The mental health toll of the Russian-Ukraine war across 11 countries: Cross-sectional data on war-related stressors, PTSD and CPTSD symptoms
Abstract
Exposure to war is a severe traumatic experience with disastrous mental health effects. This study examined the mental health among 5,560 residents in 11 countries worldwide at different geographic distances from the epicenter of the Russian-Ukrainian War (RUW). An online questionnaire assessed war-related variables (e.g., personal experiences with RUW, perceived concern and threat), previous life stress experiences, and mental health (i.e., resilience, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, ICD-11 PTSD, and CPTSD). Results showed regional differences. Ukrainians had the worst mental health indices, followed by participants in the bordering countries, and then by those in the distal ones. War-related variables were associated with worse mental health. The common predictors for PTSD and CPTSD were previous mental disorder, anxiety, and perceived stress, whereas unique predictors were also found (PTSD: female gender and impact of news on mental health; CPTSD: being single, overall impact of war on mental health, sum of lifetime traumatic experiences, resilience (inversely), and depression). Given the continuing uncertainty about the threat of war for many of the nations in this study, findings suggest the need for practitioners to support concerned populations.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Constant media bombardment, especially when coupled with prolonged uncertainty about the war's resolution, contributes significantly to the mental health burden experienced by affected populations.
“Constant media bombardment, especially when coupled with the prolonged uncertainty about the war’s resolution, contributes significantly to the mental health burden experienced by affected populations.”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
Individuals exposed to war-related stressors, including displacement, violence, and loss, are at a heightened risk for developing PTSD.
“Individuals exposed to war-related stressors, including displacement, violence, and loss, are at a heightened risk for developing PTSD.”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
Continuous media coverage, especially news reports focusing on graphic images or uncertain political developments, heightens feelings of anxiety and helplessness among those already traumatized by the war.
“Continuous media coverage, especially news reports focusing on graphic images or uncertain political developments, was found to heighten feelings of anxiety and helplessness among those already traumatized by the war.”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788 · see citing works
Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.3.513 · Cited by 18,187 · see citing works
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5 · Cited by 16,280 · see citing works
The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back
Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802222972 · Cited by 6,439 · see citing works
An Ultra-Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression: The PHQ–4
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70864-3 · Cited by 4,261 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of the Life Events Checklist
Gray, M. J., Litz, B., Hsu, J. L., & Lombardo, T. W. (2004) · Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) · doi:10.1177/1073191104269954 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys
Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Bromet, E. J., Cardoso, G., Degenhardt, L., de Girolamo, G., Dinolova, R. V., Ferry, F., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1353383 · Cited by 1,661 · see citing works
Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women.
Hobfoll, S. E., Johnson, R. J., Ennis, N., & Jackson, A. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.632 · Cited by 1,381 · see citing works
Cloitre, M., Shevlin, M., Brewin, C. R., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Maercker, A., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12956 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review
Bogic, M., Njoku, A., & Priebe, S. (2015) · BMC International Health and Human Rights · doi:10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
New, normative, English-sample data for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4)
Warttig, S. L., Forshaw, M. J., South, J., & White, A. K. (2013) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105313508346 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Stress: Concepts, Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior
Fink, G. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-12842-5 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Vallejo, M. A., Vallejo-Slocker, L., Fernández-Abascal, E. G., & Mañanes, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00037 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Hoppen, T. H., Priebe, S., Vetter, I., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006303 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Toward an Understanding of the Russian-Ukrainian War Impact on University Students and Personnel
