The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inactivation of androgens by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in humans
Abstract
In humans, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), 17beta-HSD and 5alpha-reductase activities in androgen target tissues, such as the prostate and skin, convert dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone into the most potent natural androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This androgen is converted mainly in situ into two phase I metabolites, androsterone (ADT) and androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (3alpha-DIOL), which might be back converted to DHT. Here, we discuss the recent findings regarding the characterization of specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), UGT2B7, B15 and B17, responsible for the glucuronidation of these metabolites. The tissue distribution and cellular localization of the UGT2B transcripts and proteins in humans clearly indicate that these enzymes are synthesized in androgen-sensitive tissues. It is postulated that the conjugating activity of UGT enzymes is the main mechanism for modulating the action of steroids and protecting the androgen-sensitive tissues from deleteriously high concentrations of DHT, ADT and 3alpha-DIOL.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The glucuronidation of C19 steroids is catalyzed by three members of the UGT2B subfamily, namely: UGT2B7, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 [175].”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [175]
In the citing paper
“As opposed to sulfation, glucuronidation is irreversible and ultimately inactivates the androgen and initiates its renal excretion by increasing polarity and water solubility of the molecule (Belanger et al., 2003).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Belanger et al., 2003
Citations
Cites
Mackenzie, P. I., Owens, I. S., Burchell, B., Bock, K. W., Bairoch, A., Bélanger, A., Fournel‐Gigleux, S., Green, M. D., Hum, D. W., Iyanagi, T., et al. (1997) · Pharmacogenetics · doi:10.1097/00008571-199708000-00001 · Cited by 1,185
Labrie, F. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0303-7207(91)90116-a · Cited by 685
Self-citationLabrie, F., Luu-The, V., Labrie, C., Bélanger, A., Simard, J., Lin, S.-X., & Pelletier, G. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-0031 · Cited by 544
Role of Hormones in Pilosebaceous Unit Development
Deplewski, D., & Rosenfield, R. L. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.4.0404 · Cited by 443
Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year-old men
Bèlanger, A., Candas, B., Dupont, A., Cusan, L., Diamond, P., Gomez, J.-L., & Labrie, F. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.79.4.7962278 · Cited by 437
Zhou, Z. X., Lane, M. V., Kemppainen, J., French, F. S., & Wilson, E. M. (1995) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.9.2.7776971 · Cited by 411
Labrie, F., Bélanger, A., Cusan, L., & Candas, B. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.8.4161 · Cited by 350
Self-citationTurgeon, D., Carrier, J.-S., Lévesque, E., Hum, D. W., & Bélanger, A. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.2.7958 · Cited by 333
Cutaneous androgen metabolism: basic research and clinical perspectives
Chen, W., Thiboutot, D., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.00613.x · Cited by 273
Azziz, R., Carmina, E., & Sawaya, M. E. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.21.4.347 · Cited by 249
Analysis and characteristics of multiple types of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Luu-The, V. (2001) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(00)00155-2 · Cited by 246
Tukey, R. H., & Strassburg, C. P. (2001) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.59.3.405 · Cited by 236
The Postmenopausal Ovary Is Not a Major Androgen-Producing Gland
Couzinet, B., Méduri, G., Lecce, M. G., Young, J., Brailly, S., Loosfelt, H., Milgröm, E., & SCHAISON, G. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7900 · Cited by 219
Lévesque, É., Beaulieu, M., Green, M. D., Tephly, T. R., Bélanger, A., & Hum, D. W. (1997) · Pharmacogenetics · doi:10.1097/00008571-199708000-00007 · Cited by 218
Bélanger, B., Bélanger, A., Labrie, F., Dupont, A., Cusan, L., & Monfette, G. (1989) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(89)90514-1 · Cited by 212
Green, M. D., & Tephly, T. R. (1996) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1016/s0090-9556(25)07355-6 · Cited by 206
KORTH-SCHÜTZ, S., Levine, L. S., New, M. I., & CHOW, D. M. (1976) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-42-1-117 · Cited by 193
Beaulieu, M., Lávesque, E., Hum, D. W., & Bálanger, A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.37.22855 · Cited by 187
Human skin: an independent peripheral endocrine organ
Zouboulis, C. C. (2000) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000053265 · Cited by 183
Løbo, R. A., Goebelsmann, U., & Horton, R. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-57-2-393 · Cited by 182
Court, M. H., Duan, S. X., Guillemette, C., Journault, K., Krishnaswamy, S., Moltke, L. L., & Greenblatt, D. J. (2002) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.30.11.1257 · Cited by 174
