A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a Phase I clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus is a member of the Coronaviridae (CoV) family that first appeared in the Guangdong Province of China in 2002 and was recognized as an emerging infectious disease in March 2003. Over 8,000 cases and 900 deaths occurred during the epidemic. We report the safety and immunogenicity of a SARS DNA vaccine in a Phase I human study. Methods A single-plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the Spike (S) glycoprotein was evaluated in 10 healthy adults. Nine subjects completed the 3 dose vaccination schedule and were evaluated for vaccine safety and immune responses. Immune response was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), ELISpot, ELISA, and neutralization assays. Results The vaccine was well-tolerated. SARS-CoV-specific antibody was detected by ELISA in 8 of 10 subjects and neutralizing antibody was detected in all subjects who received 3 doses of vaccine. SARS-CoV-specific CD4+ T cell responses were detected in all vaccinees, and CD8+ T cell responses in ∼20% of individuals. Conclusions The VRC SARS DNA vaccine was well tolerated and produced cellular immune responses and neutralizing antibody in healthy adults.
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There is no effective treatment for SARS to date, and no vaccine has been approved.
“There is no effective treatment to date, 17 and despite promising advances, 18,19 no vaccine has been approved.”
From Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) mathematical models and disease parameters: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Martin, J. E., Louder, M. K., Holman, L. A., Gordon, I. J., Enama, M. E., Larkin, B. D., Andrews, C. A., Vogel, L., Koup, R. A., Roederer, M., Bailer, R. T., Gomez, P. L., Nason, M., Mascola, J. R., Nabel, G. J., & Graham, B. S.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Graham, Barney S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Vaccine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 6338-6343
- ISSN
- 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2612543
- OpenAlex
- W2030896204
- Semantic Scholar
- 45a255640c671aeeda17ac707ab25c30e3d65d63
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Vaccine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Z01AI005047)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV, DNA vaccine, spike protein, neutralizing antibodies, cell-mediated immunity, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, vaccine safety, immunogenicity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Humans, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Neutralization Tests, Viral Envelope Proteins, Viral Vaccines, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Treatment Outcome, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Vaccines, DNA, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Young Adult, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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