Kurapov, A., Pavlenko, V., Drozdov, A., Bezliudna, V., Reznik, A., & Isralowitz, R. (2022) · Journal of loss & trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2022.2084838 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationNexhmedin Morina, B., Stam, K., Pollet, T. V., & Priebe, S. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.027 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Hapon, N., Chiang, S.-K., Żywiołek-Szeja, M., Karamushka, L., Lee, C. T., Grabowski, D., Paliga, M., Rosenblat, J. D., Ho, R., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28729-3 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, W., Павлова, Ю., Chen, X., Petrytsa, P., Graf‐Vlachy, L., & Zhang, S. X. (2023) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221143919 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lushchak, O. V., Velykodna, M., Bolman, S., Strilbytska, O. M., Berezovskyi, V., & Storey, K. B. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100773 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Kurapov, A., Kalaitzaki, A. E., Keller, V., Danyliuk, I., & Kowatsch, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134780 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationRedican, E., Nolan, E., Hyland, P., Cloitre, M., McBride, O., Karatzias, T., Murphy, J., & Shevlin, M. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102381 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M. E., Ben‐Ezra, M., McElroy, E., Redican, E., Vang, M. L., Cloître, M., Ho, G. W. K., Lorberg, B. A., Martsenkovskyi, D., et al. (2023) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13529 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Conservation of Resources Theory Applied to Major Stress
Hobfoll, S. E., Tirone, V., Holmgreen, L., & Gerhart, J. I. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800951-2.00007-8 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Riad, A., Drobov, A., Krobot, M., Antalová, N., Alkasaby, M. A., Peřina, A., & Koščík, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148418 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Shevlin, M., Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Bisson, J., Makhashvili, N., Javakhishvili, J., Shpiker, M., & Roberts, B. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12840 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Simon, N., Roberts, N. P., Lewis, C. E., van Gelderen, M. J., & Bisson, J. I. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1573129 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Cloitre, M., Ben-Ezra, M., Karatzias, T., Olff, M., Murphy, J., & Shevlin, M. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01912-x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Seleznova, V., Пінчук, І., Feldman, I., Вирченко, В., Wang, B., & Skokauskas, N. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-023-00598-3 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Christodoulaki, A., Baralou, V., Konstantakopoulos, G., & Touloumi, G. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110970 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Covid-19—Beyond virology: Potentials for maintaining mental health during lockdown
Munk, A. J. L., Schmidt, N. M., Alexander, N., Henkel, K., & Hennig, J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236688 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Surżykiewicz, J., Skalski‐Bednarz, S. B., Niesiobędzka, M., Gladysh, O., & Konaszewski, K. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2022.111697 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Павлова, Ю., Graf‐Vlachy, L., Petrytsa, P., Wang, S., & Zhang, S. X. (2022) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2335 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Moral Injury Among Ukrainian Civilians During the Ongoing War
Zasiekina, L., Засєкін, С. В., & Kuperman, V. (2023) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-023-01225-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Predictors of PTSD and Psychological Distress Symptoms of Ukraine Civilians During war
Eshel, Y., Kimhi, S., Marciano, H., & Adini, B. B. (2023) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2023.69 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Shevlin, M. E., Karatzias, T., Ben‐Ezra, M., McElroy, E., Vang, M. L., Lorberg, B. A., & Martsenkovskyi, D. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723000818 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Fear of war and mental health in Germany
Hajek, A., Kretzler, B., & König, H. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02394-9 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Media-Induced War Trauma Amid Conflicts in Ukraine
Su, Z., McDonnell, D., Cheshmehzangi, A., Bentley, B. L., Aḥmad, J., Šegalo, S., da Veiga, C. P., & Xiang, Y. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221109609 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Wang, S., Barrett, E. S., Hicks, M. H., Martsenkovskyi, D., Голованова, І. А., Marchak, O., Ishchenko, L., Haque, U., & Fiedler, N. L. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116056 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
National resilience in Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion
Goodwin, R. B., Hamama‐Raz, Y., Leshem, E., & Ben‐Ezra, M. (2022) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103487 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationKang, T. S., Goodwin, R. B., Hamama‐Raz, Y., Leshem, E., & Ben‐Ezra, M. (2023) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s204579602300015x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping the factors behind ongoing war stress in Ukraine‐based young civilian adults
