Neural responses during emotional processing before and after cognitive trauma therapy for battered women.
Abstract
Therapy for combat and accident-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been reported to influence amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response during emotional processing. It is not yet understood how therapy influences different phases of emotional processing, and whether previous findings generalize to other PTSD populations. We hypothesized that cognitive trauma therapy for battered women (CTT-BW) would alter insula, amygdala, and cingulate responses during anticipation and presentation of emotional images. Fourteen female patients with PTSD related to domestic violence completed the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after CTT-BW. The fMRI task involved cued anticipation followed by presentation of positive versus negative affective images. CTT-BW was associated with decreases in CAPS score, enhanced ACC and decreased anterior insula activation during anticipation, and decreased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala response during image presentation (negative-positive). Pre-treatment ACC activation during anticipation and image presentation exhibited positive and negative relationships to treatment response, respectively. Results suggest that CTT-BW enhanced efficiency of neural responses during preparation for upcoming emotional events in a way that reduced the need to recruit prefrontal-amygdala responses during the occurrence of the event. Results also suggest that enhancing ACC function during anticipation may be beneficial for PTSD treatment.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sensory-based treatments may be an alternative mechanism that can bring online the prefrontal cortex, a key brain region for multisensory integration, emotion regulation and social cognition, which may be offline under certain conditions.
“Here, we propose that sensory-based treatments may be an alternative mechanism that can bring online the prefrontal cortex, a key brain region for multisensory integration, emotion regulation and social cognition, which may be offline under certain conditions (Lanius et al., 2010; Aupperle et al., 2013).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Aupperle et al., 2013
Cites
AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Cox, R. W. (1996) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1006/cbmr.1996.0014 · Cited by 10,913 · see citing works
(2005) · CTIT technical reports series · Cited by 5,307 · see citing works
The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106 · Cited by 5,024 · see citing works
The cognitive control of emotion
OCHSNER, K., & GROSS, J. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010 · Cited by 4,495 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL)
Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C., & Forneris, C. A. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(96)00033-2 · Cited by 3,997 · see citing works
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(Davis and Whalen, 2001; Morrison and Salzman, 2010), the insula is implicated in processing interoceptive signals (i.e., bodily responses) (Critchley et al., 2004; Craig, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psychresns Psychiatry Research:…”
BackgroundEtkin, A., & Wager, T. D. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030504 · Cited by 3,391 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Felmingham et al. (2007) and Roy et al.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEmotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex
Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.004 · Cited by 3,059 · see citing works
The amygdala: vigilance and emotion
Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000812 · Cited by 2,882 · see citing works
Robust Regression: Asymptotics, Conjectures and Monte Carlo
Huber, P. J. (1973) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176342503 · Cited by 2,378 · see citing works
The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders
Shin, L. M., & Liberzon, I. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.83 · Cited by 2,083 · cited 5× · see citing works
“In general, results suggest PTSD subjects have greater activation in amygdala and anterior insula regions and less activation of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and/or medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Etkin andWager, 2007; Liberzon and Sripada, 2008; Shin and Liberzon, 2010) compared to non-PTSD subjects, t…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims.
Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. K. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.60.5.748 · Cited by 1,490 · see citing works
Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims.
Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. K. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.5.748 · Cited by 1,490 · see citing works
Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.042 · Cited by 1,325 · see citing works
Self-citationConflict monitoring and decision making: Reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function
BOTVINICK, M. M. (2007) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.7.4.356 · Cited by 1,117 · see citing works
Anticipatory affect: neural correlates and consequences for choice
Knutson, B. D., & Greer, S. M. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0155 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Significance of the insula for the evolution of human awareness of feelings from the body
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05990.x · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Nonresponse and Dropout Rates in Outcome Studies on PTSD: Review and Methodological Considerations
Schottenbauer, M. A., Glass, C. R., Arnkoff, D. B., Tendick, V., & Gray, S. H. (2008) · Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes · doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.134 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
The functional neuroanatomy of PTSD: a critical review
Liberzon, I., & Sripada, C. S. (2007) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)67011-3 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Stein, D. J., Ipser, J. C., Seedat, S., Sager, C., & Amos, T. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002795.pub2 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Morrison, S. E., & Salzman, C. D. (2010) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.02.007 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Paulus, M. P., Feinstein, J. S., Castillo, G., Simmons, A. N., & Stein, M. B. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.282 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citationMohanty, A., Engels, A. S., Herrington, J. D., Heller, W., Ringo Ho, M., Banich, M. T., Webb, A. G., Warren, S. L., & Miller, G. A. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00515.x · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Bryant, R. A., Felmingham, K., Kemp, A., Das, P., Hughes, G., Peduto, A., & Williams, L. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002231 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Simmons, A., Strigo, I., Matthews, S. C., Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.038 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive Trauma Therapy for Battered Women With PTSD (CTT-BW).
Kubany, E. S., Hill, E., Owens, J. A., Iannce-Spencer, C., McCaig, M. A., Tremayne, K. J., & Williams, P. L. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.3 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Felmingham, K. L., Kemp, A. H., Williams, L. M., Das, P., Hughes, G., Peduto, A. S., & Bryant, R. A. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01860.x · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Boggio, P. S., Rocha, M., de Oliveira, M. O., Fecteau, S., Cohen, R. B., Campanhã, C., Ferreira-Santos, E., Meleiro, A. M. A. D. S., Corchs, F., Zaghi, S., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04638blu · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Allard, C. B. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1539 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationAnticipation of emotionally aversive visual stimuli activates right insula
Simmons, A., Matthews, S. C., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2004) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200410050-00024 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationSimmons, A. N., Paulus, M. P., Thorp, S. R., Matthews, S. C., Norman, S. B., & Stein, M. B. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.027 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationModulation of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex activity with real‐time neurofeedback
Hamilton, J. P., Glover, G. H., Hsu, J., Johnson, R. F., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20997 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Haut, K. M., Lim, K. O., & MacDonald, A. W. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.52 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Psychosocial therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Foa, E. B. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Thomaes, K., Dorrepaal, E., Draijer, N., de Ruiter, M. B., Elzinga, B. M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Smit, J. H., & Veltman, D. J. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000499 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Improvement in cerebral function with treatment of posttraumatic stress disordera
Roy, M. J., Francis, J., Friedlander, J. N., Williams, L. B., Lande, R. G., Taylor, P., Blair, J., McLellan, J., Law, W. A., Tarpley, V., et al. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05689.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Farrow, T. F. D., Hunter, M. D., Wilkinson, I. D., Gouneea, C., Fawbert, D., Smith, R., Lee, K.-H., Mason, S. M., Spence, S. A., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2005) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.05.012 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Pregabalin Influences Insula and Amygdala Activation During Anticipation of Emotional Images
Aupperle, R. L., Ravindran, L. N., Tankersley, D., Flagan, T., Stein, N. R., Simmons, A. N., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.32 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain pathways for cognitive-emotional decision making in the human animal
Levine, D. S. (2009) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.03.003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lurito (2000) · doi:10.1002/1097-0193(200007)10:3
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interoceptive predictions in the brain
Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3950 · Cited by 1,766 · see citing works
An active inference theory of allostasis and interoception in depression
Barrett, L. F., Quigley, K. S., & Hamilton, P. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0011 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Marwood, L., Wise, T., Perkins, A. M., & Cleare, A. J. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.022 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Functional Neuroanatomy of Emotion and Its Regulation in PTSD
Fitzgerald, J. M., DiGangi, J. A., & Phan, K. L. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000185 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
PTSD Psychotherapy Outcome Predicted by Brain Activation During Emotional Reactivity and Regulation
Fonzo, G. A., Goodkind, M. S., Oathes, D. J., Zaiko, Y. V., Harvey, M., Peng, K. K., Weiss, M. E., Thompson, A. L., Zack, S. E., Lindley, S. E., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Third, we predicted activation of the rostral/dorsal anterior cingulate when processing an emotional cue to moderate the relationship between treatment arm and symptom change, consistent with prior work, though we did not have an a priori directional hypothesis given inconsistent prior findings (6, 12).”
