Concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in estuarine systems can vary greatly within tidal cycles
Open accessAbstract
Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances are currently of concern due to their widespread occurrence, resistance to degradation and potential toxicity. Major efforts are underway worldwide to assess environmental concentrations of PFAS, but most monitoring is done at a single time point. Little consideration is given to how such concentrations might vary over time. In this study, the concentrations of 44 PFAS were measured hourly over 24 h (two tidal cycles) in three estuaries in Victoria, Australia. The most prevalent compound was PFHxS at a maximum concentration of 72.3 ng/L. Concentrations of ΣPFAS showed between four- and seven-fold differences during the 24-hour sampling period. Environmental measurements showed this was likely due to seawater diluting the concentration of PFAS in the estuary during tidal influxes. Randomly timed grab samples thus have a high risk of mischaracterising the true range of concentrations of PFAS in estuarine systems and/or underestimating the highest concentration present, which may result in an underestimation of risk to such systems.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hydrologic variability such as tidal movements, precipitation, and baseflow fluctuations can create a dynamic adsorption, desorption, and partitioning cycle influencing PFAS transport, dilution, and sediment mobilization.
“Hydrologic variability such as tidal movements, precipitation, and baseflow fluctuations can create a dynamic adsorption, desorption, and partitioning cycle to further influence PFAS transport, dilution, and sediment mobilization.”
From Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water and Fluvial Sediments of a Rural Gulf Coast Watershed: A Year-long Spatiotemporal Assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
In Victoria, Australia, PFAS concentrations had a clear inverse relationship with tidal height.
“PFAS concentrations in Victoria, Australia had a clear, inverse relationship with tidal height”
From Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water and Fluvial Sediments of a Rural Gulf Coast Watershed: A Year-long Spatiotemporal Assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
In the Jiulong River estuary, PFAS fluxes were inconsistent and varied by analyte.
“while in the Jiulong River estuary, PFAS fluxes were inconsistent and varied by analyte.20,56”
From Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water and Fluvial Sediments of a Rural Gulf Coast Watershed: A Year-long Spatiotemporal Assessment (2026) · cites this paper as [20]
Cites
Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641 · see citing works
PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites
Brusseau, M. L., Anderson, R. H., & Guo, B. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140017 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
A New OECD Definition for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Wang, Z., Buser, A. M., Cousins, I. T., Demattio, S., Drost, W., Johansson, O., Ohno, K., Patlewicz, G., Richard, A. M., Walker, G. W., et al. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06896 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in PubChem: 7 Million and Growing
Schymanski, E., Zhang, J., Thiessen, P. A., Chirsir, P., Kondić, T., & Bolton, E. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c04855 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Hepburn, E., Madden, C., Szabo, D., Coggan, T. L., Clarke, B., & Currell, M. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.018 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat are the effects of PFAS exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations?
Sinclair, G. M., Long, S. M., & Jones, O. A. H. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127340 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationJeon, J., Kannan, K., Lim, B. J., An, K. G., & Kim, S. D. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/c0em00791a · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Gebbink, W. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. J. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105583 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Szabo, D., Coggan, T. L., Robson, T. C., Currell, M., & Clarke, B. O. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.048 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationCoggan, T. L., Anumol, T., Pyke, J., Shimeta, J., & Clarke, B. O. (2019) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-019-01829-8 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationA review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies reveals common biochemical response pathways
Beale, D. J., Sinclair, G. M., Shah, R., Paten, A. M., Kumar, A., Long, S. M., Vardy, S., & Jones, O. A. H. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157255 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationPerfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China
Zhao, Z., Tang, J., Xie, Z., Chen, Y., Pan, X., Zhong, G., Sturm, R., Zhang, G., & Ebinghaus, R. (2013) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.095 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl/polyfluoroalkyl substances: Links to cardiovascular disease risk
Schlezinger, J. J., & Gokce, N. (2024) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.124.323697 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Androulakakis, A., Alygizakis, N. A., Gkotsis, G., Nika, M., Nikolopoulou, V., Bizani, E., Chadwick, E. A., Cincinelli, A., Claßen, D., Danielsson, S., et al. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131775 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Munoz, G., Budzinski, H., Babut, M., Lobry, J., Selleslagh, J., Tapie, N., & Labadie, P. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.281 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Szabo, D., Marchiandi, J., Samandra, S., Johnston, J. M., Mulder, R. A., Green, M. P., & Clarke, B. O. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130854 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
George, S. E., Baker, T. R., & Baker, B. B. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121123 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Oliver, D. P., Navarro, D. A., Baldock, J., Simpson, S. L., & Kookana, R. S. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137263 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Szabo, D., Moodie, D., Green, M. P., Mulder, R. A., & Clarke, B. O. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c01965 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Foord, C. S., Szabo, D., Robb, K., Clarke, B. O., & Nugegoda, D. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168438 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Avellán‐Llaguno, R. D., Liu, X., Dong, S., & Huang, Q. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144584 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sinclair, G. M., Long, S. M., Singh, N., Coggan, T. L., Askeland, M., & Jones, O. A. H. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12111135 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, C., Ma, X.-X., Wang, S.-Q., Li, Q., Cheng, P., Hou, W., Li, Y.-Y., Li, W.-L., & Wang, X.-H. (2024) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177646 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dong, J., Feng, R., Yao, Z., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Yan, D., Cui, Y., Xie, H., Du, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134675 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Does salinity mediate the toxicity of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in an estuarine fish?
