., Inagaki, N., & Kaku, K. (2017) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0457-8 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Lambert, R., Srodulski, S. J., Peng, X., Margulies, K. B., Despa, F., & Despa, S. I. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002183 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
NHE-1: Still a viable therapeutic target
Karmazyn, M. (2013) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.006 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes: a comparative review
Boyle, J. G., Livingstone, R., & Petrie, J. R. (2018) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20171299 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Ascending GLP-1 Road From Clinical Safety to Reduction of Cardiovascular Complications
Drucker, D. J. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi18-0008 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Nakatani, Y., Kawabe, A., Matsumura, M., Aso, Y., Yasu, T., Banba, N., & Nakamoto, T. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1437 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Load in Heart Failure
Ooi, H., Chung, W. B., & Biolo, A. (2008) · Congestive Heart Failure · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2008.07210.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The Serendipitous Story of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure
Verma, S., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.040514 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBurgmaier, M., Liberman, A., Möllmann, J., Kahles, F., Reith, S., Lebherz, C., Marx, N., & Lehrke, M. (2013) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.08.033 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kimura, G. (2016) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-16-0780 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Metabolism of the failing heart and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors
García‐Ropero, Á., Santos‐Gallego, C. G., Zafar, M. U., & Badimón, J. J. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2019.1588886 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Verma, S., Goldenberg, R., Bhatt, D. L., Farkouh, M. E., Quan, A., Teoh, H., Connelly, K. A., Leiter, L. A., & Friedrich, J. O. (2017) · CMAJ Open · doi:10.9778/cmajo.20160058 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationAlter, P. J., Rupp, H., Stoll, F., Adams, P., Figiel, J. H., KLOSE, K. J., Rominger, M. B., & Maisch, B. (2011) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.07.092 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Cardiovascular Benefits of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA
Khat, D. Z., & Husain, M. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1011-7 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kuroki, T., Tanaka, R., Shimada, Y., Yamashiro, K., Ueno, Y., Shimura, H., Urabe, T., & Hattori, N. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.116.012934 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Faber, R., Zander, M., Peña, A., Michelsen, M. M., Mygind, N. D., & Prescott, E. (2015) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0206-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nagayama, K., Kyotani, Y., Zhao, J., Ito, S., Ozawa, K., Bolstad, F., & Yoshizumi, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137960 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Juhaeri, J., Gao, S., & Dai, W. S. (2009) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1741 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Treatment of Diabetes in People With Heart Failure
Connelly, K. A., Gilbert, R. E., & Liu, P. X. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.026 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPacker, M. (2018) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0648-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Santos‐Gallego, C. G., Ibáñez, J. A. R., Antonio, R. S., Ishikawa, K., Watanabe, S., Botija, M. B. P., Salvo, A. S., Hajjar, R. J., Fuster, V., & Badimón, J. J. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31215-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tanaka, A., & Node, K. (2018) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0731-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss in adult patients without diabetes
Ottney, A. R. (2013) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp130081 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Effects of Incretins in Diabetes
Advani, A., Bugyei‐Twum, A., & Connelly, K. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.06.010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationFITCHETT, D. H., Lee, J., George, J., Woerle, H. J., & Inzucchi, S. (2018) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1641913 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zinman, B., Mathieu, C., Kaspers, S., Woerle, H. J., & FITCHETT, D. H. (2018) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1641901 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 88 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases
Piché, M., Tchernof, A., & Després, J. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.120.316101 · Cited by 2,046 · see citing works
Petrie, M. C., Verma, S., Docherty, K. F., Inzucchi, S. E., Anand, I., Belohlávek, J., Böhm, M., Chiang, C.-E., Chopra, V. K., de Boer, R. A., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1906 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Self-citationIkonomidis, I., Pavlidis, G., Thymis, J., Birba, D., Kalogeris, A., Kousathana, F., Kountouri, A., Balampanis, K., Parissis, J., Andreadou, I., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015716 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Honigberg, M. C., Chang, L.-S., McGuire, D. K., Plutzky, J., Aroda, V. R., & Vaduganathan, M. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1966 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Giugliano, D., Longo, M., Scappaticcio, L., Bellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., & Esposito, K. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-021-01430-3 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mason, T., Coelho‐Filho, O. R., Verma, S., Chowdhury, B., Zuo, F., Quan, A., Thorpe, K. E., Bonneau, C., Teoh, H., Gilbert, R. E., et al. (2021) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.10.017 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, C., Jie, L., Jiang, M., & Wang, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.838277 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Ghosh, S., Luo, D., He, W., Chen, J., Su, X., & Huang, H. (2020) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104861 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Benefits from Gliflozins: Effects on Endothelial Function