Ritter, J. K., Sheen, Y. Y., & Owens, I. S. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39016-7 · Cited by 155
Role of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases in Sex Steroid Formation in Peripheral Intracrine Tissues
Labrie, F., Luu-The, V., Lin, S., Simard, J., & Labrie, C. (2000) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(00)00342-8 · Cited by 143
Lévesque, É., Turgeon, D. K., Carrier, J.-S., Montminy, V., Beaulieu, M., & Bélanger, A. (2001) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi002607y · Cited by 136
Role of Hormones in Pilosebaceous Unit Development
Deplewski, D. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.21.4.363 · Cited by 131
Labrie, F., Luu-The, V., Labrie, C., Pelletier, G., & El-Alfy, M. (2000) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000053264 · Cited by 128
Glucuronidation of arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolites by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
Turgeon, D. K., Chouinard, S., Bélanger, P., Picard, S., Labbé, J.-F., Borgeat, P., & Bélanger, A. (2003) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m300010-jlr200 · Cited by 116
Studies on testosterone metabolism in subjects with testicular feminization syndrome
MAUVAIS-JARVIS, P., Bercovici, J. P., Crépy, O., & Gauthier, F. (1970) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106219 · Cited by 111
Chen, F., Ritter, J. K., Wang, M. G., McBride, O. W., Lubet, R. A., & Owens, I. S. (1993) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00091a015 · Cited by 110
Levels of plasma steroid glucuronides in intact and castrated men with prostatic cancer.
BÉLANGER, A., BROCHU, M., & CLICHE, J. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-62-5-812 · Cited by 108
Albert, C., Vallée, M., Beaudry, G., Bélanger, A., & Hum, D. W. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.7.6853 · Cited by 100
Genetic Variation of Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase
Burchell, B. (2003) · American Journal of PharmacoGenomics · doi:10.2165/00129785-200303010-00006 · Cited by 99
Bèlanger, A., Couture, J., Caron, S., & Roy, R. (1990) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb34299.x · Cited by 97
Cheng, Z. (1998) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1006/toxs.1998.2494 · Cited by 97
Guillemette, C., Lévesque, É., Beaulieu, M., Turgeon, D. K., Hum, D. W., & Bélanger, A. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.7.5226 · Cited by 91
Molecular Characterization of a First Human 3(α→β)-Hydroxysteroid Epimerase
Huang, X.-F., & Luu-The, V. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m000562200 · Cited by 89
MacLeod, S. L., Nowell, S. A., Plaxco, J., & Lang, N. P. (2000) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10434-000-0777-3 · Cited by 88
Turgeon, D. K., Carrier, J.-S., Lévesque, É., Beatty, B., Bélanger, A., & Hum, D. W. (2000) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3374 · Cited by 86
Human Types 1 and 3 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: Differential Lability and Tissue Distribution1
Dufort, I., Labrie, F., & Luu-The, V. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.2.7216 · Cited by 73
Dihydrotestosterone Is a Peripheral Paracrine Hormone
Horton, R. (1992) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1992.tb01621.x · Cited by 60
The Postmenopausal Ovary Is Not a Major Androgen-Producing Gland
Couzinet, B. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.10.5060 · Cited by 59
6 Peripheral androgens and the role of androstanediol glucuronide
Horton, R., & Lobo, R. A. (1986) · Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0300-595x(86)80026-3 · Cited by 58
Lévesque, É., Beaulieu, M., Guillemette, C., Hum, D. W., & Bélanger, A. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.5.6001 · Cited by 58
Deslypère, J. P., Sayed, A. M. S., Punjabi, U. R., Verdonck, L., & Vermeulen, A. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-2-386 · Cited by 56
Barbier, O., Lapointe, H., Alfy, M. E., Hum, D. W., & Bélanger, A. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.12.7019 · Cited by 56
MAUVAIS-JARVIS, P., Bercovici, J. P., & Gauthier, F. (1969) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-29-3-417 · Cited by 56
Gestl, S. A., Green, M. D., Shearer, D. A., Frauenhoffer, E. E., Tephly, T. R., & Weisz, J. (2002) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62572-2 · Cited by 52
Brochu, M., Bélanger, A., & Tremblay, R. R. (1987) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59589-2 · Cited by 52
Tchernof, A., Lévesque, É., Beaulieu, M., Couture, P., Després, J., Hum, D. W., & Bélanger, A. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00709.x · Cited by 50
Pelletier, G., Luu-The, V., Elalfy, M., Li, S., & Labrie, F. (2001) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/jme.0.0260011 · Cited by 49
Gsur, A., Preyer, M., Haidinger, G., Schatzl, G., Stephan Madersbacher, A., Marberger, M., Vutuc, C., & Micksche, M. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 49
Pelletier, G., LUU-THE, V., HUANG, X.-F., Lapointe, H., & Labrie, F. (1998) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62961-6 · Cited by 48
