Metabolic Effects of Thyroid Hormone Derivatives

Moreno, Maria; de Lange, Pieter; Lombardi, Assunta; Silvestri, Elena; Lanni, Antonia; Goglia, Fernando

doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0248

Cited by 229Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsEstrogen and related hormone effectsAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

Metabolic Effects of Thyroid Hormone Derivatives

Moreno, Maria, de Lange, Pieter, Lombardi, Assunta, Silvestri, Elena, Lanni, Antonia, Goglia, Fernando·2008·Thyroid

DOI 10.1089/thy.2007.0248

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Abstract

The processes and pathways mediating the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all affected by thyroid hormones (THs) in almost all tissues. Particular attention has been devoted by scientists to the effects of THs on lipid metabolism. Among others, effects related to cholesterol, lipid handling, and cardiac performance have been the subject of study. Many reports are present in the literature concerning the calorigenic effect of THs, with most of them aimed at identifying the molecular basis of this effect. However, at the moment the mechanism(s) underlying the metabolic effects of THs remain to be elucidated. THs exert most of their effects though TH receptors (TRs). However, some effects of THs cannot be explained by a nuclear-mediated pathway, and recently an increasing number of nonnuclear actions have been described, which can provide a regulatory system of which the effects differ from those mediated on the transcriptional level by TRs. Some of the TH derivatives (naturally occurring metabolites and analogs) possess biological activities. TH-related biological effects have been described for physiological products such as tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac) and triiodothyroacetic acid (Triac) (via oxidative deamination and decarboxylation of thyroxine [T4] and triiodothyronine [T3] alanine chain), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) (via T4 and T3 deiodination), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2) (via T4, T3, and rT3 deiodination), and 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and thyronamine (T0AM) (via T4 and T3 deiodination and amino acid decarboxylation), as well as for TH structural analogs, such as 3,5,3'-triiodothyropropionic acid (Triprop), 3,5-dibromo-3-pyridazinone-l-thyronine (L-940901), N-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-isopropylphenoxy)-phenyl]-oxamic acid (CGS 23425), 3,5-dimethyl-4[(4'-hydroxy-3'-isopropylbenzyl)-phenoxy] acetic acid (GC-1), 3,5-dichloro-4[(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenoxy)phenyl] acetic acid (KB-141), and 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA). Most of these compounds have interesting properties: counteracting lipid accumulation, reducing cholesterol level, and increasing lipid metabolism without cardiotoxic effects. Hopefully, further studies on basic mechanisms of such compounds will be harbingers of more knowledge on the metabolic effects of TH derivatives and on their possible clinical application.

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Both T3 and T2 are known to regulate mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle.
“Of note, both T3 and T2 are known to regulate mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle [45, 46].”
From An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [46]

