Linking testosterone and antisocial behavior in at-risk transitional aged youth: Contextual effects of parentification
Abstract
Parentification refers to parents bestowing adult-like roles on children within families, and studies have linked parentification to individual differences in risk and resilience. The depth of our understanding of the pathways that translate parentification into risk for negative developmental outcomes remains shallow. This study examined whether parentification has a contextual effect moderating the expression of links between testosterone and antisocial behavior. Eighty-three participants (M age = 21.37 years, SD = 1.87; 48% Black; 60% female) were interviewed initially and one year later. Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview methods were used to measure parentification and antisocial behavior. Saliva was sampled on multiple occasions and later assayed for testosterone. Results revealed, for both sexes, testosterone was positively associated with antisocial behavior at baseline and at follow-up when participants scored low on perceived benefits of parentification. This relationship became weaker as levels of perceived benefits of parentification increased. At the highest levels of perceived benefits of parentification, testosterone and antisocial behavior were inversely related. The findings suggest a potentially important role for perceptions of parentification as a moderator for the expression of hormone-behavior relationships and are discussed in terms of implications for the biosocial model of the family.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Role-based parentification was studied only in one study and was not linked with antisocial behavior.
“Role-based parentification was studied only in one study and was not linked with antisocial behavior [53].”
From Parentification Vulnerability, Reactivity, Resilience, and Thriving: A Mixed Methods Systematic Literature Review (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
Cites
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127 · see citing works
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00108-7 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
Beyond diathesis stress: differential susceptibility to environmental influences
Belsky, J., & Pluess, M. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0017376 · Cited by 3,039 · see citing works
Hayes, A. F., & Matthes, J. (2009) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.41.3.924 · Cited by 2,452 · see citing works
Sensation seeking. Beyond the optimal level of arousal
Eysenck, H. J. (1980) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(80)90044-6 · Cited by 2,296 · see citing works
Testosterone and dominance in men
Mazur, A., & Booth, A. (1998) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x98001228 · Cited by 1,447 · see citing works
Farrington, D. P. (1986) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/449114 · Cited by 1,274 · see citing works
Testosterone and human aggression: an evaluation of the challenge hypothesis
Archer, J. E. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.007 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Integrating Family Resilience and Family Stress Theory
Patterson, J. M. (2002) · Journal of Marriage and Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00349.x · Cited by 1,178 · see citing works
Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst
Ball, G. F. (2017) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.09.025 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
The Johnson-Neyman Technique, its Theory and Application
Johnson, P. O., & Fay, L. C. (1950) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288864 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
The role of testosterone in social interaction
Eisenegger, C., Haushofer, J., & Fehr, E. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.04.008 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Longitudinal evidence that fatherhood decreases testosterone in human males
Gettler, L. T., McDade, T. W., Feranil, A. B., & Kuzawa, C. W. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1105403108 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Childhood Adultification in Economically Disadvantaged Families: A Conceptual Model
Burton, L. (2007) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00463.x · Cited by 438 · see citing works
The relationship between testosterone and aggression: a meta-analysis
Book, A. S., Starzyk, K. B., & Quinsey, V. L. (2001) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(00)00032-x · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour
Eisenegger, C., Naef, M., Snozzi, R., Heinrichs, M., & Fehr, E. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08711 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
The “trouble” with salivary testosterone
Granger, D. A., Shirtcliff, E. A., Booth, A., Kivlighan, K. T., & Schwartz, E. B. (2004) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.02.005 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Self-citationTestosterone, Social Class, and Antisocial Behavior in a Sample of 4,462 Men
Dabbs, J. M., & Morris, R. (1990) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00200.x · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Hormones and Aggressive Behavior
(1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3521-4 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
The SAGE Handbook of Quantitative Methods in Psychology
Millsap, R. E., & Maydeu‐Olivares, A. (2009) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9780857020994 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
The Effect of Male Hormone on Aggressive Behavior in Mice
Beeman, E. A. (1947) · Physiological Zoology · doi:10.1086/physzool.20.4.30151969 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Testosterone and Men's Marriages
BOOTH, A. R., & Dabbs, J. M. (1993) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/72.2.463 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Marriage, Divorce, and Male Testosterone
Mazur, A., & Michalek, J. E. (1998) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/77.1.315 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Carré, J. M., & Olmstead, N. A. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.029 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Hormones and aggressive behavior
