Cited by 90Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

Assessing cognitive processes related to insomnia: a review and measurement guide for Harvey’s cognitive model for the maintenance of insomnia

Open access
Hiller, Rachel M., Johnston, Anna, Dohnt, Hayley, Lovato, Nicole, Gradisar, Michael·2015·Sleep Medicine Reviews

Abstract

Cognitive processes play an important role in the maintenance, and treatment of sleep difficulties, including insomnia. In 2002, a comprehensive model was proposed by Harvey. Since its inception the model has received >300 citations, and provided researchers and clinicians with a framework for understanding and treating insomnia. The aim of this review is two-fold. First, we review the current literature investigating each factor proposed in Harvey's cognitive model of insomnia. Second, we summarise the psychometric properties of key measures used to assess the model's factors and mechanisms. From these aims, we demonstrate both strengths and limitations of the current knowledge of appropriate measurements associated with the model. This review aims to stimulate and guide future research in this area; and provide an understanding of the resources available to measure, target, and resolve cognitive factors that may maintain chronic insomnia.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.006

Cites

75 of 75 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Borkovec TD. Psuedo (experimental) insomnia and idiopathic (objective) insomnia: Theoretical and therapeutic issues. Ad Behav Res Therapy. 1979;2:27-55.
  2. Hall M, Buysse D, Reynolds 3rd C, Kupfer D, Baum A. Sleep quality predicts symptoms of depression and psychosocial distress in healthy young adults. Sleep Res. 1996;25:162.
  3. Thomsen DK, Mehlsen MY, Christensen S, Zachariae R. Rumination relationship with negative mood and sleep quality. Pers Indiv Diff. 2003; 34: 1293-1301.
  4. Bootzin R, Shoham V, Kuo T. Sleep anticipatory anxiety questionnaire: a measure of anxiety about sleep. Sleep Res. 1994;23:188.
  5. Ree MJ, Harvey AG. Investigating safety behaviours in insomnia: examining the perceived utility of sleep-related safety behaviours. Behav Ther. 2011;42:644-54.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hiller, R. M., Johnston, A., Dohnt, H., Lovato, N., & Gradisar, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Bath (GB)
  • Flinders University (AU)
Corresponding author
Hiller, Rachel M.
Venue
Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-10
Volume
23
Pages
46-53
ISSN
1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2136109809
Cited by
90
References
74
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5
FWCI
0.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath) (acceptedVersion)
  • Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords
insomnia, cognitive processes, psychometric properties, measurement instruments, chronic insomnia, sleep disorders, cognitive factors
MeSH terms
Arousal, Cognition, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Models, Psychological, Stress, Psychological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review