The DOI matches its Crossref record; 173 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 85 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research
Open accessOverview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This review synthesizes two decades of eTourism research and argues that ICTs have transformed tourism demand, supply, and industry structure. It identifies consumer-centric technologies as the likely future focus and calls for broader, more empirical research.
Key findings
- The review analyzed more than 149 relevant publications and organized the field around three main axes: consumers and demand, technological innovation, and industry/business functions.
- Cited bibliometric evidence includes Frew’s estimate of 665 refereed articles from 1980–1999, and Leung and Law’s finding of 4,140 papers in six leading hospitality/tourism journals from 1986–2005, of which 195 focused on ICTs, 66 appeared in Cornell Quarterly and only 5 in Annals of Tourism Research; among the 195, 137 (70.26%) had at least one author affiliated with a North American institution.
- The Internet changed consumer behavior through direct information search, online booking, price comparison and transparency, dynamic packaging, virtual travel communities/Web 2.0, and electronic complaints/word-of-mouth; barriers include payment security, privacy, lack of personal service, inexperience, and time.
- Technological and industry themes include interoperability/ontologies, multimedia/3D/telepresence, mobile/wireless/WiMAX/location-based services, website usability/accessibility, and ambient intelligence; the Internet alters competitive forces, distribution, disintermediation, branding, and pricing.
Methods
- Literature review of eTourism publications over 20 years, searching ScienceDirect, EBSCOHost’s tourism and hospitality index, and Google Scholar between April 2007 and January 2008 using keyword combinations, plus key references from mainstream journals and ENTER proceedings.
- More than 149 relevant articles were selected and analyzed, then grouped thematically into demand, technology, and industry dimensions, with implications and future research directions.
Limitations
- Stated: the review predominantly includes publications from tourism publication channels; it uses an unsophisticated method for grouping articles; it lacks empirical data from industry practitioners and academic researchers on the applicability and implications of the reviewed work; future studies should extend the publication period and analyze findings progressively.
- Evident from the text: the paper is a narrative/thematic synthesis rather than a systematic quantitative meta-analysis or primary empirical study, and the cited bibliometric data note a North American affiliation skew that may limit generalizability.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
55 No full text of the sources · 25 Own interpretation · 15 Sources not found · 8 No basis given · 3 Own method · 3 Own result · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the 195 papers analyzed in that study, 137 papers (70.26%) had at least one author who was affiliated with North American institutes.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three main themes are identified as the main axes of eTourism research, namely: Consumers and demand dimensions, Technological Innovation and Industry functions.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as the main axes of eTourism research, namely: Consumers and demand dimensions, Technological Innovation and Industry functions.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“VTCs, however, may be at risk of losing members if their members are not satisfied with the content, design, security policies, and repercussions for non-compliance with community rules (Allison et al., 2005;Wang et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Oorni and Klein (2003), however, found that low cost airlines have high online booking ratios because they offer simple products and are pursuing a direct sales strategy.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Oorni and Klein (2003) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In addition, satisfaction online has a positive impact on loyalty both to the organisational programmes and their website (Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Research findings have shown privacy issues also play a significant role in inhibiting purchase of travel-related products online (Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) is a useful tool to disseminate complaints about brands via websites, chat rooms and consumer forums (Gelb & Sundaram, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gelb & Sundaram, 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The Internet has changed tourism consumer behaviour dramatically (Mills & Law, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mills & Law, 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“At present, there is a large increase in the number of customers who make reservations directly from hotel websites (Jeong et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jeong et al., 2003 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 68
- It may state two separate claims as one. 47
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supportedcites Bakos, 1998 source
The Search section states that electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining price and product information and sellers’ costs of communicating it. It also says lower search costs help buyers identify products that better match their needs, supporting the citing sentence’s account of lower-cost information exchange. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Research found substantial price dispersion for domestic airline tickets offered by online travel agents in the US where the average price was lower than traditional travel agents (Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000;Clemons et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Clemons et al., 2002 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and Introduction report substantial price dispersion among online travel agents, and the study’s ticket requests were for travel entirely within the U.S. (data notes). The Introduction says requests were drawn from a traditional agent’s travel patterns, but the cited passages compare prices among online agents, not their average price with traditional agents. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supportedcites Bakos, 1998 source
The Search section says electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining information about sellers’ prices and product features. It adds that lower search costs help buyers identify and purchase products that better match their needs. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rapid development in telecommunication technologies, collaborations at the national and international levels had substantially increased publications 154% and 275% respectively between the first and second decades during the study period.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The literature review undertaken demonstrates that eTourism research is in its infancy and that a number of issues are only now start being addressed in the literature.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“out of 4140 papers published in the six leading research journals in hospitality and tourism in the period of 1986 to 2005”