Salvatore, T., Caturano, A., Galiero, R., Martino, A. D., Albanese, G., Vetrano, E., Sardu, C., Marfella, R., Rinaldi, L., & Sasso, F. C. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9101356 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Control of 24-hour blood pressure with SGLT2 inhibitors to prevent cardiovascular disease
Kario, K., Ferdinand, K. C., & O’Keefe, J. H. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.003 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Verma, S., Al‐Omran, M., Leiter, L. A., Mazer, C. D., Rasmussen, S., Saevereid, H. A., Sejersten Ripa, M., & Bonaca, M. P. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14700 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationTrang, N. N., Chung, C., Lee, T., Cheng, W., Kao, Y., Huang, S.-Y., Lee, T.-I., & Chen, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031177 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Why the endothelium? The endothelium as a target to reduce diabetes-associated vascular disease
Triggle, C. R., Ding, H., Marei, I., Anderson, T. J., & Hollenberg, M. D. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2019-0677 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Yu, Y.-W., Zhao, X.-M., Wang, Y.-H., Zhou, Q., Huang, Y., Zhai, M., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01209-y · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Olğar, Y., Tuncay, E., Değirmenci, S., Billur, D., Dhingra, R., Kirshenbaum, L. A., & Turan, B. (2020) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.15483 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Metabolic responses and benefits of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor ligands
Tanday, N., Flatt, P. R., & Irwin, N. (2021) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15485 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Almeida, G. D. O., Nienkotter, T. F., Balieiro, C. C. A., Pasqualotto, E., Cintra, J. B., Carvalho, H. C. P., Silva, A. L. S., Kabariti, J. C., Minucci, B. S., Bertoli, E. D., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40256-024-00647-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: mechanisms of action in heart failure
Dutka, M., Bobiński, R., Ulman-Włodarz, I., Hajduga, M. B., Bujok, J., Pająk, C., & Ćwiertnia, M. (2020) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-020-10041-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Connelly, K. A., Mazer, C. D., Puar, P., Teoh, H., Wang, C., Mason, T., Akhavein, F., Chang, C., Liu, M., Yang, N., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.122.062769 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationGLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Coronary Arteries: From Mechanisms to Events
de Mortanges, A. P., Sinaci, E., Salvador, D., Bally, L., Muka, T., Wilhelm, M., & Bano, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.856111 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sørensen, M. H., Bojer, A. S., Jørgensen, N. R., Broadbent, D. A., Plein, S., Madsen, P. L., & Gæde, P. (2020) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01135-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bhanushali, K. B., Asnani, H., Nair, A. V., Ganatra, S., & Dani, S. S. (2024) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102664 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dong, Y., Chang, C., Lin, J., Yang, W., Wu, L., & Toh, S. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14741 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The changes of cardiac energy metabolism with sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor therapy
Su, S., Ji, X., Li, T., Teng, Y., Wang, B., Han, X., & Zhao, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1291450 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Strain, W. D., & Griffiths, J. (2021) · British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.15277/bjd.2021.292 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wang, H., Ding, L., Tian, L., Tian, Y., Liao, L., & Zhao, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.917761 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ramani, J., Shah, H., Vyas, V., & Sharma, M. (2022) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100074 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Shahim, B., Redfors, B., Stuckey, T., Liu, M., Zhou, Z., Witzenbichler, B., Weisz, G., Rinaldi, M. J., Neumann, F., Metzger, D. C., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.026482 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dapagliflozin Alleviates High-Fat-Induced Obesity Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Ferroptosis
Chen, D., Shi, J., Wu, Y., Miao, L., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Xu, S., & Lou, Y. (2024) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.15150 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Vistisen, D., Carstensen, B., Patorno, E., Lanzinger, S., Tan, E. C.-H., Yabe, D., Kim, D. J., Sheu, W. H., Cohen, C. M., Holl, R. W., et al. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01963-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Franklin, B. A., Brubaker, P. H., Harber, M. P., Lavie, C. J., MYERS, J. N., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000523 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Jankie, S., & Pereira, L. M. P. (2020) · Post Reproductive Health · doi:10.1177/2053369120982753 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy – A new possible indication for SGLT-2 inhibitors?
