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Dryland changes under different levels of global warming
Abstract
Drylands are vital ecosystems which cover almost 47% of the Earth's surface, hosting 39% of the global population. Dryland areas are highly sensitive to climatic changes and substantial impacts are foreseen under a warming climate. Many studies have examined the evolution of drylands in the future highlighting the need for improved capability of climate models to simulate aridity. The present study takes advantage of new higher resolution climate projections by the HadGEM3A Atmosphere Global Climate Model using prescribed time varying SSTs and sea ice, provided by a range of CMIP5 climate models under RCP8.5. The aim of the higher resolution models is to examine the benefit of the improved representation of atmospheric processes in the dryland research and to see where these results lie in the range of results from previous studies using the original CMIP5 ensemble. The transient response of aridity from the recent past until the end of the 21st century was examined as well as the expansion of global drylands under specific levels of global warming (1.5 °C, 2 °C and 4 °C). Dryland changes were further assessed at the watershed level for a number of major global river basins to discuss implications on hydrological changes and land degradation. The areal coverage of drylands could increase by an additional 7% of the global land surface by 2100 under high end climate change. At a 4 °C warmer world above pre-industrial, 11.2% of global land area is projected to shift towards drie…
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“30% of the approximately 46% (±0.8%) of the global land area defined as drylands are grassy ecosystems (22)(23)(24).”
From Restoring Degraded Lands (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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“Temperature and evapotranspiration (precipitation) in these areas are expected to increase (decrease) as a result of climate change, leading to an increase in drylands of up to 7% by 2100 (Koutroulis 2019).”
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Daud, S., Hamidi, M. A., Mamat, R., & Kumar, S. (2021) · International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering · doi:10.30534/ijatcse/2021/141062021
“This situation leads to global warming [9-13].”
Arosio, M. (2018) · doi:10.5194/hess-2017-591-ac2
Yıldırım, H., Ishida, K., & Ercan, A. (2026) · Atmospheric research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108874
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Metadata
- Authors
- Koutroulis, A. G.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Crete (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Koutroulis, Aristeidis G.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 655
- Pages
- 482-511
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2901145303
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 11.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Seventh Framework Programme (603864)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- arid regions, aridity, global warming, climate change projections, CMIP5, RCP8.5, dryland expansion, land degradation, river basins, hydrological change, 1.5°C target, climate model resolution
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