No morning cortisol response in patients with severe global amnesia
Abstract
Activity of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is characterized by a pronounced circadian rhythm. An acute increase in cortisol levels occurs after awakening in the morning with continuously declining levels over the course of the remaining day. The morning cortisol increase probably reflects an activational response of the HPA axis aimed at preparing the body for the day. Some studies found patterns of enhanced or blunted waking cortisol responses observed under chronic stress, burnout, or post traumatic stress disorder. The present study wanted to characterize the morning cortisol response and the circadian cortisol day profile in a sample of six male patients with severe amnesia due to hypoxia, herpes simplex encephalitis or closed head injury. Age and gender matched relatives or friends served as controls. Cortisol was measured from saliva samples collected at home on two consecutive days. The patients were woken up in the morning by their partners or caregivers. The morning cortisol increase typically observed in healthy subjects and also observed in the control group was absent in the amnesic patients. In contrast, a normal circadian day profile was found in the amnesic patients, with a pronounced circadian cortisol decrease. Further studies are needed to understand the neurological or psychological mechanisms leading to a missing morning cortisol response in amnesic patients.
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The cortisol response to awakening is associated with hippocampal integrity such that hippocampal damage predicts lower levels of cortisol in response to awakening.
“We assessed the cortisol response to awakening in the elderly, which has been recently reported to be associated with HC integrity such that HC damage predicts lower levels of cortisol in response to awakening (Buchanan et al., 2004;Wolf et al., 2005).”
From Self-esteem, locus of control, hippocampal volume, and cortisol regulation in young and old adulthood (2005) · cites this paper as Wolf et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Wolf, O. T., Fujiwara, E., Luwinski, G., Kirschbaum, C., & Markowitsch, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wolf, Oliver T.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-105
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115254822
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
- Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- global amnesia, cortisol, circadian rhythm, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypoxia, herpes simplex encephalitis, closed head injury, salivary cortisol
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amnesia, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Orientation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva, Sleep, Space Perception, Time Perception, Wakefulness, Area Under Curve
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