Theory and practice of chaplain's spiritual care process: A psychiatrist's experiences of chaplaincy and conceptualizing trans-personal model of mindfulness
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Of various spiritual care methods, mindfulness meditation has found consistent application in clinical intervention and research. "Listening presence," a chaplain's model of mindfulness and its trans-personal application in spiritual care is least understood and studied. AIM: The aim was to develop a conceptualized understanding of chaplain's spiritual care process based on neuro-physiological principles of mindfulness and interpersonal empathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Current understandings on neuro-physiological mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) and interpersonal empathy such as theory of mind and mirror neuron system are used to build a theoretical framework for chaplain's spiritual care process. Practical application of this theoretical model is illustrated using a carefully recorded clinical interaction, in verbatim, between chaplain and his patient. Qualitative findings from this verbatim are systematically analyzed using neuro-physiological principles. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Chaplain's deep listening skills to experience patient's pain and suffering, awareness of his emotions/memories triggered by patient's story and ability to set aside personal emotions, and judgmental thoughts formed intra-personal mindfulness. Chaplain's insights on and ability to remain mindfully aware of possible emotions/thoughts in the patient, and facilitating patient to return and re-return to become aware of internal emotions/thoughts helps the patient develop own intra-personal mindfulness leading to self-healing. This form of care involving chaplain's mindfulness of emotions/thoughts of another individual, that is, patient, may be conceptualized as trans-personal model of MBI. CONCLUSION: Chaplain's approach may be a legitimate form of psychological therapy that includes inter and intra-personal mindfulness. Neuro-physiological mechanisms of empathy that underlie Chaplain's spiritual care process may establish it as an evidence-based clinical method of care.
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A substantial body of research supports the involvement of professional health care chaplains in treating moral injury given their training in moral theory, religious traditions, and spiritual practices.
“A substantial body of research supports the involvement of professional health care chaplains in treating moral injury (MI), given their training in moral theory, religious traditions, and spiritual practices (3, 111–113).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [113]
The Introduction (page not available) describes professional chaplains as holding theology degrees and receiving accredited training in spiritual care; it also notes research on chaplaincy services and clinical outcomes. The paper does not address moral injury, identify training in moral theory, or report a substantial body of research supporting chaplains in treating moral injury. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredParameshwaran describes listening presence as a transpersonal/transcendental form of mindfulness that shifts focus away from the self, fosters metacognitive awareness and self-empathy, and disrupts negative automatic thoughts.
“Parameshwaran (113), drawing on neurophysiological principles and qualitative findings, describes this approach as a “transpersonal/transcendental form of mindfulness” that shifts focus away from the self, fosters metacognitive awareness and self-empathy, and disrupts negative automatic thoughts.”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [113]
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- Authors
- Parameshwaran, R.
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21
- ISSN
- 0019-5545 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4314912
- OpenAlex
- W1982172542
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- chaplaincy, spiritual care, mindfulness meditation, interpersonal empathy, theory of mind, mirror neuron system, self-healing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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