Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women.

Hobfoll, Stevan E.; Johnson, Robert J.; Ennis, Nicole; Jackson, Anita P.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.632

Cited by 1,381Health disparities and outcomesResilience and Mental HealthPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women.

Hobfoll, Stevan E., Johnson, Robert J., Ennis, Nicole, Jackson, Anita P.·2003·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.632

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Abstract

The authors examined a dynamic conceptualization of stress by investigating how economic stress, measured in terms of material loss, alters women's personal and social resources and how these changed resources impact anger and depressive mood. Resource change in women's mastery and social support over 9 months was significantly associated with changes in depressive mood and anger among 714 inner city women. Greater loss of mastery and social support was associated with increased depressive mood and anger. Loss of mastery and social support also mediated the impact of material loss on depressive mood and anger. Resource loss and worsening economic circumstances had more negative impact than resource gain and improving economic circumstances had positive impact, suggesting the greater saliency of loss than gain.

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Gallo, L. C., Bogart, L. M., Vranceanu, A., & Matthews, K. A. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.2.386 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Challenge versus hindrance job demands and well‐being: A diary study on the moderating role of job resources
Tadić, M., Bakker, A. B., & Oerlemans, W. G. M. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12094 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Cross‐lagged associations between perceived external employability, job insecurity, and exhaustion: Testing gain and loss spirals according to the Conservation of Resources Theory
Cuyper, N. D., Mäkikangas, A., Kinnunen, U. M., Mauno, S., & Witte, H. D. (2012) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.1800 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Work Engagement. What Do We Know and Where Do We Go
Schaufeli, W. B. (2012) · Lirias · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Labeling and Stigma
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_25 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Work Engagement Among Employees Facing Emotional Demands
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., & Fischbach, A. (2013) · Journal of Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1027/1866-5888/a000085 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
We Need a Hero! Toward a Validation of the Healthy and Resilient Organization (HERO) Model
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., Cifré, E., & Martínez, I. M. (2012) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601112470405 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
The impact of workplace ostracism in service organizations
Leung, A. S. M., Wu, L., Chen, Y., & Young, M. N. (2011) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.01.004 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra‐role performance behaviors
Eldor, L., & Harpaz, I. (2015) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2037 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Staying engaged during the week: The effect of off-job activities on next day work engagement.
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029213 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
The value co-destruction process: a customer resource perspective
Smith, A. M. (2013) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-08-2011-0420 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
“Conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002; Hobfoll et al., 2003) is drawn upon to empirically examine the nature of customer resources, the process involved and the impact on well-being.”
BackgroundInfluential
Job demands–resources model in the context of recovery: Testing recovery experiences as mediators
Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., Siltaloppi, M., & Sonnentag, S. (2011) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2010.524411 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
“Personal resources refer to individuals' sense of their ability to control and impact upon their environment successfully (Hobfoll, Johnson, Ennis, & Jackson, 2003 ).”
Background
Creativity and charisma among female leaders: the role of resources and work engagement
Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.751438 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
“used the conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll et al. 2003) to argue that autonomy, social support, supervisory coaching and opportunities for development influence work engagement through personal resources.”
BackgroundMethod
A three-wave study of job resources, self-efficacy, and work engagement among Italian schoolteachers
Simbula, S., Guglielmi, D., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320903513916 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
“An important recent extension of the JD-R model is the inclusion of personal resources as well, which are those aspects of the self linked with resilience, and they concern the perception of individuals that they can successfully control and impact upon their environment (Hobfoll, Johnson, Ennis, & Jackson, 2003 ).”
Factors predicting Registered Nurses’ intentions to leave their organization and profession: A job demands‐resources framework
Moloney, W., Boxall, P., Parsons, M., & Cheung, G. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13497 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Expanding the Science of Resilience: Conserving Resources in the Aid of Adaptation
Hobfoll, S. E., Stevens, N. R., & Zalta, A. K. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.1002377 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“Research studies have shown that resource loss is a stronger predictor of psychological outcomes than resource gains in a variety of samples including pregnant women (Wells et al., 1999), inner city women (Hobfoll et al., 2003), and survivors of Hurricane Katrina (Zwiebach et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Self-efficacy, emotions and work engagement among teachers: a two wave cross-lagged analysis.
Burić, I., & Macuka, I. (2018) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9903-9 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Developing an Agenda for Translational Studies of Resilience and Vulnerability Following Trauma Exposure
YEHUDA, R., FLORY, J. D., SOUTHWICK, S., & CHARNEY, D. S. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1364.028 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach