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Goglia, F., Lanni, A., Horst, C., Moreno, M., & Thoma, R. (1994) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/jme.0.0130275 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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Thyroid hormones regulate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in Anabas testudineus (Bloch)
Varghese, S., Bake, S., & Oommen, O. V. (2001) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s1096-4959(00)00309-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Direct Effects of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine and 3,5-Diiodothyronine on Mitochondrial Metabolism in the GoldfishCarassius auratus
Leary, S. C., Barton, K., & Ballantyne, J. S. (1996) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1006/gcen.1996.0141 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
3,5-Diiodo-<scp>l</scp>-Thyronine Stimulates Type 1 5′Deiodinase Activity in Rat Anterior Pituitariesin Vivoand in Reaggregate Cultures and GH3 Cellsin Vitro1
Baur, A., Bauer, K., Jarry, H., & Köhrle, J. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.8.5333 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Pilot Studies on the Use of 3,5-Diiodothyropropionic Acid, a Thyroid Hormone Analog, in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure
Morkin, E., Pennock, G. D., Spooner, P. H., Bahl, J. J., Fox, K. U., & Goldman, S. (2002) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000063110 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Demonstration of in vivo metabolic effects of 3,5-di-iodothyronine
Cimmino, M., Mion, F., Goglia, F., Minaire, Y., & Géloën, A. (1996) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1490319 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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3,5-T2Stimulates Oxygen Consumption, But Not Glucose Uptake in Human Mononuclear Blood Cells
Kvetny, J. (1992) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1003323 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Short-term effects of thyroid hormone in prenatal development and cell differentiation
Incerpi, S., Scapin, S., D’Arezzo, S., Spagnuolo, S., & Leoni, S. (2005) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2005.02.009 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Nondeiodinative Pathways of Thyroxine Metabolism: 3,5,3′,5′-Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid Turnover in Normal and Fasting Human Subjects*
Pittman, C. S., SHIMIZU, T., Burger, A., & Chambers, J. B. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-50-4-712 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Do thyroid hormones function in insects?
Davey, K. G. (2000) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(00)00061-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
3,5-Diiodo- l -thyronine and 3,5,3′-triiodo- l -thyronine both improve the cold tolerance of hypothyroid rats, but possibly via different mechanisms
Lanni, A., Moreno, M., Lombardi, A., & Goglia, F. (1998) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004240050650 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Rapid glucuronidation of tri- and tetraiodothyroacetic acid to ester glucuronides in human liver and to ether glucuronides in rat liver
Moreno, M., Kaptein, E., Goglia, F., & Visser, T. J. (1994) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.135.3.8070342 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Identification of thyroid hormone receptors in rat liver nuclei by photoaffinity labeling with L-thyroxine and triiodo-L-thyronine
Dozin, B., CAHNMANN, H. J., & Nikodem, V. M. (1985) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00340a036 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
T3 and Triac inhibit leptin secretion and expression in brown and white rat adipocytes
Medina‐Gómez, G., Calvo, R.-M., & Obregón, M.-J. (2004) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.01.007 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
3,5-Di-iodo- <scp>l</scp> -thyronine suppresses TSH in rats in vivo and in rat pituitary fragments in vitro
Horst, C., Harneit, A., Seitz, H. J., & Rokos, H. (1995) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1450291 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Structural requirements of iodothyronines for the rapid inactivation and internalization of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in glial cells
Safran, M., Farwell, A. P., Rokos, H., & Leonard, J. L. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85230-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Short-Term Stimulation of Lipogenesis by 3,5-l-Diiodothyronine in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
Giudetti, A. M., Leo, M., Geelen, M. J. H., & Gnoni, G. V. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-0345 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone analog, diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA), exerts beneficial effects on chamber and cellular remodeling in cardiomyopathic hamstersThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute.
Kuzman, J. A., Tang, Y., Vogelsang, K. A., Said, S., Anderson, B. E., Morkin, E., & Gerdes, A. M. (2007) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y07-011 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
3,3′-Diiodothyronine Concentrations in the Sera of Patients with Nonthyroidal Illnesses and Brain Tumors and of Healthy Subjects during Acute Stress1
Pinna, G., Hiedra, L., MEINHOLD, H., Eravci, M., Prengel, H., Brödel, O., Gräf, K.-J., Stoltenburg, G., Bauer, M. W., & Baumgartner, A. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.9.5080 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Potent thermogenic action of triiodothyroacetic acid in brown adipocytes
Medina‐Gómez, G., Hern�ndez, A., Calvo, R.-M., Martin, E., & Obreg�n, M.-J. (2003) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3158-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
3,3'-Diiodothyronine Concentrations in the Sera of Patients with Nonthyroidal Illnesses and Brain Tumors and of Healthy Subjects during Acute Stress
Pinna, G. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.9.3071 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF SOME HALOGENATED ACRYLIC ACID ANALOGUES OF THYROXINE1
Barker, S. B., Kiely, C., Klitgaard, H. M., DIRKS, H. B., WANG, S. C., & Wawzonek, S. (1951) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-48-1-70 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Identification of 3,5-Diiodo- l -Thyronine-Binding Proteins in Rat Liver Cytosol by Photoaffinity Labeling
Moreno, M., Silvestri, E., Lombardi, A., Visser, T. J., Goglia, F., & Lanni, A. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2002-0174 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Selective thyroid hormone agonists: A strategy for treating metabolic syndrome
Grover, G. J., & Malm, J. (2005) · Drug Discovery Today Therapeutic Strategies · doi:10.1016/j.ddstr.2005.05.016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Short-term effects of thyroid hormones on lipogenic enzymes and 14C-acetate incorporation into various lipid classes: in vivo and in vitro studies.
Varghese, S., Shameena, B., Pr, S., & Oommen, O. V. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
3,5-diiodothyronine Mimics the Effect of Triiodothyronine on Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 Expression in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
Demori, I., Gerdoni, E., Fugassa, E., & Voci, A. (2004) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2004-826017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
THE ACTIVITY OFdl-TRIBROMTHYRONINE
Lerman, J. (1956) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-16-10-1395 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