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH · plain
“195 papers focused on ICTs, 66 of which appeared in the CQ and only 5 in the ATR.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the past 20 years have seen an emphasis on technology per se, then since the Year 2000 we have been witnessing the truly transformational effect of the communications technologies.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Technological progress and tourism have been going hand in hand for years (Sheldon, 1997;Poon, 1993).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Sheldon, 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Poon, 1993 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs play a critical role for the competitiveness of tourism organisations and destinations as well as for the entire industry as a whole (UNWTO, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites UNWTO, 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Developments in ICTs have undoubtedly changed both business practices and strategies as well as industry structures (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICTs have also changed radically the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism organisations, the way that businesses are conducted in the marketplace, as well as how consumers interact with organisations (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The establishment of the Computer Reservations Systems (CRSs) in the 1970s and Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) in the late 1980s, followed by the development of the Internet in the late 1990s, have transformed the best operational and strategic practices in the industry dramatically (Buhalis, 2003;O'Connor, 1999;Emmer et al,, 1993;eBusiness Watch, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the Internet era even individuals have sufficient power to take on powerful organizations such as airlines (Buhalis, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2004 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ICTs convergence effectively integrates the entire range of hardware, software, groupware, netware and humanware and blurs the boundaries between equipment and software (Werthner & Klein,1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Werthner & Klein,1999 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Internet is already influencing the consumer behaviour in developing countries such as China enabling consumers to have much more choice (Li & Buhalis, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Li & Buhalis, 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“According to Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) research, the reasons of consumers not purchasing travel products online are the lack of personal service, security issues, lack of experience, and time consuming.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002) summarized the Internet users' profile into seven e-social factors, namely: region/geography, culture, legal/regulation/policy, economic, ethical/professional, social capital/social networks, and social structure.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“ICTs not only reduce uncertainty and perceived risks but also enhance the quality of trips (Fodness & Murray, 1997).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fodness & Murray, 1997 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) study finds that utilitarianconsumption highly correlates with information search and online shopping behaviour.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Ricci (2002) further stated that a recommender system can provide valuable information to assist consumers' decision making process.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ricci (2002)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“At present, many tourism practitioners do not know which VTCs exist and how to handle e-complaints in virtual communities, resulting in losing customers and negative WOM (Mattila & Mount, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mattila & Mount, 2003 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the past, less than 5 percent of customers who were dissatisfied had actually voiced out their complaints (Albrecht & Zemke, 1985).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Albrecht & Zemke, 1985
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Customers search for travel related information, make online air ticket bookings, online room reservations, and other online purchases themselves instead of relying on travel agencies to undertake this process for them (Morrison et al., 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison et al., 2001 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Graeupl (2006), flight information and accommodation are the most searched topics for the consumers aged between 50 to 60 years olds, and most of them were not interested in package holidays.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Graeupl (2006)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs enable travellers to access reliable and accurate information as well as to undertake reservations in a fraction of time, cost and inconvenience required by conventional methods (O'Connor, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor, 1999 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many consumers rely on WOM to reduce the perceived risks and uncertainty before they make any purchases (Walker, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walker, 2001 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ICT driven business processes re-engineering observed in the industry gradually generates a new paradigm-shift.This alters the structure of the entire industry and develops a whole range of opportunities and threats for all stakeholders.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Leading global online travel agents, such as Expedia, Orbitz, Lastminute.com,Opodo and Travelocity, are mainly successful for their provision of a platform for one-stop shopping with significant improvement in usability and interaction design (Klein, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klein, 2002 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Weber and Roehl (1999) found that people purchasing travel products online are more likely to have been online for four years or more”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Weber and Roehl (1999) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Technology therefore emerges as an”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In recent years, children, however, also play a key role in the decision making process (Wang et al., 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wang et al., 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A recommender system can support travellers in a complex decision-making process by identifying better customer requirements and by correlating those to other consumers and their preferences (Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003, Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Although different recommendation technologies have been applied to eTourism, Rabanser and Ricci (2005) argued that the existence of different business models present application challenges.