Gawke, J. C. L., Gorgievski, M. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2017) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
“First, personal resources represent a set of characteristics that form an individual's self-beliefs of his or her ability to control and impact upon the environment (Hobfoll et al., 2003).”
Background
Antecedents of academic performance of university students: academic engagement and psychological capital resources
Martínez, I. M., Youssef‐Morgan, C. M., Chambel, M. J., & Pinto, A. M. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2019.1623382 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
“…resilient individuals capitalize on their personal, social and psychological assets, synergistically deploying them toward effective adaptation patterns and processes in order to overcome adversities or risk factors (Hobfoll, Johnson, Ennis, & Jackson, 2003; Masten, Cutuli, Herbers, & Reed, 2009).”
Background
Socioeconomic status and well-being during COVID-19: A resource-based examination.
Wanberg, C. R., Csillag, B., Douglass, R. P., Zhou, L., & Pollard, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000831 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Personal Resources and Work Engagement in the Face of Change
van den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470661550.ch7 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Work engagement as mediator between job characteristics and positive and negative extra‐role behaviors
Șulea, C., Vîrgă, D., Maricutoiu, L. P., Schaufeli, W. B., Dumitru, C. Z., & Sava, F. A. (2012) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/13620431211241054 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
“…was extended by Xanthopoulou et al. (2007) by including personal resources (e.g. optimism), that are considered aspects of the self that generally linked to resiliency and refer to individuals’ sense of their ability to control and impact upon their environment successfully (Hobfoll et al., 2003).”
Background
Emotional Exhaustion and Job Performance: The Moderating Roles of Distributive Justice and Positive Affect
Janssen, O., Lam, C. K., & Huang, X. (2010) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.614 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Flow at Work: a Self-Determination Perspective
Bakker, A. B., & van Woerkom, M. (2017) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-017-0003-3 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“Personal resources are positive self-evaluations that are linked to resiliency and refer to individuals’ sense of their ability to control and impact their environments successfully (Hobfoll et al. 2003).”
Background
The gain spiral of resources and work engagement: Sustaining a positive worklife
Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203853047-13 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
La teoría de las demandas y los recursos laborales
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2013) · Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.5093/tr2013a16 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Breaking through the loss cycle of burnout: The role of motivation
ten Brummelhuis, L. L., ter Hoeven, C. L., Bakker, A. B., & Peper, B. (2011) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02019.x · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Emotional labor demands and compensating wage differentials.
Glomb, T. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Rotundo, M. (2004) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.700 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“Occupational-level data are consistent with Hochschild’s (1983) seminal research on emotional labor, which classifies occupations on the basis of their emotional labor demands, and are consistent with conceptualizations of job characteristics and demands, which are traditionally understood at the occupational level (H…”
Result
Depression as a systemic syndrome: mapping the feedback loops of major depressive disorder
Wittenborn, A. K., Rahmandad, H., Rick, J., & Hosseinichimeh, N. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002044 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“Financial stress can produce negative affect and problematic behavioral responses that increase economic adversity and reinforce negative mental models (Hobfoll et al. 2003).”
Background
Student engagement and performance: A weekly diary study on the role of openness
Bakker, A. B., Sanz‐Vergel, A. I., & Kuntze, J. (2014) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9422-5 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“ment (Hobfoll et al. 2003).”
Impact of personal and social resources on parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Zaidman‐Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., Smith, I. M., Szatmári, P., Bryson, S. E., Fombonne, E. J., Volden, J., Waddell, C., et al. (2016) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361316633033 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“Overall, the impact of changes in resources on mothers’ parenting stress emphasizes the importance of incorporating resource loss or resource gain (Hobfoll et al., 2003) as a central mechanism contributing to parenting stress.”
Background
Are job and personal resources associated with work ability 10 years later? The mediating role of work engagement
Airila, A., Hakanen, J., Schaufeli, W. B., Luukkonen, R. A., Punakallio, A., & Lusa, S. (2014) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2013.872208 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
The longitudinal impact of a job crafting intervention
van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2016) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2016.1224233 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Teachers’ perceived autonomy support and adaptability: An investigation employing the job demands-resources model as relevant to workplace exhaustion, disengagement, and commitment
Collie, R. J., Granziera, H., & Martin, A. J. (2018) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2018.04.015 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Work engagement accumulation of task, social, personal resources: A three-wave structural equation model
Weigl, M., Hornung, S., Parker, S. K., Petru, R., Glaser, J., & Angerer, P. (2010) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.03.002 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Threat to Life and Risk-Taking Behaviors: A Review of Empirical Findings and Explanatory Models
Ben‐Zur, H., & Zeidner, M. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868308330104 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Building engagement in the workplace
Bakker, A. B. (2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203971611-14 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
The role of career competencies in the Job Demands — Resources model
