NAFLD and thyroid function: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations
Open accessAbstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide rising challenge because of hepatic, but also extrahepatic, complications. Thyroid hormones are master regulators of energy and lipid homeostasis, and the presence of abnormal thyroid function in NAFLD suggests pathogenic relationships. Specifically, persons with hypothyroidism feature dyslipidemia and lower hepatic β-oxidation, which favors accumulation of triglycerides and lipotoxins, insulin resistance, and subsequently de novo lipogenesis. Recent studies indicate that liver-specific thyroid hormone receptor β agonists are effective for the treatment of NAFLD, likely due to improved lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration, which, in turn, may contribute to a reduced risk of NAFLD progression. Taken together, the possible coexistence of thyroid disease and NAFLD calls for increased awareness and optimized strategies for mutual screening and management.
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The incidence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism appears higher in individuals with MASLD or MASH relative to age-matched controls, and low thyroid function is associated with more severe outcomes.
“The incidence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism appears to be higher in individuals with MASLD or MASH relative to age-matched controls, and low thyroid function is associated with more severe outcomes.”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [346]
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- Authors
- Hatziagelaki, E., Paschou, S. A., Schön, M., Psaltopoulou, T., & Roden, M.
- Affiliations
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum e.V. (DE)
- Düsseldorf University Hospital (DE)
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-11
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 755-768
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4297216245
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- German Federal Ministry of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, thyroid function, hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone receptor beta agonist, lipid homeostasis, hepatic beta-oxidation, insulin resistance, de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, mitochondrial respiration, NAFLD screening
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Liver, Thyroid Gland, Triglycerides, Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta, Lipogenesis, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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