Parentification, Stress, and Problem Behavior of Adolescents who have a Parent with Mental Health Problems
Abstract
When adolescents live with a parent with mental illness, they often partly take over the parental role. Little is known about the consequences of this so-called parentification on the adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. This survey study examined this effect cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample of 118 adolescents living with a parent suffering from mental health problems. In addition, the study examined a possible indirect effect via perceived stress. Path analyses were used to examine the direct associations between parentification and problem behavior as well as the indirect relations via perceived stress. The results showed that parentification was associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems cross-sectionally, but it predicted only internalizing problems 1 year later. An indirect effect of parentification on adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems via perceived stress was found, albeit only cross-sectionally. These findings imply that parentification can be stressful for adolescents who live with a parent with mental health problems, and that a greater awareness of parentification is needed to prevent adolescents from developing internalizing problems.
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Most quantitative studies were cross-sectional, and only six were longitudinal.
“Most quantitative studies were cross-sectional and only six [19,70,80,92,95,104] were longitudinal studies.”
From Parentification Vulnerability, Reactivity, Resilience, and Thriving: A Mixed Methods Systematic Literature Review (2023) · cites this paper as [104]
Parentification as an overall construct was positively linked with externalizing problems in four studies, yet an almost equal number of studies (n = 3) found null results.
“Parentification as an overall construct was positively linked with externalizing problems in four studies [77,82,95,104], yet an almost equal number of studies (n = 3) found null results [76,113,161].”
From Parentification Vulnerability, Reactivity, Resilience, and Thriving: A Mixed Methods Systematic Literature Review (2023) · cites this paper as [104]
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- Authors
- Van Loon, L. M. A., Van de Ven, M. O. M., Van Doesum, K. T. M., Hosman, C. M. H., & Witteman, C. L. M.
- Affiliations
- Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Venue
- Family Process
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-07-24
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-153
- ISSN
- 0014-7370 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-5300
- OpenAlex
- W1957250827
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 12.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Family Process (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Family Support in Illness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- parentification, adolescents, parental mental illness, perceived stress, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, adolescent behavior problems, indirect effects, family caregiving
- MeSH terms
- Problem Behavior, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Stress, Psychological, Child of Impaired Parents, Parenting
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