Cited by 391Protein Tyrosine PhosphatasesProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingSignaling Pathways in Disease

PP2A holoenzyme assembly: In cauda venenum (the sting is in the tail)

Janssens, Veerle, Longin, Sari, Goris, Jozef·2008·Trends in Biochemical Sciences

Abstract

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major phospho-serine/threonine phosphatase, is conserved throughout eukaryotes. It dephosphorylates a plethora of cellular proteins, including kinases and other signaling molecules involved in cell division, gene regulation, protein synthesis and cytoskeleton organization. PP2A enzymes typically exist as heterotrimers comprising catalytic C-, structural A- and regulatory B-type subunits. The B-type subunits function as targeting and substrate-specificity factors; hence, holoenzyme assembly with the appropriate B-type subunit is crucial for PP2A specificity and regulation. Recently, several biochemical and structural determinants have been described that affect PP2A holoenzyme assembly. Moreover, the effects of specific post-translational modifications of the C-terminal tail of the catalytic subunit indicate that a 'code' might regulate dynamic exchange of regulatory B-type subunits, thus affecting the specificity of PP2A.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.tibs.2007.12.004

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  • During PP2A holoenzyme biogenesis, the unstructured PP2A/C C-terminus undergoes phosphorylation at T304 and Y307 and carboxymethylation at L309.

    “The unstructured C-terminus of PP2A/C is subject to post-translational modifications during the process of trimeric PP2A biogenesis, including phosphorylation of T304 and Y307 and carboxymethylation on L309 (Janssens et al., 2008; Lee and Pallas, 2007; Löw et al., 2014).”
  • In addition to about twenty PP2A subunit genes, five genes encode major regulators of active PP2A trimer assembly and at least seven genes encode cellular PP2A inhibitors.

    “Besides twenty PP2A subunit encoding genes, some of which are tissue-specifically expressed, five additional genes encode major regulators of active PP2A trimer assembly, and at least seven genes encode cellular PP2A inhibitors”
  • The PME-1 and LCMT-1 transgenic models provide further evidence that PP2A-B55 trimers dephosphorylate tau and regulate APP phosphorylation.

    “the PME-1 and LCMT-1 transgenic models provide nevertheless further evidence for a role of these PP2A trimers in tau dephosphorylation, and additionally, in the regulation of APP phosphorylation.”
  • Reversible methylation of residue L309 at the C-terminal tail of the PP2A catalytic subunit appears critical in modulating the binding affinity of the regulatory subunit and contributing to distinct heterotrimeric complexes.

    “Initial studies have pointed to the reversible methylation of a specific residue (L309) at the C-terminal tail of the catalytic subunit [ 63 – 65 ]. This modification appears to be critical in modulating the binding affinity of the regulatory subunit, contributing to the formation of distinct heterotrimeric complexes.”

    From Targeting PP2A in cancer: an underrated option (2025) · cites this paper as [64]

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Authors
Janssens, V., Longin, S., & Goris, J.
Affiliations
KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author
Goris, Jozef
Venue
Trends in Biochemical Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-03
Volume
33
Issue
3
Pages
113-121
ISSN
0968-0004 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2165421630
Cited by
390
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 31
FWCI
2.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Trends in Biochemical Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lirias (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • Vlaamse regering
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
Keywords
protein phosphatase 2A, post-translational modification, substrate specificity, phosphatase regulation, Caenorhabditis elegans
MeSH terms
Animals, Catalysis, Humans, Models, Biological, Protein Conformation, Substrate Specificity, Protein Structure, Secondary, Holoenzymes, Protein Subunits, Protein Phosphatase 2

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