Reporting of adverse events in cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: A systematic examination of randomised controlled trials
Abstract
Adverse events are undesirable events that can occur during medical or psychological treatment. There has been limited attention to adverse events in psychological treatment trials relative to pharmacotherapy trials. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBTI) is the first line treatment for insomnia but studies have reported potential negative effects during acute implementation. This review aimed to understand the extent to which adverse events are monitored for and reported in the CBTI trial literature. Ninety-nine randomised controlled trials were identified for inclusion, with findings showing that 32.3% (n = 32) of studies addressed adverse events in some way, while only 7.1% (n = 7) of studies met all criteria for adequate reporting of adverse events. For studies that reported on adverse events by group, there did not appear to be consistent differences between trial arms, however the limited evidence-base coupled with marked heterogeneity in monitoring and reporting makes it difficult to draw clear conclusions at this time. We outline recommendations for the field aimed at improving prospective monitoring and reporting of adverse events in psychological/behavioural treatment trials.
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A recent systematic review of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia found that only 32.3% of studies addressed adverse events and 7.1% met criteria for adequate reporting.
“a recent systematic review reporting on adverse events in cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, which found that only 32.3% of studies addressed adverse events in any way, with an even smaller 7.1% of studies meeting criteria for adequate reporting of adverse events (Condon et al., 2021).”
From Systematic review of the safety of mindfulness-based interventions for psychosis (2024) · cites this paper as Condon et al., 2021
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Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: Can we make it work for shift work?
Reynolds, A. C., Kyle, S. D., Sletten, T. L., & Adams, R. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101864 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The noninferiority complex: abrupt versus gradual restriction of time in bed for insomnia disorder
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapies for Insomnia
Morin, C. M., & Kyle, S. D. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197602751.013.19
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- Authors
- Condon, H. E., Maurer, L. F., & Kyle, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kyle, Simon D.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 56
- Pages
- 101412
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3088835659
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, adverse events, adverse event reporting, adverse event monitoring, insomnia treatment, reporting quality, clinical trial design
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Prospective Studies, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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