Rotkvić, P. G., Berković, M. C., Rotkvić, L., & Bulj, N. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109594 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sadraei, S., Aarabi, A., Firouzabadi, S. R., Alinejadfard, M., Mohammadi, I., & Jolfayi, A. G. (2025) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-025-05278-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jain, S., Shukla, A. K., DEEPIKA, D., Panwar, S., Kumari, A., Yadav, A. K., & Kumar, A. (2024) · Food Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/fbe2.12098 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Tang, E. H. M., Wong, C. K. H., Lau, K. T. K., Fei, Y., & Cheung, B. M. Y. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109071 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lin, Y., Lin, C.-H., Lin, Y., Huang, Y., Tai, A., Fu, S., & Lin, S. (2024) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2024.01.016 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
SGLT2 Inhibition, Visceral Adiposity, Weight, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Carbone, S., O’Keefe, J. H., & Lavie, C. J. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22864 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Recomendaciones para el manejo del riesgo cardiorrenal en el paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Castillo, G. A., Aroca, G., Buelvas, J., Buitrago, A. F., Carballo-Zárate, V., Cárdenas, J. M., Gómez, E. A., Fériz, K., Lopera, J. M., Enrique Melgarejo, R., et al. (2020) · Revista Colombiana de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.rccar.2020.07.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Statistics 2021
Lavie, C. J. (2021) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2021.07.012 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Verma, S., Klug, E., Mareev, V. Y., Kobalava, Z. D., Connelly, K. A., Arıcı, M., Berwanger, O. B., Santoso, A., Mehta, R., Meglis, G., et al. (2020) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000774 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationObeidat, O., Alayyat, A., Naser, A., Ghanem, F. H., Jabri, A., Branković, M., Jiao, T., Ruzieh, M., Haddad, A., Alexy, T., et al. (2025) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2025.10.016 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The use of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist in the cardiology practice
Martens, P., Mathieu, C., & Vanassche, T. (2022) · Acta cardiologica. Supplementum · doi:10.1080/00015385.2022.2076307 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
New pharmacotherapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Sotirakos, S., Wheen, P., Spiers, P., & Armstrong, R. L. (2020) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2020.1784007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Šabović, E. K. M., Šumenjak, T. K., & Janić, M. (2025) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/actadv.v105.44720 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Understanding Diabetes Remission
Velayutham, K., Panneerselvam, G., & Ramanathan, B. (2025) · Apollo Medicine · doi:10.1177/09760016251323727 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xiao, M., Sui, Y., Fu, D., Gong, S., Xiong, N., Wu, Y., & Xiong, W. (2025) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-025-03663-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Patoulias, D., Kalogirou, M., Stavropoulos, K., Imprialos, K. P., & Doumas, M. N. (2019) · Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej · doi:10.20452/pamw.14998 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gill, G. S., Latif, A., Hilleman, D. E., Lavie, C. J., & Alla, V. M. (2021) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100878 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Somatostatin receptor ligands suppressed proliferation and lipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes
Zhao, Z., Gong, F., Duan, L., Lv, X., Wu, H., Tang, Y., Zhu, H., & Chen, X. (2022) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13762 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Role of Liraglutide Use in Patients With Heart Failure
Allam, S. R., Sartaj, S., Moquim, H., Husnain, M. A., Bustos, D., Lakkimsetti, M., Randhawa, A. K., & Gupta, I. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.50065 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ali, Y. H., Latif, F., Hoda, F., Hassan, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, R., & Jaiswal, V. (2025) · Atherosclerosis Plus · doi:10.1016/j.athplu.2025.04.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Statistics 2020 at progress in cardiovascular diseases
Lavie, C. J. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Evaluation of Dapagliflozin in the Treatment of Heart Failure
Sotirakos, S. (2020) · Future Cardiology · doi:10.2217/fca-2020-0138 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kutoh, E., Wada, A., Kuto, A. N., Hayashi, J., & Kurihara, R. (2020) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.2020.1732098 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tsironikos, G. I., Tsolaki, V., Zakynthinos, G. Ε., Kyprianidou, D., Rammou, V., Antonogiannis, T., Mprotsis, T., Zakynthinos, Ε., & Bargiota, Α. (2025) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2025.1694808 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tsironikos, G. I., Tsolaki, V., Zakynthinos, G. Ε., Rammou, V., Kyprianidou, D., Antonogiannis, T., Zakynthinos, Ε., & Bargiota, Α. (2025) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.70114 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ikonomidis, I., Papageorgiou, A., Pavlidis, G., Georgiopoulos, G. A., Katogiannis, K., Maratou, E., Thymis, J., Pliouta, L., Kountouri, A., Korakas, E., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00996.2025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ahmed, T., Karimi, H., Hegde, V., & Lodhi, S. H. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.19169 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Waluś‐Miarka, M., Kapusta, M., Miarka, P., Trojak, A., Idzior‑Waluś, B., & Malecki, M. T. (2019) · Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej · doi:10.20452/pamw.14999 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pavlidis, G., Prentza, V., Ikonomidis, I., Katogiannis, K., Kountouri, A., Thymis, J., Michalopoulou, E., Pliouta, L., Korakas, E., Stefanou, M., et al. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62020254 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Obeidat, O., Alayyat, A., Naser, A., Ghanem, F. H., Jabri, A., Branković, M., Jiao, T., Ruzieh, M., Haddad, A., Alexy, T., et al. (2026) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2025.10.014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Does canagliflozin decrease natriuretic peptide levels in patients with diabetes and heart failure?
