Neighborhood-level stressors, social support, and diurnal patterns of cortisol: the Chicago Community Adult Health Study
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Neighborhood disadvantage has consistently been linked to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms through which neighborhood environments may get "under the skin" remain largely unknown. Differential exposure to chronic environmental stressors has been identified as a potential pathway linking neighborhood disadvantage and poor health, particularly through the dysregulation of stress-related biological pathways such as cortisol secretion, but the majority of existing observational studies on stress and neuroendocrine functioning have focused exclusively on individual-level stressors and psychosocial characteristics. This paper aims to fill that gap by examining the association between features of the neighborhood environment and the diurnal cortisol patterns of 308 individuals from Chicago, Illinois, USA. We found that respondents in neighborhoods with high levels of perceived and observed stressors or low levels of social support experienced a flatter rate of cortisol decline throughout the day. In addition, overall mean cortisol levels were found to be lower in higher stress, lower support neighborhoods. This study adds to the growing evidence of hypocortisolism among chronically stressed adult populations and suggests hypocortisolism rather than hypercortisolism as a potential mechanism linking social disadvantage to poor health.
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Subjective appraisals of neighborhood safety and disorder are associated with flatter daily diurnal cortisol slopes and accelerated cellular aging, even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
“Evidence to support this point include studies showing that subjective appraisals of neighborhood safety and disorder (e.g., vandalism, theft) are associated with flatter daily diurnal cortisol slopes (Do et al., 2011; Karb et al., 2012) and accelerated cellular aging, even after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (Park et al., 2015).”
From More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science (2018) · cites this paper as Karb et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Karb, R. A., Elliott, M. R., Dowd, J. B., & Morenoff, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- City University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dowd, Jennifer B.
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1038-1047
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3556931
- OpenAlex
- W1992481793
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 11.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD050467, R24HD041028, P50HD038986)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- neighborhood disadvantage, environmental stressors, social support, adrenal insufficiency, hypercortisolism, chronic stress
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chicago, Circadian Rhythm, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Residence Characteristics, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Health Status Disparities, Multilevel Analysis
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