Palace, M., Замазій, О., Terbeck, S., Bokszczanin, A., Berezovski, T., Gurbisz, D., & Szwejka, Ł. (2023) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12493 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Khan, A. R., & Altalbe, A. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280423 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kazlauskas, E., Jovarauskaitė, L., Abe, K., Brewin, C. R., Cloître, M., Daniunaite, I., Haramaki, Y., Hihara, S., Kairytė, A., Kamite, Y., et al. (2022) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796022000336 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mental health in Germany in the first weeks of the Russo-Ukrainian war
Gottschick, C., Diexer, S., Massag, J., Klee, B., Broda, A., Purschke, O., Binder, M., Sedding, D., Frese, T., Girndt, M., et al. (2023) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.21 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A full‐scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022: Resilience and coping within and beyond Ukraine
Kimhi, S., Kaim, A., Bankauskaite, D., Baran, M., Baran, T., Eshel, Y., Dumbadze, S., Gabashvili, M., Kaniasty, K. Z., Koubová, A., et al. (2023) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12466 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lotzin, A., Morozova-Larina, O., Paschenko, S., Paetow, A., Schratz, L., Keller, V., & Krupelnytska, L. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115561 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Grigoriadis, I. Ν. (2022) · Turkish Studies · doi:10.1080/14683849.2022.2087509 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cricenti, C., Mari, E., Barchielli, B., Quaglieri, A., Burrai, J., Pizzo, A., D’Alessio, I., Giannini, A. M., Ferracuti, S., & Lausi, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19106189 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mottola, F., Gnisci, A., Kalaitzaki, A., Vintilă, M., & Sergi, I. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1154502 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationKira, I. A., Aljakoub, J., Ibraheem, B. A., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., & Ashby, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2022.2028094 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Karakiewicz-Krawczyk, K., Zdziarski, K., Landowski, M., Nieradko-Heluszko, A., Kotwas, A., Szumilas, P., Knyszyńska, A., & Karakiewicz, B. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013369 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Rogowska, A. M., & Павлова, Ю. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115431 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kvedaraitė, M., Geležėlytė, O., Kairytė, A., Roberts, N. P., & Kazlauskas, E. (2021) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640211057720 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Russia-Ukraine War: Jeopardizing the mental health gains already been obtained globally
Kalaitzaki, A. E., & Tamiolaki, A. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103285 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationLimaj, E., Yaroshenko, O. M., Melnychuk, N. O., Moskalenko, O. V., & Chung, J.-K. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Studies · doi:10.1080/00207233.2023.2267388 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
McGinty, G., Fox, R. J., Roberts, B., Makhashvili, N., Javakhishvili, J. D., & Hyland, P. (2023) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2023.2217002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ressler, A., Hinchey, L. M.-E., Mast, J., Zucconi, B. E., Bratchuk, A., Parfenukt, N., Roth, D., & Javanbakht, A. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640241242030 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kalaitzaki, A. E., Tamiolaki, A., & Vintilă, M. (2022) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2022.2114654 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationKaniasty, K. Z., Baran, M., Urbańska, B., Boczkowska, M., & Hamer, K. (2023) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12483 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hyland, P., Shevlin, M. E., Martsenkovskyi, D., Ben‐Ezra, M., & Brewin, C. R. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102898 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Editorial: The war in Ukraine: impact on mental health on a global level
Vintilă, M., Kalaitzaki, A. E., Turliuc, M. N., Goian, C., & Tudorel, O. I. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1226184 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationPalgi, Y., Greenblatt‐Kimron, L., Ben‐Ezra, M., & Shrira, A. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115451 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Velykodna, M., Charyieva, O., Kvitka, N., Mitchenko, K., Шило, О. С., & Tkachenko, O. (2024) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-11-2023-0118 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Piskunowicz, M., Kołodziej, K., Altukhova, V., Wojtasik, J., Jaremko, T., & Borkowska, A. (2023) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12487 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The nature of China and Taiwan conflicting relations
Stošić, S. (2023) · Politika nacionalne bezbednosti · doi:10.5937/pnb24-44065 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective.
Kesner, L., Juríčková, V., Grygarová, D., & Horáček, J. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/68640 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Kalaitzaki et al [84] provided a cross-sectional analysis of the impact of war across 11 countries on populations in areas XSL • FO RenderX directly or indirectly affected by the conflict, focusing on war-related stressors and PTSD symptoms.”