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rabanser and Ricci (2005) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Buhalis (1998) stated that potential tourists have become more independent and sophisticated on using a wide range of tools to arrange for their trips.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis (1998) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“According to Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990), the four major factors that influence information search in the tourism context are i) the composition of vacation groups, ii) the presence of families and friends at the destination, iii) prior visits to the destination, and iv) the degree of novelty associated with the destination.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Frew (2000) estimated that 665 refereed articles were published in the 20 years period 1980 through 1999.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Frew (2000) source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Personality has been related to the selection of vacation destinations, the choice of leisure activities throughout the vacation, and other travel-related decisions (Mardrigal, 1995).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mardrigal, 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A Virtual Travel Community (VTC) makes it easier for people to obtain information, maintain connections, develop relationships, and eventually make travel-related decisions (Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Despite VTCs' large potential impact on the tourism industry, Preece (2000) stated that research on the topic is still at an infancy stage when comparing to other geographical and physical communities.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Preece (2000)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Previous research showed that tourists who searched on the Internet tended to spend more at their destinations as compared to those who consult other information sources (Bonn, Furr, & Susskind, 1998;Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Travellers expect websites to be informative, interactive, and attractive (Chu, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chu, 2001 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, these technologies need further customization before they can totally match with users' needs.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The technical complexity of modern systems based on ICTs demands that all aspects of the innovation chain integrate their efforts.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > Implications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Lastly, Cunliffe (2000) emphasized a poor web design resulted in a loss of 50 percent of potential sales and the negative experience lead to a loss of 40 percent of potential repeated visits.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cunliffe (2000) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“WiMAX promotes conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard and provides wireless data over a long distance (Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Staab and Werthner (2002) stated that interoperability is a major technical issue”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Staab and Werthner (2002)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Internet is changing the industry structure by altering barriers to entry, minimising switching costs, revolutionising distribution channels, facilitating price transparency and competition, whilst enhancing production efficiency (Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) consolidated 25 tourism and hospitality website studies from 1996 to 2006 on website quality and features analysis and generated 74 website features.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The concentration and coherence required to achieve both significant technological development and market impact necessitate engagement of both the research and business communities to integrate the rapid co-evolution of technology, the market, social and administrative requirements.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > Implications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“eLearning has been accepted as a means of increasing skills and knowledge, and is being integrated into their training strategy along with other methods of delivering training.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the aforementioned benefits, hitherto the eTourism virtuality is still primitive.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > Implications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“mobile services now enable travellers to book hotel rooms and air-tickets, car rentals, retrieve information about transportation schedules, travel guides for destinations, and dining guides (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interoperability offers a realistic alternative to standardisation, as many of the initiatives to establish global standards in tourism have failed to be widely accepted.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The four primary functions of LBS for the traveller are: (1) localization of persons, objects, and places, (2) routing between them, (3) search for objects in proximity such as restaurants, shops, hotels, or sights, and (4) information about travelling conditions, such as traffic-related data (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Telepresence relies on how closely the computer-mediated experience simulates real-world interaction with a product and is determined by the extent to which interactivity is achieved (Fiore et al., 2005;Shih, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This jeopardises the opportunities for tourism corporations to develop credible interfaces with other members of the value-chain, and thus, it prevents them from developing their virtuality further.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > Implications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As a result, the Internet forces tourism organisations around the world to change their strategies dramatically (Buhalis & Zoge, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis & Zoge, 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Similarly, Maedche and Staab (2002;2003) showed that semantic web technologies can be used for tourism information systems to provide useful information on text and graphics, as well as generating a semantic description that is interpretable by machines.