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Cited by 227Neuroscience and Music PerceptionNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismMultisensory perception and integration

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Roles of Supplementary Motor Areas in Auditory Processing and Auditory Imagery

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Lima, César F., Krishnan, Saloni, Scott, Sophie K.·2016·Trends in Neurosciences
DOI 10.1016/j.tins.2016.06.003PMC PMC5441995
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Abstract

Although the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas have been intensely investigated in relation to their motor functions, they are also consistently reported in studies of auditory processing and auditory imagery. This involvement is commonly overlooked, in contrast to lateral premotor and inferior prefrontal areas. We argue here for the engagement of supplementary motor areas across a variety of sound categories, including speech, vocalizations, and music, and we discuss how our understanding of auditory processes in these regions relate to findings and hypotheses from the motor literature. We suggest that supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas play a role in facilitating spontaneous motor responses to sound, and in supporting a flexible engagement of sensorimotor processes to enable imagery and to guide auditory perception.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.tins.2016.06.003

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Figure 1 Anatomy of the Supplementary Motor Areas. (A) The medial surface of the right hemisphere of the human brain showing the locations of SMA (blue) and pre-SMA (red). SMA occupies the medial area 6aα, and pre-SMA is located anteriorly in medial area 6aβ. The broken line represents the vertical plane through the anterior commissure (VCA line, y = 0), typically considered as the border between pre-SMA and SMA. The maps were taken from the Human Motor Area Template (HMAT) [26], which uses both anatomical information and probability distributions estimating the likelihood of functional activation to characterize the shape, extent, and area of motor and premotor cortices. Area 4 corresponds to the primary motor cortex. (B) The medial surface of the macaque monkey brain showing area F3 (blue), which corresponds to SMA, and area F6 (red), which corresponds to pre-SMA. Area F1 corresponds to primary motor cortex. The human figure was generated from the Conte69 human surface-based atlas and the macaque figure was generated from subject F99 using Connectome Workbench software version 1.1.1. Anatomical parcellations of the macaque brain were sourced from the Markov et al.[118] atlas. Numbers in white represent locations of Brodmann's areas located in close proximity to SMA and pre-SMA. The gradients above SMA in the human and macaque brains illustrate the somatotopy in this region, with face/mouth (F/M), upper limb (UL), and lower limb (LL) representations depicted along an anterior-to-posterior orientation.
Figure 1 Anatomy of the Supplementary Motor Areas. (A) The medial surface of the right hemisphere of the human brain showing the locations of SMA (blue) and pre-SMA (red). SMA occupies the medial area 6aα, and pre-SMA is located anteriorly in medial area 6aβ. The broken line represents the vertical plane through the anterior commissure (VCA line, y = 0), typically considered as the border between pre-SMA and SMA. The maps were taken from the Human Motor Area Template (HMAT) [26], which uses both anatomical information and probability distributions estimating the likelihood of functional activation to characterize the shape, extent, and area of motor and premotor cortices. Area 4 corresponds to the primary motor cortex. (B) The medial surface of the macaque monkey brain showing area F3 (blue), which corresponds to SMA, and area F6 (red), which corresponds to pre-SMA. Area F1 corresponds to primary motor cortex. The human figure was generated from the Conte69 human surface-based atlas and the macaque figure was generated from subject F99 using Connectome Workbench software version 1.1.1. Anatomical parcellations of the macaque brain were sourced from the Markov et al.[118] atlas. Numbers in white represent locations of Brodmann's areas located in close proximity to SMA and pre-SMA. The gradients above SMA in the human and macaque brains illustrate the somatotopy in this region, with face/mouth (F/M), upper limb (UL), and lower limb (LL) representations depicted along an anterior-to-posterior orientation.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Key Figure: Responses in SMA and Pre-SMA During Auditory Processing and Auditory Imagery
Figure 2 Key Figure: Responses in SMA and Pre-SMA During Auditory Processing and Auditory ImageryCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure I Streams of Auditory Processing in the Human Brain. Lateral view of the anteroventral and posterodorsal auditory processing pathways (unbroken arrows), and anatomical connections between SMA and pre-SMA and inferior frontal, temporal and parietal areas (broken arrows). The main anatomical systems involved in sound processing are shown in color. Projecting from the primary auditory cortex into anterior temporal and inferior frontal areas, the anteroventral stream decodes meaning in sounds (‘what’). The posterodorsal pathway supports sensorimotor and spatial processes (‘how’ and ‘where’), and it projects posteriorly into inferior parietal, sensory, motor, and inferior frontal areas.
Figure I Streams of Auditory Processing in the Human Brain. Lateral view of the anteroventral and posterodorsal auditory processing pathways (unbroken arrows), and anatomical connections between SMA and pre-SMA and inferior frontal, temporal and parietal areas (broken arrows). The main anatomical systems involved in sound processing are shown in color. Projecting from the primary auditory cortex into anterior temporal and inferior frontal areas, the anteroventral stream decodes meaning in sounds (‘what’). The posterodorsal pathway supports sensorimotor and spatial processes (‘how’ and ‘where’), and it projects posteriorly into inferior parietal, sensory, motor, and inferior frontal areas.CC BY · PubMed Central

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  1. Vogt, 1919, Allgemeine ergebnisse unserer hirnforschung, Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie, 25, 277

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Metadata

Authors
Lima, C. F., Krishnan, S., & Scott, S. K.
Affiliations
  • University College London (GB)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Scott, Sophie K.
ORCID
Venue
Trends in Neurosciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-08
Volume
39
Issue
8
Pages
527-542
ISSN
0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.tins.2016.06.003
PMC
PMC5441995
OpenAlex
W2473628615
Cited by
227
References
152
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8
FWCI
1.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (WT090961MA, 090961)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
Keywords
supplementary motor area, pre-supplementary motor area, auditory processing, auditory imagery, sensorimotor integration, speech perception, vocalizations, music perception, auditory perception
MeSH terms
Animals, Auditory Perception, Humans, Imagination, Motor Activity, Motor Cortex

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