Assessing cognitive processes related to insomnia: a review and measurement guide for Harvey’s cognitive model for the maintenance of insomnia
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Cognitive processes play an important role in the maintenance, and treatment of sleep difficulties, including insomnia. In 2002, a comprehensive model was proposed by Harvey. Since its inception the model has received >300 citations, and provided researchers and clinicians with a framework for understanding and treating insomnia. The aim of this review is two-fold. First, we review the current literature investigating each factor proposed in Harvey's cognitive model of insomnia. Second, we summarise the psychometric properties of key measures used to assess the model's factors and mechanisms. From these aims, we demonstrate both strengths and limitations of the current knowledge of appropriate measurements associated with the model. This review aims to stimulate and guide future research in this area; and provide an understanding of the resources available to measure, target, and resolve cognitive factors that may maintain chronic insomnia.
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An individual's anxiety triggers attention and monitoring of negative emotions, which amplifies adverse consequences and leads to further sleep deprivation, insomnia, and other sleep problems.
“an individual’s anxiety triggers their attention and monitoring of their negative emotions. This amplifies the adverse consequences of anxiety and excessive worry about the adverse effects of insomnia, leading to further sleep deprivation, insomnia, and other sleep problems (Hiller et al., 2015).”
From How relative deprivation affects the sleep quality of Chinese college students: testing an integrated model of social anxiety and trait mindfulness (2023) · cites this paper as Hiller et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Hiller, R. M., Johnston, A., Dohnt, H., Lovato, N., & Gradisar, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bath (GB)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hiller, Rachel M.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 23
- Pages
- 46-53
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136109809
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- purehost.bath.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure (University of Bath) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- insomnia, cognitive processes, psychometric properties, measurement instruments, chronic insomnia, sleep disorders, cognitive factors
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Cognition, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Models, Psychological, Stress, Psychological
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