Cited by 188Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsLiver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

Thyroid hormone signaling and the liver

Ritter, Megan J., ,, Amano, Izuki, ,, Hollenberg, Anthony N.·2020·Hepatology

Abstract

Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis throughout life. It is well known that the liver and thyroid are intimately linked, with TH playing important roles in de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation (fatty acid oxidation), cholesterol metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Indeed, patients with hypothyroidism have abnormal lipid panels with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein levels, triglycerides (triacylglycerol; TAG), and apolipoprotein B levels. Even in euthyroid patients, lower serum-free thyroxine levels are associated with higher total cholesterol levels, LDL, and TAG levels. In addition to abnormal serum lipids, the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases with lower free thyroxine levels. As free thyroxine rises, the risk of NAFLD is reduced. This has led to numerous animal studies and clinical trials investigating TH analogs and TH receptor agonists as potential therapies for NAFLD and hyperlipidemia. Thus, TH plays an important role in maintaining hepatic homeostasis, and this continues to be an important area of study. A review of TH action and TH actions on the liver will be presented here.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/hep.31296

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122 of 122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Ritter, M. J., Amano, I., & Hollenberg, A. N.
Affiliations
  • Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
  • Gunma University (JP)
Corresponding author
Hollenberg, Anthony N.
Venue
Hepatology
Published
2020-08
Volume
72
Issue
2
Pages
742-752
ISSN
  • 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-3350
OpenAlex
W3020477396
Cited by
188
References
122
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8
FWCI
3.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Hepatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK117940, DK117940, DK056123)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords
thyroid hormone signaling, liver, hypothyroidism, free thyroxine, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, thyroid hormone analogs, thyroid hormone receptor agonists
MeSH terms
Animals, Cholesterol, Humans, Liver, Thyroid Hormones, Signal Transduction

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