Aging of the human adrenal cortex
Hornsby, P. J. (2002) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1568-1637(01)00007-1 · Cited by 46
Production of 3α-Androstanediol Glucuronide in Human Genital Skin*
Løbo, R. A., Paul, W. L., Gentzschein, E., Serafini, P. C., Catalino, J. A., Paulson, R. J., & Horton, R. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-4-711 · Cited by 46
Girard, C., Barbier, O., Veilleux, G., El-Alfy, M., & Bélanger, A. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2002-0052 · Cited by 45
Self-citationBarbier, O. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.12.4819 · Cited by 36
Human Types 1 and 3 3 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: Differential Lability and Tissue Distribution
Dufort, I. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.2.841 · Cited by 35
Isolation and Characterization of the Human UGT2B7 Gene
Carrier, J.-S., Turgeon, D. K., Journault, K., Hum, D. W., & Bélanger, A. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2795 · Cited by 33
MAUVAIS-JARVIS, P., & Baulieu, É.-É. (1965) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-25-9-1167 · Cited by 33
Rittmaster, R. S., THOMPSON, D. L., LISTWAK, S. J., & Loriaux, D. L. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-66-1-212 · Cited by 32
Guillemette, C. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.138.7.2998 · Cited by 31
Cheng, Z., Rios, G. R., King, C. D., et al. (1998) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/45.1.52 · Cited by 28
Owens, I. S., Ritter, J. K., Yeatman, M. T., & Chen, F. (1996) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1007/bf02353476 · Cited by 27
Giagulli, V. A., GIORGINO, R., & Vermeulen, A. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.76.4.8473406 · Cited by 26
Lévesque, É. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.139.5.2375 · Cited by 22
Steroidogenic enzymes in skin.
Andersson, S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Lévesque, É., Beaulieu, M., Guillemette, C., Hum, D. W., & Bélanger, A. (1998) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(97)00137-4 · Cited by 20
Is plasma 5α-androstane 3α, 17β-diol glucuronide a biochemical marker of hirsutism in women?
Giagulli, V. A., GIORGINO, R., & Vermeulen, A. (1991) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(91)90013-u · Cited by 19
Huang, X., & Luu-The, V. (2001) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00200-x · Cited by 18
Chung, L. W. K., & Coffey, D. S. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Conversion of dihydrotestosterone to androstanediol glucuronide by female sexual skin
Pasupuleti, V., Lobo, R. A., & Horton, R. (1988) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(88)90018-9 · Cited by 9
Giagulli, V. A. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.76.4.918 · Cited by 8
Whorwood, C. B., Ueshiba, H., & del Balzo, P. (1992) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(92)90030-m · Cited by 7
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Turgeon, 2001, Relative enzymatic activity, protein stability and tissue distribution of human steroid metabolizing UGT2B subfamily members, Endocrinology, 142, 778, 10.1210/en.142.2.778 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chemistry and Structural Biology of Androgen Receptor
Gao, W., Bohl, C. E., & Dalton, J. T. (2005) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr020456u · Cited by 527
Is dehydroepiandrosterone a hormone?
Labrie, F., Luu-The, V., Bèlanger, A., Lin, S.-X., Simard, J., Pelletier, G., & Labrie, C. (2005) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.1.06264 · Cited by 460
Schiffer, L., Barnard, L., Baranowski, E. S., Gilligan, L. C., Taylor, A. E., Arlt, W., Shackleton, C. H. L., & Storbeck, K.-H. (2019) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105439 · Cited by 450
“UGT2B17 has highest activity of all UGTs towards An, testosterone and DHT. UGT2A1 may also contribute to the glucuronidation of testosterone [291].”
InfluentialUse of doping agents, particularly anabolic steroids, in sports and society
Sjöqvist, F., Garle, M., & Rane, A. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60801-6 · Cited by 349
Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Cholestasis, Inflammation, and Cancer
Li, T., & Apte, U. M. (2015) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2015.04.003 · Cited by 336
Metadata
- Authors
- Bélanger, A., Pelletier, G., Labrie, F., Barbier, O., & Chouinard, S.
- Affiliations
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Bélanger, Alain
- ORCID
- Barbier, Olivier
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 473-479
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988871942
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- androgen metabolism, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT2B7, UGT2B15, UGT2B17, dihydrotestosterone, androstanediol, androstanediol glucuronide, glucuronidation, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 5α-reductase, prostate, skin
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Humans, Isoenzymes, Male, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Skin, Glucuronosyltransferase
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review