Cited by 895COVID-19 and Mental HealthHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutMental Health Treatment and Access

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The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review

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Muller, Ashley Elizabeth, Hafstad, Elisabet Vivianne, Himmels, Jan Peter William, Smedslund, Geir, Flottorp, Signe, Stensland, Synne Øien, Stroobants, Stijn, Van de Velde, Stijn, Vist, Gunn Elisabeth·2020·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441PMC PMC7462563

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Abstract

Background: The covid-19 pandemic has heavily burdened, and in some cases overwhelmed, healthcare systems throughout the world. Healthcare workers are not only at heightened risk of infection, but also of adverse mental health outcomes. Identification of organizational, collegial and individual risk and resilience factors impacting the mental health of healthcare workers are needed to inform preparedness planning and sustainable response. Methods: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. On 11 May 2020, we utilized the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's Live map of covid-19 evidence, the visualization of a database of 20,738 screened studies, to identify studies for inclusion. We included studies reporting on any type of mental health outcome in any type of healthcare workers during the pandemic. We described interventions reported by the studies, and narratively summarized mental health-related outcomes, as study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. We assessed study quality using design-specific instruments. Results: We included 59 studies, reporting on a total of 54,707 healthcare workers. The prevalence of general psychological distress across the studies ranged from 7-97% (median 37%), anxiety 9-90% (median 24%), depression 5-51% (median 21%), and sleeping problems 34-65% (median 37%). Seven studies reported on implementing mental health interventions, and most focused on individual symptom reduction, but none reported on effects of the interventions. In most studies, healthcare workers reported low interest in and use of professional help, and greater reliance on social support and contact with family and friends. Exposure to covid-19 was the most commonly reported correlate of mental health problems, followed by female gender, and worry about infection or about infecting others. Social support correlated with less mental health problems. Discussion: Healthcare workers in a variety of fields, positions, and exposure risks are reporting anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic, but most studies do not report comparative data on mental health symptoms. before the pandemic. There seems to be a mismatch between risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers in the current pandemic and their needs and preferences, and the individual psychopathology focus of current interventions. Efforts to help healthcare workers sustain healthy relationships to colleagues, family and friends over time may be paramount to safeguard what is already an important source of support during the prolonged crisis. Expanding interventions' focus to incorporate organizational, collegial and family factors to support healthcare workers responding to the pandemic could improve acceptability and efficacy of interventions. Other: The protocol for this review is available online. No funding was received.

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Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan
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Signifying the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Concerns, Financial Concerns and Healthcare Employees Job Performance: A Mediated Model
Sarfraz, M., Ji, X., Asghar, M., Ivaşcu, L., & Öztürk, İ. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052657 · Cited by 64
“In particular, the mental toll of COVID-19 challenged the frontline workers to deal with high-stress situations such as long working hours, thus influencing normal healthcare functioning [8].”
Background
A workplace organisational intervention to improve hospital nurses’ and physicians’ mental health: study protocol for the Magnet4Europe wait list cluster randomised controlled trial
Sermeus, W., Aiken, L. H., Ball, J., Bridges, J., Bruyneel, L., Busse, R., Witte, H. D., Dello, S., Drennan, J., Eriksson, L. E., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059159 · Cited by 61
“20 104 The research activities conducted within the project are expected to improve significantly the work environment of health professionals in hospitals, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.”
Background
Burnout Status of Italian Healthcare Workers during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Peak Period
Conti, C. M., Fontanesi, L., Lanzara, R., Rosa, I., Doyle, R., & Porcelli, P. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9050510 · Cited by 61
“stress disorder (PTSD) due to the clinical work and close contact with COVID-19 patients during the outbreak [11,12].”
Background
Prevalence of psychological symptoms and associated risk factors among nurses in 30 provinces during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Li, Y., Fan, R., Lu, Y., Li, H., Liu, X., Kong, G., Wang, J., Yang, F., Zhou, J., & Wang, J. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100618 · Cited by 50
Mental Health Outcomes Amongst Health Care Workers During COVID 19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Ammari, M. A., Sultana, K., Thomas, A., Swaidan, L. A., & Harthi, N. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.619540 · Cited by 53
Extended Reality for Enhanced Telehealth During and Beyond COVID-19: Viewpoint
Ong, T., Wilczewski, H., Paige, S. R., Soni, H., Welch, B. M., & Bunnell, B. E. (2021) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/26520 · Cited by 58
“Experts anticipate severe downstream impacts upon health care workers, and urge for evidence-based therapeutic interventions responsive to the impacts of COVID-19 and for methods to reduce health care workers’ exposure to the virus [78-81].”