BackgroundResultKeifer Jr, O. P., Hurt, R. C., Gutman, D. A., Keilholz, S. D., Gourley, S. L., & Ressler, K. J. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8582 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Intimate Partner Violence and Traumatic Brain Injury: State of the Science and Next Steps
St. Ivany, A., & Schminkey, D. (2016) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/fch.0000000000000094 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Helpman, L., Marin, M.-F., Papini, S., Zhu, X., Sullivan, G. M., Schneier, F., Neria, M., Shvil, E., Malaga Aragon, M. J., Markowitz, J. C., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.007 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Decreased activation following psychotherapy was found in lateral prefrontal structures (Lindauer et al., 2007), insula (Aupperle et al., 2013; Peres et al., 2007a, 2011), thalamus (Lansing et al., 2005), and amygdala (Felmingham et al., 2007; Peres et al., 2007b, 2011).”
BackgroundSelective Effects of Psychotherapy on Frontopolar Cortical Function in PTSD
Fonzo, G. A., Goodkind, M. S., Oathes, D. J., Zaiko, Y. V., Harvey, M., Peng, K. K., Weiss, M. E., Thompson, A. L., Zack, S. E., Mills-Finnerty, C. E., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091073 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Harricharan, S., McKinnon, M. C., & Lanius, R. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.625490 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Malejko, K., Abler, B., Plener, P. L., & Straub, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00085 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Altered activity in the ACC after successful psychotherapy of PTSD was, therefore, interpreted as a correlate of improved conflict monitoring and emotion regulation (37).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNeural Correlates of Inhibition and Contextual Cue Processing Related to Treatment Response in PTSD
van Rooij, S. J., Geuze, E., Kennis, M., Rademaker, A. R., & Vink, M. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.220 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“…treatment outcome and pretreatment striatal and frontal activity during response inhibition, and amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex responses to emotional stimuli (Aupperle et al, 2013; Bryant et al, 2008; Falconer et al, 2013; Felmingham et al, 2007; Roy et al, 2010; Simmons et al, 2013).”
BackgroundPretreatment biomarkers predicting PTSD psychotherapy outcomes: A systematic review
Colvonen, P. J., Glassman, L. H., Crocker, L. D., Buttner, M. M. A., Orff, H. J., Schiehser, D. M., Norman, S. B., & Afari, N. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.027 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“…treatment responders howed increased activation in the bilateral dACC in response to egative pictures (Aupperle et al., 2013; van Rooij et al., 2015c), he dACC and rACC during anticipation phase of negative images Aupperle et al., 2013), and the dACC for fearful faces (Bryant t al., 2008a).”
InfluentialSelf-citationZhu, X., Suarez‐Jimenez, B., Lazarov, A., Helpman, L., Papini, S., Lowell, A. M., Durosky, A., Lindquist, M. A., Markowitz, J. C., Schneier, F. R., et al. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22816 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“activation was found following exposure therapy using an affective Stroop task in patients with war-related PTSD (Roy, Costanzo, Blair, & Rizzo, 2014), following CBT using an affective viewing task in battered women (Aupperle et al., 2013) and an emotional face task in a mixed sample (Felmingham et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDark Times: The Role of Negative Reinforcement in Methamphetamine Addiction
May, A. C., Aupperle, R. L., & Stewart, J. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00114 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationUpdate on Domestic Violence and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review
Costello, K., & Greenwald, B. D. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12010122 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Neuroimaging with fMRI also showed reduced amygdala response which indicated enhanced processing of emotional salience as well as decreased fear learning [58].”
