The functional neuroanatomy of PTSD: a critical review
Abstract
Neuroimaging provides an opportunity to understand core processes that mediate the experience of emotions in healthy individuals as well as dysregulation of these processes in conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The first decade of neuroimaging research produced symptom provocation, cognitive activation, and functional connectivity studies that highlighted the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala, sublenticular extended amygdala (SLEA), and hippocampus, in mediating symptom formation in PTSD. There is a growing realization that a number of other psychological processes are relevant to PTSD, and they are emerging as a new focus of neuroimaging research. These include fear conditioning, habituation, and extinction; cognitive-emotional interactions; and self-related and social emotional processing. Neuroimaging findings are reviewed that suggest that the mPFC is implicated in a number of these processes. It is proposed that the mPFC plays a role in the "contextualization" of stimuli, and dysregulation of contextualization processes might play a key role in the generation of PTSD symptoms.
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The hippocampus integrates context into emotional memories and modulates amygdala activity according to context.
“it has been hypothesized that the hippocampus integrates context into emotional memories and modulates amygdala activity according to context,30”
From Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
PTSD is associated with failure to contextualize emotional memory.
“we have recently proposed that PTSD is associated with failure to contextualize emotional memory,30,44”
From Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
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“Moreover, traumatic experiences and pathological memories are linked to abnormal hippocampal-prefrontal interactions in PTSD patients, which in turn are associated with impaired contextual processing that mediates emotional regulation (Liberzon and Sripada, 2007).”
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- Authors
- Liberzon, I., & Sripada, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liberzon, Israel
- Venue
- Progress in Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 167
- Pages
- 151-169
- ISSN
- 0079-6123 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1564331199
- Cited by
- 594
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 91.41
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in brain research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, functional neuroanatomy, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, fear conditioning, habituation, extinction, cognitive-emotional interaction, social-emotional processing, contextualization, emotional dysregulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Prefrontal Cortex
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