Haug, M. (1984) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(84)90053-8 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Rowe, R., Maughan, B., Worthman, C. M., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. C. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.010 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Testosterone, crime, and misbehavior among 692 male prison inmates
Dabbs, J. M., Carr, T. S., Frady, R. L., & Riad, J. K. (1995) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)00177-t · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Hooper, L. M., Marotta, S. A., & Lanthier, R. P. (2008) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-007-9184-8 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Age, Testosterone, and Behavior Among Female Prison Inmates
Dabbs, J. M., & Hargrove, M. F. (1997) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199709000-00003 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Testosterone and aggression: A reanalysis of Book, Starzyk, and Quinsey's (2001) study
Archer, J. E., Graham‐Kevan, N., & Davies, M. (2004) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2004.01.001 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Lost Childhoods: The Plight of the Parentified Child
Greenberg, R., & Jurkovic, G. J. (1999) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/585689 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Parentification and Its Impact on Adolescent Children of Parents with AIDS
STEIN, J. A., RIEDEL, M., & ROTHERAM‐BORUS, M. J. (1999) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1999.00193.x · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Testosterone and Men's Marriages
BOOTH, A. R., & Dabbs, J. M. (1993) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2579857 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst
Sapolsky, R. M. (2017) · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The significance of children fulfilling parental roles: implications for family therapy
Byng‐Hall, J. (2008) · Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00423.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Modification of the Social Order in Flocks of Hens by the Injection of Testosterone Propionate
Allee, W. C., Collias, N. E., & Lutherman, C. Z. (1939) · Physiological Zoology · doi:10.1086/physzool.12.4.30151519 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Reconstructions of family relationships: Parent-child alliances, personal distress, and self-esteem.
Jacobvitz, D. B., & Bush, N. F. (1996) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.4.732 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Testosterone and child and adolescent adjustment: The moderating role of parent-child relationships.
BOOTH, A. R., Johnson, D. R., Granger, D. A., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2002) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.39.1.85 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationTestosterone and child and adolescent adjustment: The moderating role of parent-child relationships.
BOOTH, A. R., Johnson, D. R., Granger, D. A., et al. (2003) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.1.85 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationResilient and Stress-Affected Adolescents in an Urban Setting
D'Imperio, R. L., Dubow, E. F., & Ippolito, M. F. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2901_13 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Biosocial Perspectives on the Family
BOOTH, A. R., Carver, K. P., & Granger, D. A. (2000) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01018.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE INFLUENCE OF TESTOSTERONE ON DEVIANCE IN ADULTHOOD: ASSESSING AND EXPLAINING THE RELATIONSHIP*
BOOTH, A. R., & Osgood, D. W. (1993) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01123.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Transitional Aged Youth: A New Frontier in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Wilens, T. E., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.04.020 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Impact of Parentification on Long-Term Outcomes Among Children of Parents With HIV/AIDS
STEIN, J. A., ROTHERAM‐BORUS, M. J., & LESTER, P. (2007) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2007.00214.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Biosocial models of deviant behavior among male army veterans
Mazur, A. (1995) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(95)05138-4 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Carré, J. M., Gilchrist, J. D., Morrissey, M. D., & McCormick, C. M. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.04.001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Van Loon, L. M. A., Van de Ven, M. O. M., Van Doesum, K. T. M., Hosman, C. M. H., & Witteman, C. L. M. (2017) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12165 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Biosocial Influences on the Family: A Decade Review
D'Onofrio, B. M., & Lahey, B. B. (2010) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00729.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2015
Barton, J. E., Braxton, J. R., Davis, D. W., de Voux, A., Flagg, E. W., Grier, L., Harvey, A., Kidd, S., Kirkcaldy, R. D., Kreisel, K. M., et al. (2016) · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Lost Childhoods: The Plight of the Parentified Child
Licamele, W. L. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199808000-00024 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Testosterone and ruthless homicide
Dabbs, J. M., Riad, J. K., & Chance, S. E. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00164-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Macfie, J., Houts, R. M., McElwain, N. L., & Cox, M. J. (2005) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2005.00314.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Liu, S. (2014) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-014-9225-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sang, J., Cederbaum, J. A., & Hurlburt, M. S. (2014) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12038 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Re-examining the issues: A response to Archer et al.