BackgroundAdolescent depression and brain development: evidence from voxel-based morphometry
Straub, J., Brown, R. C., Malejko, K., Bonenberger, M., Grön, G., Plener, P. L., & Abler, B. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.170233 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Treatment Outcome-Related White Matter Differences in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Kennis, M., van Rooij, S. J. H., Tromp, D., Fox, A. S., Rademaker, A. R., Kahn, R. S., Kalin, N. H., & Geuze, E. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.94 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“The cingulum bundle is a C-shaped bundle that runs between the ACC and the entorhinal cortex, and can be subdivided into a dorsal and hippocampal region (see Figure 1a and b).”
InfluentialFunctional network topology associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans
Kennis, M., van Rooij, S. J. H., van den Heuvel, M. P., Kahn, R. S., & Geuze, E. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.12.008 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“, 2015c) and amygdala, ACC and superior parietal lobule function (Aupperle et al., 2013; Bryant et al., 2008b; van Rooij et al., 2015b) have been shown to bemarkers of treatment outcome.”
Brinkmann, L., Buff, C., Neumeister, P., Tupak, S. V., Becker, M. P. I., Herrmann, M. J., & Straube, T. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23513 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Additionally, therapy studies showed a relationship between PTSD symptomatology and the ability to moderate anticipatory anxiety through a network consisting of insula and cingulate cortex [Aupperle et al., 2013; Simmons et al., 2013b].”
BackgroundKing, A. P., Block, S. R., Sripada, R. K., Rauch, S. A. M., Porter, K. E., Favorite, T. K., Giardino, N., & Liberzon, I. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00154 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“A small number of longitudinal (“pre–post” design) studies have reported changes in brain activations that differ between treatment responders and non-responders, including ACC and insula activation on tasks involving anticipation of negative or positive images (29, 30) and Stroop task (31), as well as changes in left…”
BackgroundBarksdale, B. R., Enten, L., DeMarco, A., Kline, R., Doss, M. K., Nemeroff, C. B., & Fonzo, G. A. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03033-w · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cisler, J. M., Sigel, B. A., Kramer, T. L., Smitherman, S., Vanderzee, K. L., Pemberton, J. R., & Kilts, C. D. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.09.011 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“The prior imaging studies among adults (Aupperle et al., 2013; Bryant et al., 2008a; Falconer et al., 2013) suggest the hypothesis here among adolescents that lesser amygdala activity and greater ACC and striatum activity should predict greater symptom reduction during TFCBT.”
BackgroundBiomarkers of PTSD: military applications and considerations
Lehrner, A. L., & Yehuda, R. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.23797 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Picó‐Pérez, M., Fullana, M. A., Albajes‐Eizagirre, A., Vega, D., Marco‐Pallarés, J., Vilar, A., Chamorro, J., Felmingham, K. L., Harrison, B. J., Raduà, J., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721005444 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Nord, C. L., Barrett, L. F., Lindquist, K. A., Ma, Y., Marwood, L., Satpute, A. B., & Dalgleish, T. (2021) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2021.16 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Szeszko, P. R., & Yehuda, R. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Structural Brain Alterations in Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Daugherty, J. C., Verdejo‐Román, J., Pérez-Garcı́a, M., & Hidalgo-Ruzzante, N. A. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520959621 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Some authors propose that the occipital (Neumeister et al., 2018) and temporal (Aupperle et al., 2012; Aupperle et al., 2013; Fonzo et al., 2010, 2013) regions could be related to abnormal processing of negative or fear-producing stimuli.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBall, T. M., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22299 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“[74] Although most studies examining neuroimaging predictors of anxiety disorder treatment have focused on the amygdala and ACC, two recent studies of CBT response (one in GAD and panic disorder,[78] another in PTSD[79]) utilized a data-driven approach to identify potential predictors that were not constrained to spec…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFonzo, G. A., Goodkind, M. S., Oathes, D. J., Zaiko, Y. V., Harvey, M. M., Peng, K. K., Weiss, M. E., Thompson, A. L., Zack, S., Lindley, S. E., et al. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.021 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Manthey, A., Sierk, A., Brakemeier, E., Walter, H., & Daniels, J. K. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1929025 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Reis, J. C., Antoni, M. H., & Travado, L. (2020) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852918001621 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Intimate Partner Violence PTSD and Neural Correlates of Inhibition