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Maedche and Staab (2002;2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“By using the Web and the Internet as marketing tools, tourism organizations also gained some distinct advantages in cost reduction, revenue growth, marketing research and database development, and customer retention (Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interacting with multimedia-enhanced websites can produce telepresence and allow people to “experience” products and destinations without actually visiting a place.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Han and Mills (2006) stated that the current website design have nine themes that will affect the screen readers for the visual-impaired users.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Han and Mills (2006)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“eLearning is also widely utilised as an essential feature of training delivery, but the levels of its adoption in companies differ.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The web therefore introduced utter transparency in the marketplace (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This trend commoditized the tourism product and challenged differentiation strategies and branding.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consumers are becoming incredibly powerful and are increasingly able to determine elements of their tourism products.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly ICTs are used to reengineer all business functions and processes towards supporting the organisation on its entirety rather than automating.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“WiMAX is expected to offer the highest possible coverage, up to 30 miles (Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007) providing Internet broadband wireless access to entire destinations.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Redesigning processes and eliminating repetitive tasks reduced labour costs and increased efficiency (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The technological revolution experienced through the development of the Internet has changed dramatically the market conditions for tourism organisations.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the Web allows people from around the world to virtually interact with a destination through three-dimensional (3D) virtual tours (Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Internet also enabled them to dynamically package their individualised products by combining different travel products (i.e.accommodation, transportation etc.) (Daniele & Frew, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Daniele & Frew, 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A major challenge for their wide adoption, however, is the language barriers (Chen & Hsu, 2000) that make the mobile information not providing the latest information due to delay in translation.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chen & Hsu, 2000 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Always-on (when users are connected to the Internet constantly) connectivity creates great opportunities for interactivity at the destination and the provision of personalized, contextualized, and location based services (LBS).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To the degree that tourism organizations need to interact dynamically with partners to develop and deliver tourism products, interoperability will be critical for their ability to work efficiently with others.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Pricing became utterly transparent and hence the price that appeared in different distribution channels had to be coordinated to ensure price parity (O'Connor, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites O'Connor, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, it is crucial for tourism practitioners to proactively incorporate ICTs into their efforts to improve service quality as ICTs enable organisations to dynamically differentiate and specialise their products and services.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A number of organisations fail to appreciate the benefits of co-opetition and co-destiny, when organisations collaborate with players that they would normally regard as competitors.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > Implications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“ICT developments have direct impacts on the competitiveness of enterprises they determine the two fundamental roots to competitive advantage, i.e. differentiation and cost advantage (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interoperability enables partners to interact electronically with each other by the most convenient method and to deliver the right information at the right time to the right user at the right cost.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a addition, Web 2.0 or Travel 2.0 providers such as Tripadvisor.com,IGOUGO.com and Wayn.com also enable consumers to interact and to offer peer to peer advice.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Assistive technologies such as voice browsers can provide certain assistance for these customers to access web information (Pühretmair, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pühretmair, 2004 source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They are also much more sophisticated and experienced and therefore are much more difficult to please.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“O'Connor and Murphy (2004) reviewed recent research on information technology in the hospitality industry and revealed three broad research areas: the Internet's effects on distribution; on pricing; and on consumer interactions.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor and Murphy (2004) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Internet promotes the mass-customisation of tourism products as it supports the industry to target niche markets of significant size in different geographical locations.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is not expected to offer wide and omnipresent coverage like mobile networks do.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These three themes represent the stakeholders in the demand, supply, and technologies.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other limitations of this study are the adoption of an unsophisticated method for grouping the published articles”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
The paper relies on this without support.
People with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.
“The hospitality and tourism industries should be aware of the fact that people with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.
“Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This developmental trajectory continued with the widespread adoption of social media (Sigala et al. 2012), and a move towards realizing mobile tourism in recognition of the high mobility of tourism information and of tourism consumers (Buhalis and Law 2008;Wang et al. 2012).”
From Smart tourism: foundations and developments (2015) · cites this paper as Buhalis and Law 2008
In the citing paper
“As a result, consumers demand highly personalised products that are related to their individual context (Buhalis and Law, 2008) and an effective way to communicate dynamically.”
From SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-creation of value (2015) · cites this paper as Buhalis and Law, 2008
In the citing paper
“Further opportunities will arrive with the increased introduction of 4G and 5G and extensive Wifi coverage, which will provide users with wireless broadband Internet access to entire destinations and the elimination of expensive data roaming charges (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
From SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-creation of value (2015) · cites this paper as Buhalis and Law, 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
“(Pechlaner et al., 2002, Main, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > References
“80. Main, H. (2001). The expansion of technology in small and medium hospitality enterprises with a focus on net technology.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > References
“120. Raggam, K., & Almer, A. (2005). Acceptance of Geo-multimedia Applications in Austrian Tourism Organizations. In M. Sigala, L. Mich, & J. Murphy (Eds). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2007, (pp. 163-174). New York: Springer- Verlag Wien.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > References
“136. Stepchenkova, S., Mills, J.E., & Jiang, H. (2007). Virtual Travel Communities: Self-Reported Experiences and Satisfaction. In M. Sigala, L. Mich, & J. Murphy (Eds). Information and communication technologies in tourism 2007, (pp. 163-174). New York: Springer-Verlag Wien.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > References
“67. Kim, W.G., & Lee, H.Y. (2004). Comparison of Web Service Quality between Online Travel Agencies and Online Travel Suppliers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 17(2/3), 105-116.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > References
“128. Shea, L., Enghagen, L., & Khullar, A. (2004). Internet Diffusion of an E-Complaint: A Content Analysis of Unsolicited Responses. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 17(2/3), 105-116.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
“The Internet is already influencing the consumer behaviour in developing countries such as China enabling consumers to have much more choice (Li & Buhalis, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > References
“74. Li, L. & Buhalis, D. (2005). Predicting Internet Usage for Travel Bookings in China.”
Citations
Cites
Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
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The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Rheingold, H. (1994) · Cited by 5,655
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 3,759
How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy
Porter, M. E. (1989) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_10 · Cited by 3,270
Frictionless commerce? A comparison of Internet and conventional retailers
Brynjolfsson, E., & Smith, M. D. (2000) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.46.4.563.12061 · Cited by 2,498
Decision support systems and intelligent systems
Turban, E., & Aronson, J. E. (1997) · University of Maribor digital library (University of Maribor) · Cited by 2,452
E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework
Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.10063 · Cited by 2,310
Reducing buyer search costs: Implications for electronic marketplaces
Bakos, J. Y. (1997) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1676 · Cited by 2,259
Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250989 · Cited by 1,587
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Baum, 2001, E-learning in hospitality and tourism. Education, Singapore's Knowledge Industry Journal, December, 32
- Odinma, 2007, The trends in broadband wireless network technologies, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8, 118
- Pouloudi, A., Vassilopoulou, K., & Ziouvelou, X. (2002). Considering the societal implications in the adoption of e-business models. In Proceedings of 6th international conference on the transformation of organizations in the information age: Social and ethical implications (ETHICOMP’2002), Lisbon, Portugal, 13–15 November (pp. 237–246).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Srivastava, P., & Tyagi, P. K. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8764-1.ch014
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Tourism, Specialization, Externalities, Agglomeration and Regional Innovation Systems
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Spatiality, Temporality, Co-terminality: Tourism as a Place and Knowledge-Based Activity
Romão, J. (2025) · Advances in spatial science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88626-3_3
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Ramadhani, A. F., Rosita, R., & Marhanah, S. (2025) · Ganaya Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora · doi:10.37329/ganaya.v8i2.4176
“Selain itu, perkembangan teknologi dan digitalisasi telah mengubah cara masyarakat mengakses informasi dan merencanakan perjalanan (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
The impact of smart technologies on tourist wellbeing: The moderating role of need-for-cognition
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Azyzy, Y. E. (2025) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81485-3_15
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“Information and communication technology has provided strong support to the tourist sector, allowing online platforms to expand quickly and introducing new tools for marketing and administration [38].”
