Effects of famine on placental size and efficiency
Abstract
Background Placental growth responds to maternal influences including diet. We have examined placental size, shape and efficiency among babies born around the time of the 5-month wartime famine in Holland 1944-1945.Methods We examined the birth records of 2414 term singleton babies born in Amsterdam during 1943-1947. The records included the size of the baby and the thickness of the placental surface, together with its length and breadth which we used to calculate its area and volume.Results Compared to babies born before the famine babies who were in utero during the famine had smaller placental areas. Babies whose mothers conceived after the famine ended also had smaller placental areas. Famine was associated with a 19 cm(2) decrease in area. Babies who were in mid-late gestation during the famine were 160 g lighter than would have been predicted from their placental area (p < 0.001). Babies who were in early gestation during the famine, or who were conceived after it had ended were 102 g heavier than would have been predicted from their placental area (p < 0.001). These latter babies were either longer or had larger head circumferences depending on when the mother experienced the famine. Among babies who were in early gestation during the famine the reduction in placental area was greater in boys than girls (p for interaction 0.03).Conclusion Famine impaired the normal processes of placentation, even among babies who were conceived after it had ended. In babies who were in mid-late gestation during the famine, the placenta was less efficient. In babies who were in early gestation during the famine, or who were conceived after it had ended, the placenta was more efficient. The placentas of boys and girls responded differently to famine.
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Hypertension was predicted by a short placental width and a more oval shape in men who were born after the war.
“However, hypertension was predicted by a short placental width and a more oval shape in men who were born after the war (471, 541).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [471]
The surface area of the placenta predicted hypertension with an odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.80) for an increase in surface area of 40 cm2.
“The surface area of the placenta also predicted hypertension with an odds ratio of 1.34 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.80) for an increase in surface area of 40 cm 2 .”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [471]
Among men exposed in utero to the starvation effects of the post-war famine in Holland, a reduced width of the placenta was associated with hypertension.
“Among men who were exposed in utero to the starvation effects of the post-war famine in Holland, a reduced width of the placenta was associated with hypertension (471).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [471]
Placental efficiency measured as the fetal to placental weight ratio was greater in response to undernutrition in late pregnancy than in control pregnancies before the famine.
“However, despite this, placental efficiency measured as the fetal to placental weight ratio was greater in response to the undernutrition in late pregnancy than seen in control pregnancies before the famine (350,”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [471]
In Dutch hunger winter populations, placental weight at term was increased when the famine occurred in the 1st trimester but was reduced, along with infant birth weight, in women who were in their 3rd trimester at the time of the famine.
“In the Dutch hunger winter populations, placental weight at term was increased when the famine occurred in the 1 st trimester but was reduced, along with infant birth weight, in women who were in their 3 rd trimester at the time of the famine (350, 471).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [471]
The size of the human placenta at term is affected by calorie intake and dietary composition during pregnancy.
“The size of the human placenta at term is known to be affected by the calorie intake and dietary composition during the pregnancy (216, 350, 471).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [471]
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“Results from the Dutch famine show that exposure to famine in early gestation had a greater effect on the placental size for boys (83) , as well as greater risk for CHD in adulthood (87) .”
Sangalli, J. R., Nociti, R. P., Chiaratti, M. R., Bridi, A., Botigelli, R. C., Ambrizi, D. R., Saraiva, H. F. R. D. A., Perecin, F., da Silveira, J. C., Ross, P. J., et al. (2024) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioae175 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…undernutrition thus far, common phenotypes are always present, such as delayed embryonic development, reduced placenta and fetal growth, stunted offspring, abnormal skeletal muscle and cardiovascular development, metabolic alterations, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns [24, 25, 59–61].”
Maternal dietary patterns and placental outcomes among pregnant women in Los Angeles
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David James Purslove Barker. 29 June 1938—27 August 2013
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Perinatal Programming and Blood Pressure
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“…have suggested that placental efficiency is influenced by the food intake during religious fasting or famine in pregnancy (Alwasel et al. 2010; Roseboom et al. 2011), a recent review reported that there is no strong evidence supporting an association between Ramadan fasting during pregnancy…”
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Placentation as a Predictor of Feto-Placental Outcome: Effects of Early Nutrition
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Impact of anaemia in pregnancy on maternal and fetal wellbeing in Oman: a retrospective study
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Early Life Origins of Severe Personality Disorders: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
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Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcomes
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The Significance of Gender in Perinatal Medicine
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The Role of the Placenta in DOHaD
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Sex-specific associations between birthweight and objectively measured energy intake in adulthoodPreprint
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Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcomes
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IS THERE A RELATION BETWEEN CHORION FRONDOSUM THICKNESS AND SEVERE HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM?
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“Past literature has reported differences in placental size by infant sex, during famine, and periods of fasting (i.e., Ramadan) with contradicting results [86,87].”
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Small placental size is common in stillbirths, including unexplained late-gestation stillbirths
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- Authors
- Roseboom, T. J., Painter, R. C., de Rooij, S. R., van Abeelen, A. F. M., Veenendaal, M. V. E., Osmond, C., & Barker, D. J. P.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Southampton General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Roseboom, T.J.
- Venue
- Placenta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 395-399
- ISSN
- 0143-4004 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998987314
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Placenta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- famine, placental size, placental efficiency, fetal growth, maternal diet, pregnancy timing, sex differences, birth weight, placental volume
- MeSH terms
- Birth Weight, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Netherlands, Organ Size, Placentation, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Sex Characteristics, Starvation, History, 20th Century
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