Aupperle, R. L., Clausen, A. N., Simmons, A. N., Flagan, T., Allard, C. B., Thorp, S. R., Norman, S. B., Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2016) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22068 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Region of interest mask construction has been described elsewhere (Aupperle et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPredictive Neuroimaging Markers of Psychotherapy Response: A Systematic Review
Chakrabarty, T., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Hadjipavlou, G. A. (2016) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000132 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“cognitive control and reappraisal are more likely to respond to CBT for anxiety.(33,43,45,50)”
BackgroundStevens, J. S., Ely, T. D., Sawamura, T., Guzman, D., Bradley, B., Ressler, K. J., & Jovanovic, T. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22506 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“This interpretation is consistent with previous studies showing increased activation in this region associated with spontaneous recovery from PTSD [60] and treatment response [61–64] .”
Allard, C. B., Norman, S. B., Thorp, S. R., Browne, K. C., & Stein, M. B. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516636068 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Findings related to the neuropsychological testing and fMRI scanning components of the larger study are reported elsewhere (Aupperle et al., 2013; Aupperle et al., 2012; Twamley et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeurocognition in PTSD: Treatment Insights and Implications
Jak, A. J., Crocker, L. D., Aupperle, R. L., Clausen, A. N., & Bomyea, J. A. (2016) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_62 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural correlates of trauma-unrelated emotional processing in war veterans with PTSD
van Rooij, S. J. H., Rademaker, A. R., Kennis, M., Vink, M., Kahn, R. S., & Geuze, E. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714001706 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Other studies showed reduced bilateral insula activation to anticipation of negative or positive pictures after treatment (Aupperle et al. 2013), and bilateral increased insula activation to pain stimuli (Geuze et al.”
BackgroundZhutovsky, P., Thomas, R. M., Olff, M., van Rooij, S. J. H., Kennis, M., van Wingen, G. A., & Geuze, E. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0663-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mahabir, M., Tucholka, A., Shin, L. M., Etienne, P. E., & Brunet, A. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.10.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Chiba, T., Ide, K., Taylor, J. E., Boku, S., Toda, H., Kanazawa, T., Kato, S., Horiuchi, Y., Hishimoto, A., Maruyama, T., et al. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0827-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Vuper, T. C., Philippi, C. L., & Bruce, S. E. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113312 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Young, D. A., Chao, L. L., Neylan, T. C., O’Donovan, A., Metzler, T. J., & Inslicht, S. S. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Indeed, evidence suggests that individuals with smaller ACC volumes and individuals with reduced dorsal ACC activity exhibit less treatment gains in psychotherapy compared to individuals with larger ACC volume and greater dorsal ACC activity (Aupperle et al., 2013; Roy et al., 2010), which further suggests smaller ACC…”
Defining focal brain stimulation targets for PTSD using neuroimaging
van Rooij, S. J. H., Sippel, L. M., McDonald, W. M., & Holtzheimer, P. E. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23159 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kalsi, N., Altavilla, D., Tambelli, R., Aceto, P., Trentini, C., Di Giorgio, C., & Lai, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00927 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…et al., 2007 Phobia Psychotherapy 14 fMRI Emotional task 27.2 Yoshimura et al., 2014 Depression Psychotherapy 21 fMRI Emotional task 37.3 Aupperle et al., 2013 PTSD Psychotherapy 14 fMRI Emotional task 40.1 Buchheim et al., 2012 Depression Psychotherapy 16 fMRI Emotional task…”