Background
Factors associated with nurses emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic
Rosa, P. D., Brown, R., Pravecek, B., Carotta, C. L., Garcia, A. S., Carson, P., Callies, D., & Vukovich, M. D. (2021) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151502 · Cited by 50
Distress and Wellbeing among General Practitioners in 33 Countries during COVID-19: Results from the Cross-Sectional PRICOV-19 Study to Inform Health System Interventions
Collins, C., Clays, E., Poel, E. V., Cholewa, J., Tripković, K., Nessler, K., de Rouffignac, S., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Bukumirić, Z., Adler, L., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095675 · Cited by 49
“A systematic review of 59 studies exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of professionals fighting against the pandemic [17] concluded that healthcare workers valued contact with and the social support of collaborators, resulting in less frequent mental health problems.”
Background
Anxiety and depression among nurses in COVID and non‐COVID intensive care units
Tamrakar, P., Pant, S. B., & Acharya, S. P. (2021) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.12685 · Cited by 50
“Studies have shown that long working shifts, poor quality of sleep, and sleep deprivation also adversely influence the well-being and job efficiency of nurses.(30,32) In our study, the mean duration of sleep was 6.”
Background
Gender and occupational role differences in work-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, burnout and global functioning in emergency healthcare workers
Carmassi, C., Dell’Oste, V., Bertelloni, C. A., Pedrinelli, V., Barberi, F. M., Malacarne, P., & Dell’Osso, L. (2021) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103154 · Cited by 49
A Web Survey to Evaluate the Thermal Stress Associated with Personal Protective Equipment among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy
Messeri, A., Bonafede, M., Pietrafesa, E., Pinto, I., de'Donato, F. K., Crisci, A., LEE, J. K. W., Marinaccio, A., Levi, M., Morabito, M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18083861 · Cited by 49
“In addition, COVID-19′s PPE worn for long shifts and associated with environmental heat may further aggravates effects such as skin reactions [16], respiratory difficulties, nausea, digestive discomfort, headaches [17] and mental health impacts [18,19].”
Background
Negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses can be buffered by a sense of humor and appreciation
Bartzik, M., Aust, F., & Peifer, C. (2021) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-021-00770-5 · Cited by 51
“Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses stress levels rose [12, 13, 27, 28], so that the level of moderate physiological activation was most likely often exceeded.”
BackgroundResult
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its socio-demographic and emotional determinants: A multi-country cross-sectional study
de Figueiredo, A., Simas, C., & Larson, H. J. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.051 · Cited by 47
The impact of COVID ‐19 on the mental health workforce: A rapid review
Crocker, K. M., Gnatt, I., Haywood, D., Butterfield, I., Bhat, R. S., Lalitha, A. R. N., Jenkins, Z., & Castle, D. J. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.13097 · Cited by 47
“This is particularly concerning since social support is an important coping mechanism utilized by MHWs to protect their mental well-being (Dorociak et al. 2017; Muller et al. 2020).”
Background
Marital Status and Gender Differences as Key Determinants of COVID-19 Impact on Wellbeing, Job Satisfaction and Resilience in Health Care Workers and Staff Working in Academia in the UK During the First Wave of the Pandemic
Peng, J., Wu, W. H., Doolan, G., Choudhury, N., Mehta, P., Khatun, A., Hennelly, L., Henty, J., Jury, E. C., Liao, L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.928107 · Cited by 52
Promoting resilience in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic with a brief online intervention
DeTore, N. R., Sylvia, L., Park, E. R., Burke, A., Levison, J. H., Shannon, A., Choi, K. W., Jain, F. A., Coman, D. C., Herman, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.011 · Cited by 45
Increased Autonomic Reactivity and Mental Health Difficulties in COVID-19 Survivors: Implications for Medical Providers
Dale, L. P., Cuffe, S. P., Kołacz, J., Leon, K. G., Biernacki, N. B., Bhullar, A., Nix, E. J., & Porges, S. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830926 · Cited by 46
Mental health interventions for healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Priede, A., López‐Álvarez, I., Sanchidrián, D. C., & González‐Blanch, C. (2021) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.01.005 · Cited by 47
COVID-19 Staff Wellbeing Survey: longitudinal survey of psychological well-being among health and social care staff in Northern Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic
Jordan, J., Shannon, C., Browne, D., Carroll, E., Maguire, J., Kerrigan, K., Hannan, S., McCarthy, T. J., Tully, M. A., Mulholland, C. C., et al. (2021) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.988 · Cited by 44
“18,21 Examples of interventions include psychological assistance hotlines, online courses and group activities to help with stress.”
