The impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the mental health of Italian people after 2 years of the pandemic: risk and protective factors as moderators
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Objective: This contribution aimed at investigating the moderating role of risk (e.g., the negative influence of COVID-19 on mental health) and protective (e.g., post-traumatic growth) factors on the relationship between the concern for war and stress and anxiety/depression levels among Italian people. Methods: A questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and questions formulated ad hoc about concern for war was administered online. A sample of 755 participants (65.4% females, mean age = 32.39, SD = 12.64, range = 18–75) was recruited by convenience and snowball sampling. The researchers spread the link to the questionnaire to their acquaintances asking them to fill it out and to recruit other people. Results: Results showed that concern for war significantly augmented the levels of stress and anxiety/depression in Italian people. Being a healthcare professional or having a chronic illness negatively moderated the effect of concern for war on stress and anxiety/depression. Instead, the negative influence of COVID-19 on mental health positively moderated the effect of concern for war on stress. Moreover, the overall positive changes after trauma and four of its five scales (i.e., Relating to Others, New Possibilities, Personal Strength, and Spiritual Change), negatively moderated the effect of concern for war on anxiety/depression. Conclusions: In conclusion, concern about the Russian-Ukrainian war affects the mental health of the Italian population even if they are not directly involved in the conflict.
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War-related uncertainty, particularly media-induced exposure to conflict, has significantly augmented levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in Czech, Slovak, German, Polish, Italian, and even Taiwanese populations.
“Recent research highlights that war-related uncertainty, particularly media-induced exposure to conflict, has significantly augmented levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in Czech, Slovak, German, Polish, Italian, and even Taiwanese populations [55,81-83].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [82]
The Abstract Results and Results sections report that concern about war was significantly associated with higher stress and anxiety/depression in Italian people; the Results also link the source of war news to those outcomes. This paper does not establish that media exposure caused those increases, measure increased posttraumatic stress in its Italian sample, or report findings for all six named populations. The other populations may be covered by the sentence’s other citations. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Risk and Protective Factors of the Media-Transmitted Traumatization During War in Ukraine
Juríčková, V., Adámek, P., Grygarová, D., Jonáš, J., Havlík, M., Horáček, J., & Kesner, L. (2025) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2025.2524606 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nistor, K., Tóth, G., & Szócska, M. (2023) · IME - Az egészségügyi vezetők szaklapja · doi:10.53020/ime-2023-401 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
POSSIBLE SOLUTION FOR THE GLOBAL PROBLEM OF THE HIGH COST OF MEDICINES
Oliynyk, P. V., Hromovyk, B. P., Gutor, T., Roman, R., Olіinyk, S., Rybachuk, A., Pankevych, O. B., & Zaremba, N. (2024) · Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society Medical Sciences · doi:10.25040/ntsh2024.01.01
Truskauskaitė‐Kunevičienė, I., Kvedaraitė, M., Brailovskaia, J., Kazlauskas, E., & Margraf, J. (2026) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70169
Regnoli, G. M., Parola, A., Zammitti, A., & Rosa, B. D. (2026) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe16080114
Digital media engagement and its relationship with depression severity
Syed, A., Preiss, M., Grygarová, D., Podaná, Z., & Horáček, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1926446
- Authors
- Mottola, F., Gnisci, A., Kalaitzaki, A., Vintilă, M., & Sergi, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Hellenic Mediterranean University (GR)
- West University of Timişoara (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Gnisci, Augusto
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2023-05-26
- Volume
- 14
- Pages
- 1154502-1154502
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10250742
- OpenAlex
- W4378385451
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alere
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- Russian invasion of Ukraine, mental health, stress, anxiety, depression, COVID-19 pandemic, posttraumatic growth, risk and protective factors, moderators, healthcare workers, chronic disease, Italian population
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