Mirror neuron function, psychosis, and empathy in schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
Processing of social and emotional information has been shown to be disturbed in schizophrenia. The biological underpinnings of these abnormalities may be explained by an abnormally functioning mirror neuron system. Yet the relationship between mirror neuron system activity in schizophrenia, as measured using an electroencephalography (EEG) paradigm, and socio-emotional functioning has not been assessed. The present research measured empathy and mirror neuron activity using an established EEG paradigm assessing the integrity of the Mu rhythm (8-13Hz) suppression over the sensorimotor cortex during observed and actual hand movement in 16 schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (SSD) participants (n=8 actively psychotic and n=8 in residual illness phase) and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison participants. Actively psychotic SSD participants showed significantly greater mu suppression over the sensorimotor cortex of the left hemisphere than residual phase SSD and healthy comparison individuals. The latter two groups showed similar levels of mu suppression. Greater left-sided mu suppression was positively correlated with psychotic symptoms (i.e., greater mu suppression/mirror neuron activity was highest among subjects with the greater severity of psychotic symptoms). SSD subjects tended to have significantly higher levels of Personal Distress (as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index) than healthy participants. The present study suggests that abnormal mirror neuron activity may exist among patients with schizophrenia during the active (psychotic) phase of the illness, and correlates with severity of psychosis.
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Neuroimaging and TMS studies of the mirror neuron system in schizophrenia during action observation and execution disagree, reporting intact, reduced, altered, or increased activity.
“Some imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies find intact activity [14][15][16][17] in the mirror neuron system (MNS)-which is thought to form the neural basis of imitation [18][19][20][21] -during action observation and execution; while others find this activity to be reduced, 22,23 altered, 13 or enhanced.14,24”
From Enhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
The enhanced imitation result aligns with prior neuroimaging and TMS evidence of intact or increased mirror neuron system activity in patients, and with reports of preserved spontaneous social motor coordination in schizophrenia.
“This finding is in line with imaging and TMS studies showing intact [14][15][16][17] or even enhanced 14,24 MNS activity in patients during action observation or imitation and with work done on social motor coordination in schizophrenia, where spontaneous coordination is preserved.62”
From Enhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
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AYNA NÖRON SİSTEMİ VE FONKSİYONLARINA KLİNİK YAKLAŞIM
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- Authors
- McCormick, L. M., Brumm, M. C., Beadle, J. N., Paradiso, S., Yamada, T., & Andreasen, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCormick, Laurie M.
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 201
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 233-239
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3545445
- OpenAlex
- W1999245345
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 22.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH083879)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- mirror neuron system, schizophrenia, psychosis, empathy, mu rhythm, sensorimotor cortex, personal distress, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, residual phase, psychotic symptom severity
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Cortex, Electroencephalography, Empathy, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Case-Control Studies, Brain Waves, Mirror Neurons
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