Depression and anxiety in the Malaysian urban population and their association with demographic characteristics, quality of life, and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic
Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I., Ahmad Yusof, H., Mohd Shariff, N., Hami, R., Nisman, N. F., & Law, K. S. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01492-2 · Cited by 43
Effects of COVID-19 Mental Health Interventions Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults Not Quarantined or Undergoing Treatment Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Bonardi, O., Wang, Y., Li, K., Jiang, X., Krishnan, A., He, C., Sun, Y., Wu, Y., Boruff, J. T., Markham, S., et al. (2022) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437211070648 · Cited by 43
Prevalence of mental health symptoms and its effect on insomnia among healthcare workers who attended hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in Dhaka city
Ali, M., Uddin, Z., Ahsan, N. F., Haque, M. Z., Bairagee, M., Khan, S. A., & Hossain, A. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06985 · Cited by 43
“Other studies conducted amid pandemic time also found a higher prevalence of insomnia among female and single HCWs (Lai et al., 2020; Muller et al., 2020; Qi et al., 2020).”
Holding the frontline: a cross-sectional survey of emergency department staff well-being and psychological distress in the course of the COVID-19 outbreak
Hesselink, G., Straten, L., Gallée, L., Brants, A., Holkenborg, J., Barten, D. G., & Schoon, Y. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06555-5 · Cited by 44
“Finally, the provision of sufficient and appropriate personal protective equipment, and work rotation schedules which enable sufficient rest in the face of this ongoing pandemic seem paramount [35, 36].”
Background
A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Th’ng, F., Rao, K. A., Ge, L., Mao, D. R., Neo, H. N., Molina, J. A. D. C., & Seow, E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111228 · Cited by 42
“Another vulnerable subgroup of HCWs in our study were those living with elderly family member(s)—a subgroup with poorer MHOs which has also been demonstrated in other COVID-19 studies [4].”
Multi-dimensional impacts of Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on Sustainable Development Goal achievement
Lekagul, A., Chattong, A., Rueangsom, P., Waleewong, O., & Tangcharoensathien, V. (2022) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-022-00861-1 · Cited by 44
“Moreover, health workforce stress from heavy workload related to pandemic responses have led to mental health problems and other psychological consequences [28].”
Background
Interventions to support the mental health and well-being of front-line healthcare workers in hospitals during pandemics: an evidence review and synthesis
Robins–Browne, K., Lewis, M., Burchill, L. J., Gilbert, C. A., Johnson, C., O'Donnell, M. L., Kotevski, A., Poonian, J., & Palmer, V. J. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061317 · Cited by 44
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of nurses in British Columbia, Canada using trends analysis across three time points
Havaei, F., Smith, P. M., Oudyk, J., & Potter, G. G. (2021) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.05.004 · Cited by 41
Resilience, coping, and distress among healthcare service personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic
Elliott, T. R., Perrin, P. B., Bell, A.-S., Powers, M. B., & Warren, A. M. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03506-6 · Cited by 41
“My problems aren't severe enough to seek help”: Stress levels and use of mental health supports by Canadian hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic
Ménard, A. D., Soucie, K. M., Freeman‐Gibb, L., & Ralph, J. (2022) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.01.002 · Cited by 41
Immediate Psychosocial Impact on Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Dong, F., Liu, H.-L., Yang, M., Lu, C.-L., Dai, N., Zhang, Y., Robinson, N., & Liu, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645460 · Cited by 44
“Some studies provided only a qualitative description of existing literature as part of their narrative evaluations or general reviews (Barello et al., 2020; Bohlken et al., 2020; Braquehais et al., 2020; Chow et al., 2020; Fu et al., 2020; Heath et al., 2020; Magill et al., 2020; Muller et al., 2020; Paiano et al., 20…”
Background
Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers and Initial Areas of Action for Intervention and Prevention—The egePan/VOICE Study
Jerg‐Bretzke, L., Kempf, M., Jarczok, M. N., Weimer, K., Hirning, C., Gündel, H., Erim, Y., Morawa, E., Geiser, F., Hiebel, N., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910531 · Cited by 40
“Furthermore, international studies emphasize the need for intervention options [23,24] and also draw conclusions based on previous pandemics [14,15,25].”