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Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Metabolism
Mullur, R., Liu, Y.-Y., & Brent, G. A. (2014) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2013 · Cited by 2,421 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement
Jonklaas, J., Bianco, A. C., Bauer, A. J., Burman, K. D., Cappola, A. R., Celi, F. S., Cooper, D. S., Kim, B. W., Peeters, R. P., Rosenthal, M. S., et al. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0028 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
“5-fold greater affinity for TRa compared to T3 (579), spurring interest in this compound in the treatment of RTH (663).”
Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: two closely associated disorders
Biondi, B., Kahaly, G. J., & Robertson, R. P. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00163 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone
Davis, P. J., Goglia, F., & Leonard, J. L. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.205 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thyroid function in critically ill patients
Fliers, E., Bianco, A. C., Langouche, L., & Boelen, A. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00225-9 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Beyond Low Plasma T3: Local Thyroid Hormone Metabolism during Inflammation and Infection
Boelen, A., Kwakkel, J., & Fliers, E. (2011) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-0007 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Nuclear Receptors and Their Selective Pharmacologic Modulators
Burris, T. P., Solt, L. A., Wang, Y., Crumbley, C., Banerjee, S., Griffett, K., Lundåsen, T., Hughes, T., & Kojetin, D. J. (2013) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.112.006833 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and related thyroid diseases
Wang, C. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2013/390534 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Treatment with thyroid hormone
Biondi, B., & Wartofsky, L. (2014) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2013-1083 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone mimetics: potential applications in atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes
Baxter, J. D., & Webb, P. (2009) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2830 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Emerging nanomedicines for early cancer detection and improved treatment: Current perspective and future promise
Bharali, D. J., & Mousa, S. A. (2010) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.07.007 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The crosstalk between thyroid gland and adipose tissue: signal integration in health and disease
Santini, F., Marzullo, P., Rotondi, M., Ceccarini, G., Pagano, L., Ippolito, S., Chiovato, L., & Biondi, B. (2014) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-14-0067 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Membrane Receptor for Thyroid Hormone: Physiologic and Pharmacologic Implications
Davis, P. J., Davis, F. B., Mousa, S. A., Luidens, M. K., & Lin, H. (2011) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100512 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
An update on non-thyroidal illness syndrome
Fliers, E., & Boelen, A. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01482-4 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Effects on Mitochondrial Energetics
Harper, M.-E., & Seifert, E. L. (2008) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0250 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Biological mechanisms that promote weight regain following weight loss in obese humans
Ochner, C. N., M.S, D. M. B., Lee, C. D., & Pi-Sunyer, X. (2013) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.07.009 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The significance of vitamin D for fish: a review
Lock, E., Waagbø, R., Bonga, S. E. W., & Flik, G. (2009) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00722.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormones Interaction With Immune Response, Inflammation and Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome
Luca, R. D., Davis, P. J., Lin, H., Gionfra, F., Percario, Z. A., Affabris, E., Pedersen, J. Z., Marchese, C., Trivedi, P., Anastasiadou, E., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.614030 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Molecular Functions of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Regulation of Cancer Progression and Anti-Apoptosis
Liu, Y., Yeh, C., & Lin, K. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20204986 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis by thyroid hormone
Weitzel, J. M., & Iwen, K. A. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.009 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone actions are temperature-specific and regulate thermal acclimation in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Little, A. G., Kunisue, T., Kannan, K., & Seebacher, F. (2013) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-11-26 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Thyronamines—Past, Present, and Future
Piehl, S., Hoefig, C. S., Scanlan, T. S., & Köhrle, J. (2011) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0040 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid (Tetrac) and Nanoparticulate Tetrac Arrest Growth of Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Yalçın, M., Dyskin, E., Lansing, L., Bharali, D. J., Mousa, S. S., Bridoux, A., Hercbergs, A. H., Lin, H., Davis, F. B., Glinsky, G. V., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1926 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Nonthyrotoxic Prevention of Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance by 3,5-Diiodo-<scp>L</scp>-Thyronine in Rats