Martín, E., Castillo, J. C., Manzanares, R. G., Aguilera, J. L., Armijo, J. P., & Anguita, M. P. (2021) · Cardiology Journal · doi:10.5603/cj.a2021.0169 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Understanding Heart Failure: Evolution of Concepts and Treatments
Šmalcelj, A. (2024) · Cardiologia Croatica · doi:10.15836/ccar2024.251 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Editor-in-chief eight years at Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Lavie, C. J. (2021) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2021.01.002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Methods of treatment of obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes
Pasek, I., Wiska, L., Kopytko, P., & Banach, B. (2021) · Farmacja Polska · doi:10.32383/farmpol/142112 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lavie, C. J. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.01.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
SGLT2-inhibitor and its place in Contemporary Diabetes Management
Khoo, C. M. (2020) · The Singapore Family Physician · doi:10.33591/sfp.46.6.u2
Battise, D. M., & Olin, J. L. (2020) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000516
Mechanisms of GLP‒1 Receptor Agonists on the Cardio-Renal Protective Effects
Kuriyama, S., & Matsumoto, K. (2022) · Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.3999/jscpt.53.6_249
Abstracts of the 41st SIF National Congress
AA.VV., A. V. (2023) · doi:10.36118/pharmadvances.2023.50
Zhang, Z. Y., Liao, S.-Y., Zhen, Z., Sun, S.-J., Lai, W., Tsang, A. M.-C., & Hai, J. J. S.-H. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.02.12.528171
代, 琳. (2023) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2023.132386
The tour-de-force for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in diabetic patients
Miguel‐dos‐Santos, R. (2023) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.04.012
Shedding Light on the Puzzle in the Paradox
Hansen, C. L. (2024) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.12.055
The physiologic and psychologic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
Bradwisch, S. A., Smith, E. M., Wilson-Mooney, C., & Donahue-Stathis, C. (2025) · Nursing · doi:10.1097/nsg.0000000000000223
Yu, Y.-W., Zhao, X.-M., Wang, Y.-H., Zhou, Q., Huang, Y., Zhai, M., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13642055
Vistisen, D., Carstensen, B., Patorno, E., Lanzinger, S., Tan, E. C.-H., Yabe, D., Kim, D. J., Sheu, W. H., Cohen, C. M., Holl, R. W., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26614246
Yu, Y.-W., Zhao, X.-M., Wang, Y.-H., Zhou, Q., Huang, Y., Zhai, M., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13642061
Giugliano, D., Longo, M., Scappaticcio, L., Bellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., & Esposito, K. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17254158
Yu, Y.-W., Zhao, X.-M., Wang, Y.-H., Zhou, Q., Huang, Y., Zhai, M., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13642058
Yu, Y.-W., Zhao, X.-M., Wang, Y.-H., Zhou, Q., Huang, Y., Zhai, M., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13642052
- Authors
- Garg, V., Verma, S., & Connelly, K.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Connelly, Kim
- Venue
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 349-357
- ISSN
- 0033-0620 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2965687553
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Amgen
- Eli Lilly and Company
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- Valeant Pharmaceuticals International
- Bayer HealthCare
- Novo Nordisk
- Servier
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalization, anti-hyperglycemic agents, ventricular loading, cardiac structure and function, myocardial energetics, Na+/H+ exchange, atherosclerosis, inflammation, endothelial function
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular System, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
