T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses
Open accessAbstract
Emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pose potential biological threats to humans. SARS and MERS are manifested as severe atypical pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. The majority of studies carried out in SARS-CoV-infected humans and animals attribute a dysregulated/exuberant innate response as a leading contributor to SARS-CoV-mediated pathology. A decade after the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic, we do not have any approved preventive or therapeutic agents available in case of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or other related viruses. A strong neutralizing antibody response generated against the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV is completely protective in the susceptible host. However, neutralizing antibody titers and the memory B cell response are short lived in SARS-recovered patients and the antibody will target primary homologous strain. Interestingly, the acute phase of SARS in humans is associated with a severe reduction in the number of T cells in the blood. Surprisingly, only a limited number of studies have explored the role of the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response in respiratory coronavirus pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of anti-virus CD4 and CD8 T cells during respiratory coronavirus infections with a special emphasis on emerging coronaviruses.
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Anti-S T-cell responses to SARS- and MERS-CoVs contribute toward viral clearance in normal as well as aged mice infected with SARS- or MERS-CoV, respectively.
“anti-S T-cell responses to the related SARS- and MERS-CoVs contribute toward viral clearance in normal as well as aged mice infected with SARS- or MERS-CoV, respectively (43–45).”
From An <i>Alphavirus</i> -derived replicon RNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
The sections on T-cell responses in infected animals and on memory T cells report that spike-specific responses contribute to SARS-CoV clearance in young mice and can improve clearance or protection in older mice. The MERS-CoV passage reports spike-specific CD8 T cells and a role for T cells in clearance in susceptible mice, but does not establish the claimed effect in aged MERS-CoV-infected mice. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Channappanavar, R., Zhao, J., & Perlman, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perlman, Stanley
- Venue
- Immunologic Research
- Published
- 2014-05-21
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 118-128
- ISSN
- 0257-277X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0755
- PMC
- PMC4125530
- OpenAlex
- W2025080738
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 133 · 2020: 205 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunologic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI091322, P01AI060699)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS036592)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Keywords
- T cell immunity, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, adaptive immunity, coronavirus pathogenesis, neutralizing antibodies, spike protein, memory B cells, innate immune dysregulation, emerging infectious diseases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Immunologic Memory, Portraits as Topic, Time Factors, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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