BackgroundInfluentialBryant, R. A., Erlinger, M., Felmingham, K. L., Klimova, A., Williams, L. M., Malhi, G. S., Forbes, D., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720001129 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“, 2008), enhanced anterior cingulate cortex activation in the anticipation of affective stimuli (Aupperle et al., 2013), and activation”
BackgroundKorgaonkar, M. S., Chakouch, C., Breukelaar, I. A., Erlinger, M., Felmingham, K. L., Forbes, D., Williams, L. M., & Bryant, R. A. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00938-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Chadderdon, A. L., Carns, D. R., Pudalov, L. R., McKernan, L. C., & Honce, J. M. (2020) · Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1097/rmr.0000000000000239 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Neurobiological Alterations in Females With PTSD: A Systematic Review
Eder-Moreau, E., Zhu, X., Fisch, C. T., Bergman, M., Neria, Y., & Helpman, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.862476 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
White, S. F., Costanzo, M. E., Thornton, L. C., Mobley, A. M., Blair, J., & Roy, M. J. (2018) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.06.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Alkozei, A., Smith, R. S., & Killgore, W. D. S. (2016) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.034 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cognitive Trauma Therapy for Battered Women: Replication and extension.
Beck, J. G., Tran, H. N., Dodson, T. S., Henschel, A. V., Woodward, M. J., & Eddinger, J. R. (2015) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/vio0000024 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“More recently, Aupperle et al. (2013) reported a case study of CTT-BW, involving 14 women with PTSD related to IPV. Significant reductions from pre- to posttreatment were noted in clinician-assessed and self-reported PTSD, as well as depression. Based on these studies, CTT-BW seems to hold considerable promise for the…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMcDermott, T. J., Kirlić, N., Akeman, E., Touthang, J., Cosgrove, K. T., DeVille, D. C., Clausen, A. N., White, E. J., Kuplicki, R., & Aupperle, R. L. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117077 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationBryant, R. A., Williamson, T., Erlinger, M., Felmingham, K. L., Malhi, G. S., Hinton, M., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01340-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Clausen, A. N., Thelen, J., Francisco, A. J., Bruce, J. M., Martin, L. E., McDowd, J. M., & Aupperle, R. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00062 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Higher pre-treatment dorsal ACC, insula and amygdala activation during emotional anticipation has been reported to relate to PTSD treatment completion (45, 46).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAn integrated model of chronic trauma‐induced insomnia
Roberge, E. M., & Bryan, C. J. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2495 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bryant, R. A., Erlinger, M., Felmingham, K. L., Malhi, G. S., O'Donnell, M. L., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23061 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“, 2013), reduced dorsal anterior cingulate activation during image presentation (Aupperle et al., 2013; van Rooij, Kennis, Vink, & Geuze, 2016),”
BackgroundInfluentialWhite matter anisotropy and response to cognitive behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Korgaonkar, M. S., Felmingham, K. L., Klimova, A., Erlinger, M., Williams, L. M., & Bryant, R. A. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01143-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
McDermott, T. J., Kirlić, N., & Aupperle, R. L. (2018) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.05.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…been a few studies investigating predictors of treatment response for PTSD, using emotional faces (Bryant et al., 2008; Fonzo et al., 2017), anticipation of emotional images (van Rooij et al., 2015; Aupperle et al., 2013), as well as emotional conflict and regulation tasks (Fonzo et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHinojosa, C. A., VanElzakker, M. B., Kaur, N., Felicione, J. M., Charney, M. E., Bui, É., Marques, L. M., D, P. S. M., Rauch, S. L., Simon, N. M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1198244 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Likewise, greater pre-treatment activation in the dorsal ACC (dACC) has been shown to predict both better (Aupperle et al., 2013; Fonzo et al., 2017) and poorer (Aupperle et al.”
