Booster vaccination in the elderly: Their success depends on the vaccine type applied earlier in life as well as on pre-vaccination antibody titers
Abstract
Background Recent retrospective studies demonstrate that elderly persons have a shortened protection period following vaccination with recall antigens.Methods We now analysed the effect of booster vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing tetanus, dipththeria, pertussis and polio antigens in 252 healthy elderly persons. The magnitude of the humoral immune response was assessed by antibody measurements.Results Comparison with a small control group of 21 younger persons demonstrates that pre- and post-vaccination antibody concentrations are lower in elderly persons for all antigens except polio, for which higher pre- and similar post-vaccination antibody levels are observed. Using multiple linear regression analysis we also show that the magnitude of the humoral immune response in elderly persons greatly depends on pre-vaccination antibody concentrations in the case of tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, but much less so in the case of polio, against which priming and preceding booster immunizations were performed with attenuated live vaccine.Conclusion Regular booster vaccinations throughout life are of clinical importance to maintain the ability to respond to recall antigens in old age. Longer lasting protection and good responsiveness to boosting in spite of low antibody titres can be expected following exposure to live vaccine earlier in life.
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The immune system changes with age in nearly every aspect, generally leading to weaker pathogen immunity.
“The immune system changes with age in nearly every aspect, generally resulting in a decline in pathogen immunity with increased age.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Ageing is associated with high morbidity and mortality from various infections and with substantially lower vaccine efficacy.
“ageing is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for various infections and significant reductions in vaccine efficacy1-6”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Pertussis is relevant for older age groups and does not solely affect infants.
“Epidemiological data show that pertussis is relevant for older age groups and does not solely affect infants [177].”
From Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination (2016) · cites this paper as [177]
Immunogenicity of pertussis vaccine is lower in the elderly compared with younger adults.
“Immunogenicity of the vaccine is lower in the elderly compared with that in younger adults [177].”
From Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination (2016) · cites this paper as [177]
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Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies for Older Adults
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Biology of Immune Responses to Vaccines in the Elderly
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Can a DNA vaccine protect against Chagas disease? A systematic review of preclinical studies
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- Authors
- Kaml, M., Weiskirchner, I., Keller, M., Luft, T., Hoster, E., Hasford, J., Young, L., Bartlett, B., Neuner, C., Fischer, K.-H., Neuman, B., Würzner, R., & Grubeck-Loebenstein, B.
- Affiliations
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Sanofi (Canada) (CA)
- Sanofi (United States) (US)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Venue
- Vaccine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 47-48
- Pages
- 6808-6811
- ISSN
- 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085713763
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Vaccine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sanofi Pasteur
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Keywords
- booster vaccination, older adults, humoral immune response, antibody titers, recall antigens, live attenuated vaccine, vaccine priming, immunosenescence, vaccine protection duration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Antibody Formation, Female, Humans, Immunization, Secondary, Male, Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated, Regression Analysis, Vaccines, Cohort Studies, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, Vaccines, Conjugate
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