de Lange, P., Cioffi, F., Senese, R., Moreno, M., Lombardi, A., Silvestri, E., De Matteis, R., Lionetti, L., Mollica, M. P., Goglia, F., et al. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0207 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thyroid hormones and mitochondria: With a brief look at derivatives and analogues
Cioffi, F., Senese, R., Lanni, A., & Goglia, F. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.006 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Crosstalk between Integrin αvβ3 and Estrogen Receptor-α Is Involved in Thyroid Hormone-Induced Proliferation in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells
Meng, R., Tang, H.-Y., Doering, J., London, D., Cao, J. H., Mousa, S. A., Luidens, M. K., Hercbergs, A. H., Davis, F. B., Davis, P. J., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027547 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Cancer Cell Gene Expression Modulated from Plasma Membrane Integrin αvβ3 by Thyroid Hormone and Nanoparticulate Tetrac
Davis, P. J., Glinsky, G. V., Lin, H., Leith, J. T., Hercbergs, A. H., Tang, H.-Y., Ashur‐Fabian, O., Incerpi, S., & Mousa, S. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00240 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Molecular functions and clinical impact of thyroid hormone-triggered autophagy in liver-related diseases
Chi, H., Tsai, C., Tsai, M.-M., Yeh, C., & Lin, K. (2019) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0517-x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Structural and functional alterations in the hippocampus due to hypothyroidism
Koromilas, C., Liapi, C. A., Schulpis, K. H., Kalafatakis, K., Zarros, A. C., & Tsakiris, S. (2010) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-010-9208-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
NAFLD and thyroid function: pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations
Hatziagelaki, E., Paschou, S. A., Schön, M., Psaltopoulou, T., & Roden, M. (2022) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2022.08.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
3,5-Diiodo-L-Thyronine (3,5-T2) Exerts Thyromimetic Effects on Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis, Body Composition, and Energy Metabolism in Male Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Jonas, W., Lietzow, J., Wohlgemuth, F., Hoefig, C. S., Wiedmer, P., Schweizer, U., Köhrle, J., & Schürmann, A. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1604 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The history of a developmental stage: Metamorphosis in chordates
Paris, M., & Laudet, V. (2008) · genesis · doi:10.1002/dvg.20443 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Anti-Cancer Activity of Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid in a Perfused Cell Culture System
Lin, H., Landersdorfer, C. B., London, D., Meng, R., Lim, C., Lin, C., Lin, S., Tang, H., Brown, D. L., Scoy, B. V., et al. (2011) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001073 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Tetraiodothyroacetic acid and its nanoformulation inhibit thyroid hormone stimulation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and its growth in xenografts
Mousa, S. A., Yalçın, M., Bharali, D. J., Meng, R., Tang, H.-Y., Lin, H., Davis, F. B., & Davis, P. J. (2011) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.10.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
3,5-Diiodo-l-thyronine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Shang, G., Gao, P., Zhao, Z., Chen, Q., Jiang, T., Zhang, N., & Li, H. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.01.023 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
TG68, a Novel Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β Agonist for the Treatment of NAFLD
Caddeo, A. M., Kowalik, M. A., Serra, M., Runfola, M., Bacci, A., Rapposelli, S., Columbano, A., & Perra, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222313105 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
3,5-T2 Is an Alternative Ligand for the Thyroid Hormone Receptor β1
Mendoza, A., Navarrete-Ramírez, P., Hernández-Puga, G., Villalobos, P., Holzer, G., Renaud, J. P., Laudet, V., & Orozco, A. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-1030 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Comparative study of the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in some brain regions in albino rats
El-Bakry, A. M., El‐Gareib, A. W., & Ahmed, R. G. (2010) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.04.003 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The pharmacology and molecular mechanisms underlying temperature regulation and torpor
Swoap, S. J. (2008) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2008.06.017 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Metabolism of Thyroid Hormone
Peeters, R. P., & Visser, T. J. (2012) · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lipid lowering with thyroid hormone and thyromimetics
Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e3283402e9c · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Mediated Modulation of Energy Expenditure
Vaitkus, J. A., Farrar, J. S., & Celi, F. S. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms160716158 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone, Hormone Analogs, and Angiogenesis
Davis, P. J., Sudha, T., Lin, H., & Mousa, S. A. (2015) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c150011 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4) by Thyroid Hormone
Attia, R. R., Connaughton, S., Boone, L. R., Wang, F., Elam, M. B., Ness, G. C., Cook, G. A., & Park, E. A. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.039081 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid-Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles: A Nanomedicine Approach to Treat Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer
Bharali, D. J., Yalçın, M., Davis, P. J., & Mousa, S. A. (2013) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm.12.200 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Retracted
Histone variant macroH2A1 deletion in mice causes female-specific steatosis
Boulard, M., Storck, S., Cong, R., Pinto, R. O., Delage, H., & Bouvet, P. (2010) · Epigenetics & Chromatin · doi:10.1186/1756-8935-3-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormone
Lanni, A., Moreno, M., & Goglia, F. (2016) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c150019 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thyroid hormone and reproduction: Regulation of estrogen receptors in goldfish gonads
Nelson, E. R., Allan, E. R. O., Pang, F. Y., & Habibi, H. R. (2010) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.21219 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Caloric restriction and longevity: Effects of reduced body temperature
Carrillo, A. E., & Flouris, A. D. (2010) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.10.001 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid and Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid Nanoparticle Effectively Inhibit the Growth of Human Follicular Thyroid Cell Carcinoma
Yalçın, M., Bharali, D. J., Dyskin, E., Dier, E., Lansing, L., Mousa, S. S., Davis, F. B., Davis, P. J., & Mousa, S. A. (2010) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2009.0249 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Molecular Basis of Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone
Davis, P. J., Leonard, J. L., Lin, H., Leinung, M. C., & Mousa, S. A. (2017) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone induced angiogenesis through the integrin αvβ3/protein kinase D/histone deacetylase 5 signaling pathway
Liu, X. Z., Zheng, N., Shi, Y.-N., Yuan, J., & Li, L. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-13-0252 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Detection of 3,5-diiodothyronine in sera of patients with altered thyroid status using a new monoclonal antibody-based chemiluminescence immunoassay
Lehmphul, I., Brabant, G., Wallaschofski, H., Ruchala, M., Strasburger, C. J., Köhrle, J., & Wu, Z. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0688 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Development of a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the distinction of thyronine and thyronamine constitutional isomers and for the identification of new deiodinase substrates
Piehl, S., Heberer, T., Balizs, G., Scanlan, T. S., & Köhrle, J. (2008) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.3732 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Role of thyroid receptor β in lipid metabolism
Pramfalk, C., Pedrelli, M., & Parini, P. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.019 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Novel thyroid hormone analogues, enzyme inhibitors and mimetics, and their action
Mondal, S., & Mugesh, G. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.006 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Selective Thyromimetics Using Receptor and Tissue Selectivity Approaches: Prospects for Dyslipidemia
Joharapurkar, A. A., Dhote, V. V., & Jain, M. R. (2012) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm2004706 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Transport of Iodothyronines by Human L-Type Amino Acid Transporters
Zevenbergen, C., Meima, M. E., Lima de Souza, E. C., Peeters, R. P., Kinne, A., Krause, G., Visser, W. E., & Visser, T. J. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2015-1140 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Molecular Functions of Thyroid Hormones and Their Clinical Significance in Liver-Related Diseases
Cheng, H., Chen, C.-Y., Tsai, M.-M., Tsai, C., & Lin, K. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/601361 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Response of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Xenografts to Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid Nanoparticles
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Authors: Moreno, M., de Lange, P., Lombardi, A., Silvestri, E., Lanni, A., & Goglia, F.
Affiliations: Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, Benevento, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi, Caserta, Italy.
University of Naples Federico II (IT)
University of Sannio (IT)
University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
ORCID: Lombardi, Assunta
Silvestri, Elena
Lanni, Antonia
Goglia, Fernando
Venue: Thyroid
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-02
Volume: 18
Issue: 2
Pages: 239-253
ISSN: 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
1557-9077
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2007.0248
OpenAlex: W2074532062
Cited by: 226
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 13.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/ (tdm)
Locations: Thyroid (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords: thyroid hormones, thyroid hormone receptor, lipid metabolism, cholesterol, cardiac function, calorigenic effect, tetraiodothyroacetic acid, triiodothyroacetic acid, reverse T3, deiodination, thyroid hormone analogs, GC-1
MeSH terms: Animals, Antimetabolites, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, Structure-Activity Relationship, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Drug Design, Molecular Structure, Signal Transduction, Lipid Metabolism

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Metabolic Effects of Thyroid Hormone Derivatives

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