BackgroundReis, J. C., Travado, L., & Antoni, M. H. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100615 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Interestingly, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been shown to increase activity in the ACC and vmPFC, regions associated with emotional regulation and stress resilience (Creswell, 2017).”
Pierce, Z. P., Johnson, E. R., Kim, I. A., Lear, B. E., Mast, A. M., & Black, J. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1074972 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
RetractedKorgaonkar, M. S., Felmingham, K. L., Malhi, G. S., Williamson, T. H., Williams, L. M., & Bryant, R. A. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02375-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cao-Noya, J. A., Canovas, C. A., & Benuto, L. T. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102579 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Alteraciones en funciones cognitivas en mujeres maltratadas
García-Rueda, L., & Río, C. J. (2020) · Psico · doi:10.15448/1980-8623.2020.3.33346 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aarts, I., Vriend, C., Snoek, A., van den End, A., Blankers, M., Beekman, A. T. F., Dekker, J., van den Heuvel, O. A., & Thomaes, K. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00156-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Aarts, I., Thorsen, A. L., Vriend, C., Planting, C. H. M., van den Heuvel, O. A., & Thomaes, K. (2023) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-023-00831-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“In one study, 79% of patients had full PTSD but analyses were not reported separately for full and partial PTSD (Aupperle et al., 2013).”
InfluentialBueso‐Izquierdo, N., Guerrero‐Molina, M., Verdejo‐Román, J., & Manso, J. M. M. (2022) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101720 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Weisholtz, D. S., Silbersweig, D., Pan, H., Cloître, M., LeDoux, J. E., & Stern, E. R. (2020) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20030058 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“positive images, in contrast to the opposite effect during image viewing (8).”
BackgroundThe Use of Neuroscience in Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): A Scoping Review
Baird, S. L., Tarshis, S., & Messenger, C. (2022) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-022-00840-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“, 2015), neurofeedback (Aupperle et al., 2013; Brown et al., 2019), and neuropsychiatric (Gallegos et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialElectrophysiological signatures of resting state networks under new environmental conditions
Bocharov, A. V., Savostyanov, A. N., Tamozhnikov, S. S., Karpova, A. G., Milakhina, N. S., Zavarzin, E. A., Сапрыгин, А. Е., & Knyazev, G. G. (2022) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Harlé, K. M., Simmons, A. N., Norman, S. B., & Spadoni, A. D. (2020) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111172 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“, 2013), our findings are congruent with recent studies highlighting the effectiveness of PE in reducing anticipatory cue reactivity at the neural level (Aupperle et al., 2013; Simmons et al., 2013b).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationStructural equation modeling of treatment-related changes in neural connectivity for youth with PTSD
Garrett, A. S., Zhang, W., Price, L. R., Cross, J., Giuliani, N. G., van Hoof, M., Carrión, V. G., & Cohen, J. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.066 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aupperle, R. L., Berg, H. E., & Armstrong, J. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_549 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationKöse, S., & Çetin, M. (2016) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20160927054221 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Emotion in cognitive processing therapy for PTSD
Martin, C. E., Stayton, L. E., & Chard, K. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816022-0.00017-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ellis, R. A., Sinnott, S. M., Karam, K. A., Assefa, A., Osborne, M. T., & Seligowski, A. V. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2378618 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“There is preliminary evidence that PTSD treatment confers neural changes in SNA-relevant regions (e.g. vmPFC) (Abdallah et al., 2019; Aupperle et al., 2013; Helpman et al., 2016; Manthey et al., 2021; Santarnec-chi et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2018) and improves HRV (Watkins et al., 2023).”