Book, A. S., & Quinsey, V. L. (2005) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2005.01.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fang, C. Y., Egleston, B. L., Brown, K. M., Lavigne, J. V., Stevens, V. J., BARTON, B. A., Chandler, D. W., & Dorgan, J. F. (2009) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.018 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Testosterone and Proactive-Reactive Aggression in Youth: the Moderating Role of Harsh Discipline
Chen, F. R., Raine, A., & Granger, D. A. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0399-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHooper, L. M., Doehler, K., Wallace, S. A., & Hannah, N. J. (2011) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t67820-000 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 59 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dariotis, J. K., Chen, F. R., Park, Y. R., Nowak, M. K., French, K. M., & Codamon, A. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20136197 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Role-based parentification was studied only in one study and was not linked with antisocial behavior [53].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRodriguez, C. M., Granger, D. A., & Leerkes, E. M. (2020) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559520930819 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationParentification in Polish Adolescents: a Prevalence Study
Borchet, J., Hooper, L. M., Tomek, S. E., Schneider, W. S., & Dębski, M. (2021) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-021-00411-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Context and Timing Matter: Language Brokering, Stress, and Physical Health
Guan, S. A., Weisskirch, R. S., & Lazarevic, V. (2020) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-020-00989-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hormonal Mechanisms of In-Pair Mating and Maintenance
Denes, A., Crowley, J. P., & Dhillon, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197524718.013.13 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Guan, M., Ma, L., Zhu, Y., Liao, Y., Zeng, L., Wu, S., Men, K., & Liu, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.925322 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rodzicielstwo w cyklu życia rodziny
Bakiera, L. T. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial01 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
(Nie)dostępność edukacji okołoporodowej dla mężczyzn w miastach wojewódzkich Polski
Janowicz, K. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial04 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Envisioning the Future of Salivary Bioscience
Granger, D. A., Zalta, A. K., & Taylor, M. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35784-9_31 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationParentyfikacja w grupie polskich adolescentów – implikacje dla badaczy i praktyków
Borchet, J. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Znaczenie funkcji rodzica zastępczego dla poczucia sensu życia w starości
Olszewski, H., Kardaś-Grodzicka, E., & Lemke-Dombrowska, A. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial07 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kornacka-Skwara, E., Napora, E. W., Kielińska, J., Cabanová, V., & Kocourková, V. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rodzina w cyklu życia – rozwój, zmiana, kryzysy
(2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nowe związki uczuciowe osób w okresie późnej dorosłości
Finogenow, M. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial20
Zawadzka, A. M., Iwanowska, M., Lewandowska-Walter, A., & Kondratowicz, B. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial10
Borecka-Biernat, D. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial11
Niepełnosprawność dziecka w percepcji rodziców – znaczenie empatii
Murawska, N., & Kaźmierczak, M. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial18
Gałuszka, A. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial12
Mazurek, E., Kalus, A. M., Kupis, K., & Puszcz, P. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial15
Zaangażowanie w bliski związek a zdrowie psychiczne kobiet zajmujących stanowiska kierownicze
Janicka, I. L., & Walęcka-Matyja, K. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial19
Zbrońska, A., & Błażek, M. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial17
Samoocena kobiet leczonych na niepłodność a ich postrzeganie adopcji
Kruk-Rogucka, M. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial06
Rodzina z wyłaniającym się dorosłym
Smykowski, B. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial08
Młodzież z Ukrainy – na drodze do adaptacji
Ptak, A. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial14
Transpłciowość adolescentów w perspektywie rodziców
Smolorz-Roksela, K. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial09
Kaźmierczak, M., Michałek-Kwiecień, J., & Kiełbratowska, B. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial03
Appelt, K., & Mrozińska, A. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial02
Kaźmierczak, M., & Lewandowska-Walter, A. (2023) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487638.rozdzial00
- Authors
- Chen, F. R., Dariotis, J. K., & Granger, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Frances R.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 91
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2791920501
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2023: 24 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes on Drug Abuse (K01DA029571)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- parentification, testosterone, antisocial behavior, hormone-behavior relationship, transitional-aged youth, at-risk youth, saliva testosterone
- MeSH terms
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Saliva, Testosterone, Parenting, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
