Cited by 122Down syndrome and intellectual disability researchPluripotent Stem Cells ResearchNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Modeling Down Syndrome with Patient iPSCs Reveals Cellular and Migration Deficits of GABAergic Neurons

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Huo, Hai-Qin, Qu, Zhuang-Yin, Yuan, Fang, Ma, Lixiang, Yao, Lin, Xu, Min, Hu, Yao, Ji, Jing +3 more·2018·Stem Cell Reports

Abstract

The brain of Down syndrome (DS) patients exhibits fewer interneurons in the cerebral cortex, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. By morphometric analysis of cortical interneurons generated from DS and euploid induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we found that DS GABA neurons are smaller and with fewer neuronal processes. The proportion of calretinin over calbindin GABA neurons is reduced, and the neuronal migration capacity is decreased. Such phenotypes were replicated following transplantation of the DS GABAergic progenitors into the mouse medial septum. Gene expression profiling revealed altered cell migratory pathways, and correction of the PAK1 pathway mitigated the cell migration deficit in vitro. These results suggest that impaired migration of DS GABAergic neurons may contribute to the reduced number of interneurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in DS patients.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.02.001

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  • Evidence from induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated to ventral forebrain-like interneuron progenitors indicates that the number of progenitors produced is different in the presence of trisomy 21.

    “Evidence from iPSCs differentiated to ventral forebrain-like interneuron progenitors indicates that the number of progenitors that are produced is different in the presence of T21 (84,90,91).”

    From Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as [90]

    The Discussion states that cortical inhibitory neural progenitors are generated similarly from Down syndrome and euploid iPSCs, contrary to the claimed difference in progenitor production. The Results likewise report similar efficiency in generating GABAergic interneurons, while identifying differences in their morphology. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • Human cortical interneurons have been shown to integrate extensively into the host mouse brain thanks to the remarkable migratory properties of this class of neurons.

    “Human cortical interneurons have been shown to integrate extensively into the host mouse brain thanks to the remarkable migratory properties of this class of neurons”

    From Xenotransplanted human cortical neurons reveal species-specific development and functional integration into mouse visual circuits (2019) · cites this paper as Huo et al., 2018

    The Results (page unavailable) show that transplanted human GABAergic interneurons survived in mouse brains and migrated along endogenous pathways to the olfactory bulb and hippocampus. They do not establish extensive integration into host circuitry or show that migration caused such integration; the Results also report few grafted cells in the cortex. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Defects in specification, proliferation and/or migration together likely result in deficiency of interneurons in Down syndrome.

    “Furthermore, interneuron progenitors from T21 iPSCs show reduced migratory ability90 compared to controls, raising the likelihood that defects in specification, proliferation and/or migration together result in deficiency of interneurons in DS.”
  • Interneuron progenitors from trisomy 21 induced pluripotent stem cells show reduced migratory ability compared to controls.

    “Furthermore, interneuron progenitors from T21 iPSCs show reduced migratory ability90 compared to controls, raising the likelihood that defects in specification, proliferation and/or migration together result in deficiency of interneurons in DS.”
  • In 2D culture, there is a significant decrease in calretinin and calbindin positive interneurons.

    “However, another study using a 2D culture method identified a significant decrease in calretinin positive interneurons along with a significant decrease in calbindin positive interneurons (Huo et al., 2018).”

    From Neurodevelopment in Down syndrome: Concordance in humans and models (2022) · cites this paper as Huo et al., 2018

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Authors
Huo, H.-Q., Qu, Z.-Y., Yuan, F., Ma, L., Yao, L., Xu, M., Hu, Y., Ji, J., Bhattacharyya, A., Zhang, S.-C., & Liu, Y.
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (CN)
  • Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University (CN)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Nanjing Medical University (CN)
  • Jiangsu Province Hospital (CN)
  • University of Wisconsin System (US)
Corresponding author
  • Zhang, Su-Chun
  • Liu, Yan
Venue
Stem Cell Reports
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-04
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
1251-1266
ISSN
2213-6711 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2789849905
Cited by
122
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3
FWCI
12.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Stem Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (MH100031, MH099587, R21HD085288)
  • National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFC1306703)
  • Government of Jiangsu Province
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (BK20160044, BK20160047, 81471301)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
Down syndrome, GABAergic interneurons, neuronal migration, iPSC-derived neurons, calretinin, calbindin, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cell morphometry
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Cell Differentiation, Cell Movement, Cell Survival, Down Syndrome, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Interneurons, Models, Biological, Somatostatin, Neurites, Gene Expression Profiling, Cell Shape, Actin Depolymerizing Factors, Mice, p21-Activated Kinases, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Neural Stem Cells, GABAergic Neurons, Calbindin 2

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