Akkermans, J., Schaufeli, W. B., Brenninkmeijer, V., & Blonk, R. W. B. (2013) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.011 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
How High‐Commitment HRM Relates to Engagement and Commitment: The Moderating Role of Task Proficiency
Boon, C. T., & Kalshoven, K. (2014) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21569 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in a Community Sample of Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence
Nathanson, A. M., Shorey, R. C., Tirone, V., & Rhatigan, D. L. (2012) · Partner Abuse · doi:10.1891/1946-6560.3.1.59 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
When does proactivity have a cost? Motivation at work moderates the effects of proactive work behavior on employee job strain
Strauss, K., Parker, S. K., & O’Shea, D. E. (2017) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.001 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“Such arguments draw on conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) which proposes that individuals are motivated to accumulate and protect resources, and that resource loss can lead to strain (Hobfoll, Johnson, Ennis, & Jackson, 2003).”
Psychological factors associated with financial hardship and mental health: A systematic review
Frankham, C., Richardson, T. H., & Maguire, N. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101832 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
A diary study on the happy worker: How job resources relate to positive emotions and personal resources
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2011) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2011.584386 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
“Personal resources concern individuals' sense of their ability to control their environment successfully (Hobfoll, Johnson, Ennis, & Jackson, 2003 ).”
Background
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Depression: The Roles of Social Support and Meeting Basic Needs.
Plant, E. A., & Sachs‐Ericsson, N. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.1.41 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Psychosocial Determinants of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Cancer Screening Participation: A Conceptual Framework
von Wagner, C., Good, A., Whitaker, K. L., & Wardle, J. (2011) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxq018 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Economic stress among low‐income women with cancer
Ell, K., Xie, B., Wells, A., Nedjat‐Haiem, F. R., Lee, P., & Vourlekis, B. S. (2007) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23203 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
About the Dark and Bright Sides of Self-efficacy: Workaholism and Work Engagement
Líbano, M. D., Llorens, S., Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38883 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Enhancing well-being at work: The role of emotion regulation skills as personal resources.
Buruck, G., Dörfel, D., Kügler, J., & Brom, S. S. (2016) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000023 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
9/11 and New York City Firefighters' Post Hoc Unit Support and Control Climates: A Context Theory of the Consequences of Involvement in Traumatic Work-Related Events
Bacharach, S. B., & Bamberger, P. A. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.26279180 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“…tend to adopt less efficient or maladaptive loss-control strategies, resulting in the emergence of loss spirals, or patterns of increasingly more rapid depletion of the resources needed to offset stress, improve one’s condition, and reduce future stress vulnerability (Hobfoll et al., 2003: 633).”
Background
Exploring antecedents and consequences of job crafting
Kim, H., Im, J., & Qu, H. (2018) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.014 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Understanding teacher wellbeing through job demands-resources theory
Granziera, H., Collie, R., & Martin, A. (2021) · Cultivating Teacher Resilience · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5963-1_14 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF AFFECT AND LEADERSHIP DURING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
Seo, M., Taylor, M. S., Hill, N. S., Zhang, X., Tesluk, P. E., & Lorinkova, N. (2012) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01240.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Job demands-resources and conservation of resources theories: How do they help to explain employee well-being and future job design?
Demerouti, E. (2025) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115296 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
A test of a job demands-resources intervention
van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2016) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-03-2014-0086 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
“Influencing personal resources Personal resources have been defined as aspects of the self that are commonly associated with resiliency and individuals’ sense of ability to control and impact upon their environment successfully (Hobfoll et al., 2003).”
Background
Compassion organizing: Employees' satisfaction with corporate philanthropic disaster response and reduced job strain
Watkins, M. B., Ren, R., Umphress, E. E., Boswell, W. R., Triana, M. D. C., & Zardkoohi, A. (2014) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12088 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Computer self-efficacy, learning performance, and the mediating role of learning engagement
Chen, I.-S. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.059 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Where to go from here: Integration and future research on work engagement
Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203853047-17 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
How changes in subjective general health predict future time perspective, and development and generativity motives over the lifespan
Kooij, D. T. A. M., & Voorde, K. V. D. (2011) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.2010.02012.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
From Positive Orientation to Job performance: The Role of Work Engagement and Self-efficacy Beliefs
Alessandri, G., Боргогни, Л., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V., & Consiglio, C. (2014) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9533-4 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“This means that positive self-evaluations, such as those captured by P-OR, fit with the general definition of a basic personal resource which allows people to adapt to or cope with environmental demands and stressors and improve well-being (Hobfoll 2002; Hobfoll et al. 2003; Turner et al. 2004).”
