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Reduced sleep-associated consolidation of declarative memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Objective Sleep supports the consolidation of declarative memory. Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not only characterized by sleep problems but also by declarative memory deficits. Given that the consolidation of declarative memory during sleep is supported by slow oscillations, which are predominantly generated by the prefrontal cortex, and that ADHD patients display low prefrontal brain activity, we assumed that ADHD patients show reduced sleep-associated consolidation of declarative memory.Methods The impact of sleep on the consolidation of declarative memory was examined with a picture recognition task. Twelve ADHD patients (10-16 years) and 12 healthy controls participated in two experimental conditions: in the sleep condition, learning was performed in the evening and picture recognition was tested after nocturnal sleep; in the wake condition, learning was conducted in the morning while retrieval took place after a day of wakefulness.Results Analyses of recognition accuracy revealed reduced sleep-associated enhancement of recognition accuracy in ADHD. While sleep-associated enhancement of recognition accuracy was correlated with slow oscillation power during non-REM sleep in healthy controls, no such correlations were observed in ADHD.Conclusions These data indicate a deficit in sleep-associated consolidation of declarative memory in ADHD. Moreover, our results suggest reduced functionality of slow oscillations in sleep-associated consolidation of declarative memory in ADHD.
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In the citing paper
“A comparison of healthy children (10 -16 years) with age-matched children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) revealed a superior sleep-dependent benefit for the retention of pictures in the healthy children (948).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [948]
In the citing paper
“Although time in SWS did not differ be- tween the groups, a significant positive correlation between slow oscillation power during non-REM sleep was only observed in the healthy children, possibly reflecting impaired functionality of this rhythm in ADHD children.”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [948]
In the citing paper
“Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been shown to display deficits in sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative memory supposedly due to dysfunctional slow brain rhythms during SWS.”
In the citing paper
“which was associated with dysfunctional SO activity during early non-rapid eye movement sleep [34].”
In the citing paper
“Our previous studies pointed to a reduced frontal brain function as the cause of the impaired memory consolidation during sleep in ADHD [34,36,37].”
In the citing paper
“In our previous studies, we controlled for sleep/wake states and observed deficits in sleep-dependent consolidation of long-term declarative memory (picture recognition) in ADHD.”
In the citing paper
“Most strikingly, reduced memory performance in ADHD after sleep was linked to SO activity during sleep [34,37].”
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Scalia, B., & Wamsley, E. J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323884 · Cited by 1
Learning second/additional languages with ADHD
Ridchenko, M., & Morgan‐Short, K. (2026) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263125101277 · Cited by 1
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Metadata
- Authors
- Prehn-Kristensen, A., Göder, R., Fischer, J., Wilhelm, I., Seeck-Hirschner, M., Aldenhoff, J., & Baving, L.
- Affiliations
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 672-679
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2008888195
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep-dependent memory consolidation, declarative memory, slow oscillations, NREM sleep, prefrontal cortex, image recognition, memory retrieval, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Prefrontal Cortex, Memory, Episodic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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