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Nikas, I. A., Koutras, A., & Theodora, A. (2025) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78471-2_20
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Modern Marketing in Indian Tourism
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REGULATORY LAG IN SMART TOURISM TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND ITS IMPACT
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Johri, H. T. A. P. G. B. S. (2024) · International Journal of Development Research · doi:10.37118/ijdr.28817.02.2024
Mecozzi, A., Cornaglia, M., & Magagnoli, F. (2025) · Visual Anthropology · doi:10.1080/08949468.2025.2529759
“This phenomenon has expanded the choices available to smart tourists significantly during the pre-consumption phase of a trip, compared to what was possible before the widespread dissemination of Internet technologies (Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Sustainable Development Practices in Romanian Mountain Tourism
Brătucu, G. (2025) · Contributions to management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93875-7_20
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Kapoor, D., & Khandelwal, R. (2025) · Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management · doi:10.1057/s41272-025-00548-3
“Since the inception of ICT, new business models have emerged and existing business models have transformed (Buhalis & Law 2008; Mitas et al. 2015; Nwaiwu 2018; Perelygina et al. 2022).”
Seventilofa, I. G. N. O. (2025) · Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora · doi:10.59896/pesolah.v1i1.345
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Kumar, A., Singh, S., & Agha, K. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-066-220251004
Employee Perspectives on the Virtual Environment in Metaverse Hotels: Insights and Implications
Kong, A., Kwan, M., Pang, L., & Jia, F. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp6030158
“From the introduction of online booking systems and digital check-ins to the implementation of mobile concierge services, technology has profoundly reshaped hotel operations and guest interactions (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Sun, X. (2025) · Transactions on Social Science Education and Humanities Research · doi:10.62051/z7ch6k38
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Kadkhodaei, Z., Nasab, H. R., & Nasab, M. R. (2025) · Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences · doi:10.61882/jgs.25.79.17
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“The tourism industry has rapidly grown in recent decades due to advances in information technology, global connectivity, and changing traveler behaviors [1].”
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The Role of Information Systems in Sustainable Tourism
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“This implies that tourists increasingly rely on social media to undertake the entire process themselves rather than depending on travel agencies (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
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“ICTs have proven to be essential for value chain management in destinations [9,16].”
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Islam, M. I. U., Baba, M. M., Ahmad, A., et al. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80592-501-920251005
Batubara, M. H. (2025) · Priviet Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i11.670
“Buhalis and Law (2008); Sönmez et al (2022); Alshaheen and Tang (2022); Novák et al (2023) believe a well-organized information structure is essential to improve user experience.”
Yun, O.-H., & Marzuki, A. (2025) · PLANNING MALAYSIA · doi:10.21837/pm.v23i38.1847
“According to Buhalis and Law (2008), travel agencies can leverage e-business technologies to enhance the value of their services.”
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“Además, los hallazgos empíricos refuerzan las afirmaciones de autores como Buhalis & Law (2008); Sigala & Rahimi (2019), quienes argumentaron que el uso de tecnologías de la información y los sistemas de gestión hotelera (PMS, CRS, CRM, BI) han transformado radicalmente el sector, permitiendo una…”
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“Encouragement of a worldwide travel community helps users to make wise selections, therefore simplifying and improving the travel planning process [13][14].”
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Systematic Approach to Design of Distance Graduate Management Programmes
Rodriguez, P. (2011) · Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin) · doi:10.21427/d7331j
“The T&HM industry, the biggest provider of jobs worldwide (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Page, Brunt, Busby, & Connell, 2001), serves the interests of stakeholders in both public and private sectors.”