Background
Meaningful work and resilience among teachers: The mediating role of work engagement and job crafting
van Wingerden, J., & Poell, R. F. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222518 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“Resilience, which can be defined as the process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing substantial sources of stress, [5] may enable teachers to control and impact their changing work environment successfully [6].”
Background
Conservation of resources theory and research use in health systems
Alvaro, C., Lyons, R., Warner, G., Hobfoll, S. E., Martens, P. J., Labonté, R., & Brown, E. R. (2010) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-79 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“resources may be more important at different stages of the implementation process than others [84-87].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Do personal resources and strengths use increase work engagement? The effects of a training intervention.
Bakker, A. B., & van Wingerden, J. (2020) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000266 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Impact of enhanced resources on anticipatory stress and adjustment to new information technology: A field-experimental test of conservation of resources theory.
Chen, S., Westman, M., & Eden, D. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015282 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Recovery at Work: Understanding the Restorative Side of "Depleting" Client Interactions
Lilius, J. M. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0458 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Does employees’ spirituality enhance job performance? The mediating roles of intrinsic motivation and job crafting
Moon, T., Youn, N., Hur, W., & Kim, K.-M. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9864-0 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“Personal resources are closely associated with an individual’s resilience and perceived ability to manage his or her environment successfully (Hobfoll et al. 2003).”
BackgroundMethod
Career competencies and job crafting
Plomp, J., Tims, M., Akkermans, J., Khapova, S. N., Jansen, P. G. W., & Bakker, A. B. (2016) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-08-2016-0145 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“To clarify, personal resources are related to resilience and one’s ability to control and influence the environment, including self-esteem, optimism, and self-efficacy (Hobfoll et al., 2003).”
Background
Remote working and employee engagement: a qualitative study of British workers during the pandemic
Adisa, T. A., Ogbonnaya, C. N., & Adekoya, O. D. (2021) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-12-2020-0850 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Connections between academic burnout, resilience, and psychological well‐being in nursing students: A longitudinal study
Rísquez, M. I. R., Izquierdo, M. G., Sabuco‐Tebar, E. D. L. Á., García, C. C., & Ruiz, M. C. S. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13794 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Destructive de-energizing relationships: How thriving buffers their effect on performance.
Gerbasi, A., Porath, C. L., Parker, A., Spreitzer, G., & Cross, R. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000015 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
A lifespan perspective for understanding career self-management and satisfaction: The role of developmental human resource practices and organizational support
Jung, Y., & Takeuchi, N. (2017) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726717715075 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“Personal resources in this research context refer to ‘individuals’ sense of their ability to successfully control and impact their environment’ (Hobfoll et al., 2003: 632).”
Background
Thriving at work as a mediator of the relationship between workplace support and life satisfaction
Zhai, Q., Wang, S., & Weadon, H. (2017) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2017.62 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Examining the linkages between relationship conflict, performance and turnover intentions
Shaukat, R., Yousaf, A., & Sanders, K. (2017) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/ijcma-08-2015-0051 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Money Doesn't Talk, It Swears: How Economic Stress and Resistance Resources Impact Inner‐City Women's Depressive Mood
Ennis, N., Hobfoll, S. E., & Schröder, K. E. E. (2000) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1005183100610 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citation
When it Rains, it Pours: The Greater Impact of Resource Loss Compared to Gain on Psychological Distress
Wells, J. D., Hobfoll, S. E., & Lavin, J. P. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672992512010 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citation
Resource loss, resource gain, and depressive symptoms: A 10-year model.
Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., Holahan, C. K., & Cronkite, R. C. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.77.3.620 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Comparing Men's and Women's Loss of Perceived Social and Work Resources Following Psychological Distress
Bansal, A., Monnier, J., Hobfoll, S. E., & Stone, B. (2000) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407500172006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perceptions of Resource Loss, Depression, and Anxiety in Post-Abused Women
Clair, D. A. (2005) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Authors: Hobfoll, S. E., Johnson, R. J., Ennis, N., & Jackson, A. P.
Affiliations: Kent State University (US)
ORCID: Hobfoll, Stevan E.
Johnson, Robert J.
Ennis, Nicole
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2003
Volume: 84
Issue: 3
Pages: 632-643
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.632
OpenAlex: W1997682147
Cited by: 1,381
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 109 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 49
FWCI: 13.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2006-07-10)
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: financial stress, material loss, resource loss, resource gain, mastery, social support, depressive mood, anger, inner-city women, emotional outcomes, mediation, economic conditions
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Anger, Depression, Female, Humans, Income, Internal-External Control, Models, Psychological, Poverty, Prospective Studies, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, United States, Women, Multivariate Analysis

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Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women.

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