Burcham, L. E., Hoskins, T. D., Allmon, E. B., Scherer, M., Bushong, A. G., Hamilton, M. T., Macheri, S., Coogan, G. S. M., Choi, Y. J., Lee, L., et al. (2024) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116446 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Singh, N., Askeland, M., Coggan, T. L., & Jones, O. A. H. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127254 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationEhsan, M. N., Pervez, M. N., Alam, S. M. M., Liang, Y., & Naddeo, V. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.1002/jeq2.70047 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Jin, T., Liu, Y., Tang, J., Shin, H., Sayes, C. M., & Giesy, J. P. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140044 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Awoyemi, O. S., Munyeza, C. F., Sharma, A., Naidu, R., & Fang, C. (2025) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108376 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lei, H., Lü, Y., Wang, P., Wu, T., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Li, J., Sun, B., Wang, C., & An, X. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110163 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Shaffer, K. W., Lee, C., Ye, X., Graffam, M., Paulsen, R. J., McDonough, C. A., Venkatesan, A. K., & Gobler, C. J. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127486 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dunn, M., Juriasingani, P., Arnseth, R., Shabani, A., & Salk, K. R. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.5c00931 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jones, O. A. H., Brindle, A., Sterjovski, M., Al-Mashari, S., Netherway, P., Lewis, P. J., Martin, J., & Currell, M. (2026) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2026.104861 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationEhsan, M. N. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.1002/jeq2.70148 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sinclair, G. M., Green, S. L., Lester, R., Jeppe, K. J., Melvin, S. D., Long, S. M., Jones, O. A. H., & Beale, D. J. (2026) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d6an00140h · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationGu, C., Li, Y., He, T., Li, X.-F., Ding, F., Yin, G.-Y., Yang, J., Li, Y.-S., Yang, Y., Du, G.-Y., et al. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110312 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cunha, M., Díaz, S., Soares, A. M. V. M., Nardi, A., Gil, A. M., & Freitas, R. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142852 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Roark, K. J., Ackerly, K. L., Hladyniuk, R., & Nielsen, K. M. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129169 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ding, X., Feng, S., Zhang, X., ZHAO, W., Song, J., Lin, J., Guo, C., Xu, J., & Gao, Z. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128143 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ackerly, K. L., Walsh, G., Roark, K. J., DiBona, E. R., Osentowski, R., Rivera, T., Lin, L., & Nielsen, K. M. (2026) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2026.125346 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rodriguez, C. A., Schramm, M., Postma, S., McDonald, T. J., Brinkmeyer-Langford, C., & Ma, X. (2026) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.6c00886
Boyd, K. T., Mulabagal, V., Wang, D., Hayworth, J. S., Hoang, T. C., & Stoeckel, J. A. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf290
Subedi, B., Sapkota, R., & Mamun, F. A. (2026) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120361
Singh, N., Askeland, M., Coggan, T. L., Kennedy, D. M., & Jones, O. A. H. (2026) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2026.108348
Self-citation
- Authors
- Singh, N., Paz-Ferreiro, J., Askeland, M. P. J., Coggan, T. L., & Jones, O. A. H.
- Affiliations
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (AU)
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Oliver A.H.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-04
- Volume
- 974
- Pages
- 179196
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4408874477
- Semantic Scholar
- 91e2f36f3960a634bf99faaa04957259d3e9caba
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 7
- FWCI
- 5.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria
- Defence Science Institute
- State Government of Victoria
- RMIT University
- Defence Science and Technology Group
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, estuaries, tidal cycles, temporal variation, seawater dilution, PFHxS, grab sample, environmental monitoring, Victoria, Australia, salinity, particulate matter, electrical conductivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review