Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research

Garrow, Laurie A.; German, Brian J.; Leonard, Caroline E.

doi:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377

Cited by 488Air Traffic Management and OptimizationTransportation and Mobility InnovationsAdvanced Aircraft Design and Technologies

Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research

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Garrow, Laurie A., German, Brian J., Leonard, Caroline E.·2021·Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

DOI 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377

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Abstract

Urban air mobility (UAM), if successful, will disrupt urban transportation. UAM is not the first disruptive technology in transportation, with recent examples including electric ground vehicles (EVs), autonomous ground vehicles (AVs), and sharing services. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis of about 800 articles in the UAM, EV, and AV areas that have been published from January 2015 to June 2020, and compare and contrast research thrusts in order to inform future UAM research. Alongside this effort, we conduct an in-depth review of articles related to demand modeling, operations, and integration with existing infrastructure. We use insights from the meta-analysis and comprehensive review to inform future UAM research directions. Some of the potential research directions we identify include: (1) developing more refined demand models that incorporate the timing of when individuals will adopt UAM; (2) developing high-fidelity simulation models for UAM operations that capture interactions among vertiport locations, vertiport topology, demand, pricing, dispatching, and airspace restrictions; (3) explicitly considering one-way demand and parking constraints in demand and operational models; and (4) developing more realistic time-of-day energy profiles for UAM vehicles in order to assess whether the current electrical grid can support UAM operations.

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The value of trip time for AVs will potentially decrease significantly, as individuals will be more productive in AVs.
“Furthermore, the value of trip time for AVs will potentially decrease significantly, as individuals will be more productive in AVs [55].”
From Assessing the Role of Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Areas: A Systematic Review of Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
Section 7 (Conclusions) says AV travel-time values may decrease significantly because passengers can be more productive, but specifies commute trips. Section 4.2.4 (Value of time) reports no significant reduction for leisure or shopping trips in one study, so the claim is too broad when applied to AV trips generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Due to the lack of legislation, autonomous vehicle deployment and operation require some form of regulation.
“Due to the lack of legislation, autonomous vehicle deployment and operation require some form of regulation [55,64,65].”
From Assessing the Role of Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Areas: A Systematic Review of Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
Section 3.2 describes aviation as highly regulated, while §5.2.1 discusses existing transportation-planning legislation and regulations relevant to integrating urban air mobility. Neither passage addresses a lack of legislation for autonomous ground vehicles or says their deployment and operation require regulation; searches for those terms found no such statement. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Authors: Garrow, L. A., German, B. J., & Leonard, C. E.
Affiliations: Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Garrow, Laurie A.
ORCID: Garrow, Laurie A.
German, Brian J.
Venue: Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-11
Volume: 132
Pages: 103377
ISSN: 0968-090X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103377
OpenAlex: W3203424619
Cited by: 488
References: 225
Citations by year: 2026: 153 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 3
FWCI: 28.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Air Traffic Management and Optimization
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Transportation and Mobility Innovations
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
Keywords: urban air mobility, electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, demand modeling, vertiports, energy profile, airspace restrictions, computer simulation

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Urban air mobility: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis with autonomous and electric ground transportation for informing future research

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