BackgroundTo Use or not to Use? Instagram Usage to Promote Destinations
Pinhal, R., Estima, A. C. F. T., & Duarte, P. A. O. (2025) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5396-6_30
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Candelária, C., Remondes, J., Teixeira, S., & Lima, A. (2025) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5400-0_44
Sharma, R., Kumar, P., & Nadda, V. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-106-520251017
Lu, T.-C., Liao, L.-H., Chen, Y.-H., et al. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-Taiwan) · doi:10.1109/icce-taiwan66881.2025.11207748
Pires, A., & Rafael, C. (2025) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93275-5_21
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Supply and Value Chains and the Circular Tourism Economy
Aslan, M. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-916-020251003
Song, Q., Qian, C., & Wei, R. (2025) · Open Journal of Applied Sciences · doi:10.4236/ojapps.2025.1512271
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Bouizgar, M., Khizzou, N. B., Aarabe, M., et al. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07718-9_53
Karmaoui, F. Z. E., Blaidi, E. O. E., & Hammoumi, A. E. (2025) · Lecture notes in information systems and organisation · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06725-8_23
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Pinhal, R., Estima, A. C. F. T., & Duarte, P. (2026) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99466-1_33
İŞERİ, C., & Göde, M. Ö. (2026) · Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality · doi:10.48119/toleho.1805712
“…closely follows technological innovations and shows an ability to adapt quickly, and food and beverage businesses also evaluate the opportunity to offer many innovations to their customers by following advances in technology (Lau, 2020; Buhalis & Law, 2008; Ekincek, Yayla & Ozgur Gode, 2021).”
InfluentialTepebaşı, B., & Bilgili, B. (2026) · Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.35343/kosbed.1832460
Madhyamapurush, W. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Science Journal · doi:10.31893/multiscience.2026409
“This has forced providers to adopt a customer-oriented business strategy, such as personalization and interaction with customers to foster loyalty (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
Putra, A. A. N. S., Gumilar, G., Rumba, R., et al. (2026) · Jurnal Masyarakat Madani Indonesia · doi:10.59025/gkn0ev46
Smart tourism in the age of IoT: a futures study of Fars Province, Iran
Kaveh, K., Nekooeezadeh, M., Alimohammadlo, M., & Khodadadi, M. (2026) · Journal of Tourism Futures · doi:10.1108/jtf-10-2024-0221
Rana, V. S., Raina, A., Bathla, G., et al. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9506-6.ch002
Kamal, M. A. I. M., Mansor, M. A. M., Zakaria, N. A. J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Environment Management · doi:10.35631/jthem.1042025
Napierała, T., & Tomczyk, A. T. (2026) · Tourism Economics · doi:10.1177/13548166261421402
“The development of the Internet, social media, websites, smartphones, smart applications, and the overall virtual world has changed how information is distributed and how people plan and consume (Buhalis et al., 2023; Buhalis and Law, 2008; Dwivedi et al., 2024).”
Zhang, X., ZAKARIYAH, K. A., BELFAQUIR, N., & Bolakale, S. S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6175979
Metadata
- Authors
- Buhalis, D., & Law, R.
- Affiliations
- Bournemouth University (GB)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Buhalis, Dimitrios
- Venue
- Tourism Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 609-623
- ISSN
- 0261-5177 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041711461
- Semantic Scholar
- 862fb90d5a788335f20fd03bb76be7e143aca153
- Cited by
- 3,823
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 240 · 2025: 238 · 2024: 268 · 2023: 213 · 2022: 257 · 2021: 320 · 2020: 333 · 2019: 268 · 2018: 221 · 2017: 257 · 2016: 245 · 2015: 235 · 2014: 193 · 2013: 185 · 2012: 141
- FWCI
- 235.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Tourism Management (publishedVersion)
- Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) (submittedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
- Memoria digital de Canarias (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Hospitality and Tourism Education
- Keywords
- eTourism, information technology in tourism, tourism industry structure, research trends
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