BackgroundToward a transformed system to address child abuse and family violence in New Zealand
Foote, J., Taylor, A., Nicholas, G., Carswell, S., Wood, D., Winstanley, A., & Hepi, M. (2014) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Madden, K., Phillips, M., Solow, M., McKinnon, V., & Bhandari, M. (2019) · Journal of Injury and Violence Research · doi:10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1140 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of emotion-focused interventions: A meta-analytic review of fMRI studies
Li, Y., Li, G., Liu, Y., Liu, C., & Chen, A. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121469 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Emotional Neurophysiological Response In Intimate Partner Violence Against Women. A Pilot Study
López, J. M. L., Triviño, M. P. A., Rizo-Arévalo, A., Poveda, D. C. C., Prado-Rivera, M. A., Mejía-Soto, E., Gonzalez-lvarez, A., Lamprea, J. F., Velásquez, J., Duarte, D. L. F., et al. (2018) · International Seminar of Biomedical Engineering (SIB) · doi:10.1109/sib.2018.8467752 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“cortisol release) [15], and emotional-related brain activity patterns in amygdala, insular and cingulate cortex [16] are altered in women with IPV experiences.”
BackgroundNeuroimaging of anxiety disorders
Leicht, G., & Mulert, C. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0090 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Incarnational Psychotherapy: Christ as the Ground of Being for Integrating Psychology and Theology
Rennebohm, S. B., & Thoburn, J. W. (2021) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-021-00940-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“2017), the strengthening of synaptic connections associated with adaptive emotion regulation (i.e. synaptogenesis; Aupperle et al. 2013; Cisler et al. 2014, 2016), and the deterioration of synapses involved in dysregulation (Li et al.”
BackgroundPotential mechanisms underlying the facilitation of fear memory extinction by cotinine.
Echeverría, V., & Iarkov, A. (2014) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2014/5219 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Brain imaging techniques have permitted researchers not only to be able to assess structural and functional changes in the brain associated with PTSD, but also the reversion of these structural and functional changes with treatment [91,101,102].”
BackgroundAbler, B., Plener, P. L., Graf, H., Straub, J., & Malejko, K. (2017) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1627519
“So wurde die Verminderung der Amygdalaaktivität von vor zu nach Therapie nicht nur innerhalb von PTBS-Patienten (20, 24) gesehen, sondern auch im Vergleich von PTBS-Patienten zu Warteliste-Patienten mit einer PTBS gefunden (19, 22).”
BackgroundInfluentialBarbosa, M. R., Moraes, J. P. A., & Ventura, P. R. (2019) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000252 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Imaging of stress-related disorders
Kaur, N., Hinojosa, C. A., Russell, J., VanElzakker, M. B., & Shin, L. M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0081
Park, S.-H., Kim, H.-J., Pae, C., Kim, I. B., & Lee, S. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.08.004
Aarts, I., Vriend, C., Snoek, A., van den End, A., Blankers, M., Beekman, A. T. F., Dekker, J., van den Heuvel, O. A., & Thomaes, K. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14538672
Copas, C., Astridge, A. D., Knight, J. M., McDonald, S. J., Shultz, S. R., & Symons, G. F. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16040398
“CTT-BW has demonstrated neuronal reorganisation in the circuitry responsible for responses to trauma-related stimuli and thus may improve emotional dysregulation and hyperreactivity [68].”
The effect of CBT-based journaling on emotional responses to clothing styles
Oluah, E. B., Ogor, U. C., Ncheke, D. C., Ozoemena, L. C., Awoke, N., Ekwueme, U. H., Egenti, N. T., Ezeunara, D. C., Opara, C. L., Nwobodo, P., et al. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000050018
“[7,8] 11] Consequently, emotional responses to clothing extend beyond mere stylistic preferences; they serve as indicators of more profound psychological and social dynamics, influencing confidence, identity, and mental health.”
- Authors
- Aupperle, R. L., Allard, C. B., Simmons, A. N., Flagan, T., Thorp, S. R., Norman, S. B., Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aupperle, Robin L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-55
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080641591
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- battered women, domestic violence, post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional processing, anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, emotional anticipation, treatment response
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Domestic Violence, Battered Women
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