Background
Lived experiences of healthcare workers on the front line during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study
Grailey, K., Lound, A., & Brett, S. J. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053680 · Cited by 45
Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on women’s alcohol use, mental health, and experiences of intimate partner violence in Wakiso, Uganda
Miller, A. P., Mugamba, S., Bulamba, R., Kyasanku, E., Nkale, J. M., Nalugoda, F. K., Nakigozi, G. F., Kigozi, G., Nalwoga, G. K., Kagaayi, J., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263827 · Cited by 44
“While increases in depression, anxiety and stress have been observed in the general population, some populations may be disproportionately affected including healthcare workers [11], persons infected with COVID-19 [12], persons who have lost a loved one to COVID-19, vulnerable populations at increased risk of severe i…”
Background
Burnout syndrome among healthcare workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Accra, Ghana
Konlan, K. D., Asampong, E., Dako‐Gyeke, P., & Glozah, F. N. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268404 · Cited by 40
“Individuals with high level of resilience tend to have increased capacity to deal with stressors and therefore adapt better to stressful situations at the workplace [31, 32].”
Background
Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic
Barili, E., Bertoli, P., Grembi, V., & Rattini, V. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275334 · Cited by 45
Beyond the physical risk: Psychosocial impact and coping in healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Fteropoulli, T., Kalavana, T. V., Yiallourou, A., Karaiskakis, M., Koliou Mazeri, M., Vryonides, S., Hadjioannou, A., & Nikolopoulos, G. K. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15938 · Cited by 42
“Another key finding of the study was that profession and work setting was associated with psychological outcomes.”
Influential
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, risk perception and coping strategies among health care workers in Albania - evidence that needs attention
Kamberi, F., Sinaj, E., Jaho, J., Subashi, B., Sinanaj, G., Jaupaj, K., Stramarko, Y., Arapi, P., Dine, L., Gurguri, A., et al. (2021) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100824 · Cited by 37
Perceptions of Mobile Health Apps and Features to Support Psychosocial Well-being Among Frontline Health Care Workers Involved in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response: Qualitative Study
Yoon, S., Goh, H., Nadarajan, G. D., Sung, S. C., Teo, I., Lee, J., Ong, M. E. H., Graves, N., & Teo, T. L. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26282 · Cited by 47
“This finding from our study reinforces that from a previous study that insufficient rapport-building led to diminished utilization of wellness support services among frontline workers [31].”
MethodResult
Sources of Distress and Coping Strategies Among Emergency Physicians During COVID-19
Dehon, E. E., Zachrison, K. S., Peltzer-Jones, J. M., Tabatabai, R. R., Clair, E., Puskarich, M. A., Ondeyka, A., Dixon–Gordon, K. L., Walter, L. A., Situ-LaCasse, E., et al. (2021) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2021.9.53406 · Cited by 37
“December 2020 18% (46) Current Living Arrangements Alone 11% (28) With children 65% (169) With elderly people 5% (13)”
Virtual Reality for Health Care Professionals During a Pandemic: A Pilot Program
Croghan, I. T., Hurt, R. T., Aakre, C. A., Fokken, S. C., Fischer, K. M., Lindeen, S. A., Schroeder, D. R., Ganesh, R., Ghosh, K., & Bauer, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319221086716 · Cited by 36
Instruments to measure fear of COVID-19: a diagnostic systematic review
Muller, A. E., Himmels, J. P. W., & de Velde, S. V. (2021) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-021-01262-5 · Cited by 40
“[8], as well as a diagnostic accuracy review that used the map as one of multiple sources [62]).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Effects of Exposure to COVID-19 News and Information: A Meta-Analysis of Media Use and Uncertainty-Related Responses During the Pandemic
Chu, T. H., Yeo, T. E. D., & Su, Y. (2022) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10776990211068857 · Cited by 38
“…the finding that health care profession moderates the association between media exposure and stress is particularly significant, given that healthcare workers were observed to be at higher risk of mental health problems than the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic (Muller et al., 2020).”
