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Cited by 43Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchFamily and Disability Support ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

First-degree relatives of young children with autism spectrum disorders: Some gender aspects

Eriksson, Mats Anders, Westerlund, Joakim, Anderlid, Britt Marie, Gillberg, Christopher, Fernell, Elisabeth·2012·Research in Developmental Disabilities
DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.025
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Abstract

Prenatal risk factors, with special focus on gender distribution of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions were analysed in first-degree relatives in a population-based group of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Multiple information sources were combined. This group was contrasted with the general population regarding data from the Swedish Medical Birth register. In the ASD group, information was also obtained at parental interviews focusing on developmental and psychiatric disorders in the family. Compared to the general population, fathers of children with ASD were older and parents more often of non-European origin. Mothers of children with ASD had an increased rate of antidepressant and psychoactive medication use, and of scheduled caesarean sections. Fathers and brothers of children with ASD had high rates of ASD including the broader phenotype. Mothers of children with ASD had high rates of depression and other psychiatric disorders. These findings, hypothetically, could reflect a different ASD phenotype and difficulties diagnosing ASD in females or be an example of the close genetic relation between ASD and other psychiatric disorders. The results suggest that, in clinical and research settings, the familial background in ASD should be reviewed with a broader approach, and not be restricted to "looking out" only for diagnoses and symptoms traditionally accepted as being part of or typical of ASD. The high rate of parents of non-European origin has been noted in many Swedish studies of ASD, but the reason for this association, remains unclear.

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Authors
Eriksson, M. A., Westerlund, J., Anderlid, B. M., Gillberg, C., & Fernell, E.
Affiliations
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Stockholm University (SE)
  • University of Gothenburg (SE)
Corresponding author
Eriksson, Mats Anders
ORCID
Venue
Research in Developmental Disabilities
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-09
Volume
33
Issue
5
Pages
1642-1648
ISSN
0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.025
OpenAlex
W2015494798
Cited by
43
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
FWCI
2.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Karolinska Institutet
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, first-degree relatives, gender differences, prenatal risk factors, maternal depression, psychiatric comorbidity, cesarean section, parental age
MeSH terms
Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Cesarean Section, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Dyslexia, Family, Family Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Language Disorders, Male, Intellectual Disability, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Emigrants and Immigrants, Young Adult

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