Some markers of mirroring appear intact in schizophrenia: evidence from mu suppression
Open accessAbstract
Although schizophrenia is associated with impairments in social cognition, the scope and neural correlates of these disturbances are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether schizophrenia patients show impaired functioning of the mirror neuron system (MNS), as indexed by electroencephalographic (EEG) mu (8-13 Hz) suppression, a hypothesized biomarker of MNS activity that is sensitive to the degree of social interaction depicted in visual stimuli. A total of 32 outpatients and 26 healthy controls completed an EEG paradigm that included six action observation or execution conditions that differed in their degrees of social interaction. Participants also completed a validated empathy questionnaire. Across both groups, we found a significant linear increase in mu suppression across the conditions involving greater levels of social engagement and interaction, but no significant group or interaction effects. Patients self-reported diminished empathic concern and perspective taking, which showed some moderate relations to mu suppression levels. Thus, the schizophrenia group showed generally intact modulation of MNS functioning at the electrophysiological level, despite self-reporting empathic disturbances. The disturbances commonly seen on self-report, performance, and neuroimaging measures of mentalizing in schizophrenia may largely reflect difficulties with higher-level inferential processes about others' emotions, rather than a basic incapacity to share in these experiences.
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Neuroimaging and TMS studies of the mirror neuron system in schizophrenia during action observation and execution disagree, reporting intact, reduced, altered, or increased activity.
“Some imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies find intact activity [14][15][16][17] in the mirror neuron system (MNS)-which is thought to form the neural basis of imitation [18][19][20][21] -during action observation and execution; while others find this activity to be reduced, 22,23 altered, 13 or enhanced.14,24”
From Enhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
The Abstract and Conclusions report generally intact MNS-related activity in schizophrenia during action observation and execution, measured by EEG mu suppression. The Introduction describes mixed findings from other EEG studies, and the Conclusions report diminished activity in MEG/TMS studies and abnormalities in fMRI studies. The paper supports the broader point that findings differ, but its own intact finding comes from EEG, not imaging or TMS, and it does not establish every listed outcome for those methods. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Horan, W. P., Pineda, J. A., Wynn, J. K., Iacoboni, M., & Green, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Horan, William P.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2014-01-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1049-1060
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2167899070
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 11.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH065707, MH065707, MH 43292)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, mirror neuron system, mu suppression, social cognition, action observation, empathy, perspective taking, empathic concern, mentalization, EEG biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Cognition Disorders, Electroencephalography, Emigration and Immigration, Empathy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Social Perception, Young Adult
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