Background
Hospital clinicians’ psychosocial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal study
Wynter, K. H., Holton, S., Trueman, M., Bruce, S., Sweeney, S., Crowe, S., Dabscheck, A., Eleftheriou, P., Booth, S., Hitch, D., et al. (2022) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqac003 · Cited by 34
“A limitation of almost all studies reporting psychological distress or well-being among healthcare workers is that these studies have been cross-sectional in design [1-6].”
Influential
The mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Kock, J. H. D., Latham, H. A., & Cowden, R. G. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000805 · Cited by 39
A cross-sectional investigation on remote working, loneliness, workplace isolation, well-being and perceived social support in healthcare workers
O'Hare, D., Gaughran, F., Stewart, R. J., & da Costa, M. P. (2024) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2024.7 · Cited by 36
Coronavirus awareness, confinement stress, and mental health: Evidence from Honduras, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain
Landa–Blanco, M., Mejía-Suazo, C. J., Landa-Blanco, A. L., Martínez‐Martínez, C. A., Vásquez, D., Vásquez, G., Moraga-Vargas, P., Echenique, Y., Cid, G. M. D., & Montoya, B. D. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113933 · Cited by 35
“Recent research has found that healthcare workers are not prioritizing mental health, instead, they focus on occupational protection, rest, and social support (Muller et al., 2020).”
Background
An Immersive and Interactive Platform for Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation (bWell): Design and Iterative Development Process
Shaigetz, V. G., Proulx, C., Cabral, A., Choudhury, N., Hewko, M. D., Kohlenberg, E. M., Segado, M., Smith, M. S. D., & Debergue, P. (2021) · JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies · doi:10.2196/26629 · Cited by 37
Impact of the fear of catching COVID-19 on mental health in undergraduate students: A Predictive Model for anxiety, depression, and insomnia
Vilca, L. W., Chávez, B. V., Fernández, Y. S., Caycho‐Rodríguez, T., & White, M. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02542-5 · Cited by 38
“Various studies have described the mental health problems associated with this pandemic in different groups such as healthcare workers (Muller et al., 2020), clinic patients (Hu et al., 2020), adults (Wang et al., 2020; Xiong et al., 2020), police (Caycho-Rodríguez et al., 2020), school children…”
Background
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on nurses' burnout and related factors: A rapid systematic review
Hür, G., Cinar, N. D., & Suzan, Ö. K. (2022) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2022.09.002 · Cited by 38
Economic stressors and mental health symptoms among Bangladeshi rehabilitation professionals: A cross-sectional study amid COVID-19 pandemic
Ali, M., Uddin, Z., & Hossain, A. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06715 · Cited by 33

Authors: Muller, A. E., Hafstad, E. V., Himmels, J. P. W., Smedslund, G., Flottorp, S., Stensland, S. Ø., Stroobants, S., Van de Velde, S., & Vist, G. E.
Affiliations: Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
Oslo University Hospital (NO)
Corresponding author: Muller, Ashley Elizabeth
ORCID: Muller, Ashley Elizabeth
Hafstad, Elisabet Vivianne
Himmels, Jan Peter William
Smedslund, Geir
Flottorp, Signe
Stensland, Synne Øien
Stroobants, Stijn
Vist, Gunn Elisabeth
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-11
Volume: 293
Pages: 113441
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
PMC: PMC7462563
OpenAlex: W3081708086
Cited by: 895
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 177 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 237 · 2020: 12
FWCI: 13.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by)
NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, mental health, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, psychological distress, social support, occupational exposure to COVID-19, gender differences, mental health interventions, help-seeking
MeSH terms: Occupational Stress, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Risk Factors, Social Support, Coronavirus Infections, Internationality, Pandemics

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The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review

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