Kurapov, A., & Danyliuk, I. (2024) · Ukrainian Psychological Journal · doi:10.17721/upj.2024.2(22).4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationInvisible wounds: vicarious trauma and the mental health fallout of modern wars
Alagarsamy, S. (2026) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.10529 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chervynskyy, I. S., & Kondratiuk, N. Y. (2026) · Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski · doi:10.36740/merkur202601104 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adapting and validating the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory–2 for use in Ukraine
Kazimov, S., Fountain, S., Boan, D., Cowden, R., & Voytenko, V. L. (2026) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.70080 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kaboyi, E. N., Kayembe, H., Yambare, A., Lambuku, L., & Bompangue, D. N. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-28005-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(Im)mobility as ontological security work in frontline-but-not-at-war contexts
Cara, O., Kaša, R., & Barone-Upeniece, S. (2026) · Transnational Mobilities · doi:10.1016/j.tramob.2026.100003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ФАРМАКОТЕРАПІЯ ТРИВОЖНИХ СТАНІВ: ВІД ПАТОГЕНЕЗУ ДО ПЕРСОНАЛІЗОВАНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ
Мочернюк, Х. І., Oleshchuk, O., & Ivankiv, Y. I. (2025) · Фармацевтичний часопис · doi:10.11603/2312-0967.2025.3.15601
Syniakova, V. B., & Korsakevych, S. S. (2025) · Psychiatry Neurology and Medical Psychology · doi:10.26565/2312-5675-2025-32-05
Grabowska, M., & Rzeszutek, M. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09250-y
Ковальчук, З. Я. (2026) · Теоретичні і прикладні проблеми психології · doi:10.33216/2219-2654-2026-69-1-141-153
Das, S., Thapa, S. S., Mandal, T., Hossain, H., Ahmed, F., Bijoy, M. M. K., Khan, S. S., Rahman, M. N., Ahmad, T., Akter, S., et al. (2026) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-026-00470-z
Crossing Lines: Lessons to Learn from Studies on Disasters, Political Violence, and War
Overmeire, R. V. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-31560-1_6
Petrushenko, V., Grebeniuk, D. I., & Sidorov, S. A. (2026) · Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University · doi:10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2026-30(2)-24
Қонысбай, Т. Е., Аimaganbetova, О., Хазратова, Н., Kazikhanov, B., & Жантикеев, С. К. (2026) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/0118743501457868260522063027
Tucker, S., Baldonado, N., Ruina, O., Meléndez‐Torres, G. J., Flaxman, S. R., Bryn, L., Rawlings, L., Goldman, P., Louchnikov, K., Baldonado, J., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2026.101783
Pidbutska, N. V., Knysh, A., Чебакова, Ю. Г., & Demidova, Y. (2026) · Physical rehabilitation and recreational health technologies · doi:10.15391/prrht.2026-11(4).07
Borysiuk, I. Y., Shevchuk, O. K., & Сніцар, Є. (2026) · Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine · doi:10.29254/2077-4214-2026-3-182-22-31
Mental health and somatic symptom reductions during Ukraine’s counteroffensive in the fall of 2023
Kurapov, A., Kahveci, S., Kudar, K., Berking, M., & Jens Blechert, A. (2026) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2731851
Self-citationЗасєкіна, Л., van der Watt, A. S. J., Holland, M., Солоненко, О., & Seedat, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1888773
- Authors
- Kalaitzaki, A., Goodwin, R., Kurapov, A., Vintila, M., Lazarescu, G., Lytvyn, S., Tsouvelas, G., Tamiolaki, A., Danyliuk, I., Ramos-Diaz, J., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Mottola, F., Stulnikova, L., Lopez-Calle, C., Salas, G., Helmy, M., Chen, Y.-L., Yen, C.-F., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Samekin, A., Topanova, G., & Zhamuldinov, V. N.
- Affiliations
- Hellenic Mediterranean University (GR)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Salzburg (AT)
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (UA)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Catholic University of the Maule (CL)
- Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
- Asia University (TW)
- Kaohsiung Medical University (TW)
- Maqsut Narikbayev University (KZ)
- Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University (KZ)
- Corresponding author
- Kalaitzaki, Argyroula
- ORCID
- Kalaitzaki, Argyroula
- Goodwin, Robin
- Kurapov, Anton
- Lytvyn, Serhii
- Tsouvelas, George
- Tamiolaki, Alexandra
- Danyliuk, Ivan
- Ramos-Diaz, Jano
- Gnisci, Augusto
- Sergi, Ida
- Mottola, Francesca
- Stulnikova, Larysa
- Lopez-Calle, Claudio
- Salas, Gonzalo
- Helmy, Mai
- Chen, Yi-Lung
- Yen, Cheng-Fang
- Czepczor-Bernat, Kamila
- Samekin, Adil
- Topanova, Gulmira
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-12
- Volume
- 342
- Pages
- 116248
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4403777270
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 10.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- Russian invasion of Ukraine, post-traumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD, mental health, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, resilience, news exposure, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- War Exposure, Armed Conflicts, Adult, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Russia, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Ukraine, Resilience, Psychological, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
