Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Testing of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an older population is important, since increased incidences of illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have been associated with an older age. METHODS: We conducted a phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial of a messenger RNA vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-2P) in healthy adults. The trial was expanded to include 40 older adults, who were stratified according to age (56 to 70 years or ≥71 years). All the participants were assigned sequentially to receive two doses of either 25 μg or 100 μg of vaccine administered 28 days apart. RESULTS: Solicited adverse events were predominantly mild or moderate in severity and most frequently included fatigue, chills, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site. Such adverse events were dose-dependent and were more common after the second immunization. Binding-antibody responses increased rapidly after the first immunization. By day 57, among the participants who received the 25-μg dose, the anti-S-2P geometric mean titer (GMT) was 323,945 among those between the ages of 56 and 70 years and 1,128,391 among those who were 71 years of age or older; among the participants who received the 100-μg dose, the GMT in the two age subgroups was 1,183,066 and 3,638,522, respectively. After the second immunization, serum neutralizing activity was detected in all the participants by multiple methods. Binding- and neutralizing-antibody responses appeared to be similar to those previously reported among vaccine recipients between the ages of 18 and 55 years and were above the median of a panel of controls who had donated convalescent serum. The vaccine elicited a strong CD4 cytokine response involving type 1 helper T cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study involving older adults, adverse events associated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine were mainly mild or moderate. The 100-μg dose induced higher binding- and neutralizing-antibody titers than the 25-μg dose, which supports the use of the 100-μg dose in a phase 3 vaccine trial. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; mRNA-1273 Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04283461.).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
S-2P differs from the spike protein in the reference SARS-CoV-2 genome (NC_045512) by two amino acids, i.e., amino acids KV at sites 986 and 987 were replaced by PP.
“Both mRNA encodes the same S-2P protein [5,6] which differ from the spike protein in the reference SARS-CoV-2 genome (NC_045512) by two amino acids, i.e., amino acids KV at sites 986 and 987 were replaced by PP to stabilize the resulting spike protein in the prefusion state to train the host immune system to recognize the virus before its entry into the host cell [7,8].”
From Detailed Dissection and Critical Evaluation of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA Vaccines (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
The Methods section (‘mRNA-1273 Vaccine’; page not provided) says S-2P contains two proline substitutions, and the Discussion describes them as prefusion-stabilizing mutations. Our copy does not identify the original residues as KV, give positions 986 and 987, or specify the reference genome accession NC_045512. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe reactogenicity associated with immunization with mRNA-1273 in this trial is similar to that in the phase 1 data reported previously.
“The reactogenicity associated with immunization with mRNA-1273 in this trial is similar to that in the phase 1 data reported previously. 1,4”
From Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
The mRNA-1273 vaccine demonstrated protection in animal-challenge experiments and encouraging safety and immunogenicity in early-stage human testing.
“The mRNA-1273 vaccine demonstrated protection in animal-challenge experiments 15 and encouraging safety and immunogenicity in early-stage human testing. 1,4”
From Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
mRNA-1273 produced TH1 cell responses after the first dose, with 0.05% of circulating CD4+ T cells releasing TNF and/or IL-2 after in vitro stimulation with S protein peptides.
“mRNA-1273 was shown to elicit TH1 cell responses after the first dose, with 0.05% of circulating CD4+ T cells secreting tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and/or interleukin-2 (IL-2) following in vitro stimulation with S protein peptides73 (Table 1; see Supplementary Table 1);”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [73]
By late 2020, two mRNA vaccines had been authorized in the US, UK, Israel, and EU, with millions vaccinated.
“Based on results from phase-III vaccine trials utilizing mRNA vaccines (Anderson et al., 2020; Polack et al., 2020), two vaccines have been approved in the United States, United Kingdom, Israel, and the European Union, and several million individuals have been vaccinated since late 2020.”
From COVID-19 and the human innate immune system (2021) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2020
The mRNA vaccines showed unexpectedly high effectiveness in older adults, despite age-related immune changes.
“A most surprising finding in light of age-related changes in the adaptive and the innate immune system is the similarly high efficiency of these vaccines in the elderly population.”
From COVID-19 and the human innate immune system (2021) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2020
Moderna demonstrated increased immune response, measured by higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers, by increasing the dose of the second vaccination from 25 μL to 100 μL.
“Moderna has recently demonstrated an increased immune response determined by higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers by increasing the dose of the second vaccination from 25 µL to 100 µL [14].”
From Age-dependent Immune Response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
In a study of the Moderna 1273 mRNA vaccine in individuals above 55 years of age, neutralization was detectable only after the second dose, whereas binding antibodies were detectable after both doses.
“Furthermore, in a study of the Moderna 1273 mRNA vaccine in individuals above 55 years of age, neutralization was detectable only after the second dose, whereas binding antibodies were detectable after both doses 19 .”
From Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
Pseudovirus neutralization titers to D614G were threefold higher than to WA1.
“Similar to previous studies from our group (15) and others (18), pseudovirus neutralization titers to D614G were threefold higher than to WA1 (Fig. 2G).”
From Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Vaccination with mRNA-1273 elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 WA1 in subjects aged 56 to 70 and 71 and older that are as potent and durable as those elicited in adults aged 18 to 55, with a slight decrease in potency for the oldest subjects in live-virus neutralization.
“We previously showed that vaccination with mRNA-1273 elicited antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 WA1 in subjects aged 56 to 70 and 71 and older that are as potent (15) and durable (13) as those elicited in adults aged 18 to 55, with a slight decrease in potency for the oldest subjects in live-virus neutralization (13).”
From Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Both COVID-19 mRNA vaccines use ionizable lipid nanoparticles to deliver nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding the full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
“Both vaccines use ionizable lipid nanoparticles to deliver nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding the full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (Fig. 4).”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
Applying a prime-boost vaccination method, the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce high levels of antigen-specific antibodies and elicit robust T helper 1 cell responses.
“Applying a prime–boost vaccination method, the vaccines induce high levels of antigen-specific antibodies and elicit robust T helper 1 cell responses19–21.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines showed similar efficacy (~95%) in phase III clinical trials.
“Moreover, the vaccines showed similar efficacy (~95%) in phase III clinical trials19–21.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
Both mRNA encodes the same S-2P protein.
“Both mRNA encodes the same S-2P protein [5,6] which differ from the spike protein in the reference SARS-CoV-2 genome (NC_045512) by two amino acids, i.e., amino acids KV at sites 986 and 987 were replaced by PP to stabilize the resulting spike protein in the prefusion state to train the host immune system to recognize the virus before its entry into the host cell [7,8].”
From Detailed Dissection and Critical Evaluation of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA Vaccines (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China
Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y.-M., Wang, W., Song, Z.-G., Hu, Y., Tao, Z.-W., Tian, J.-H., Pei, Y.-Y., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 · Cited by 11,688 · see citing works
Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY
Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., Curtis, H. J., Mehrkar, A., Evans, D., Inglesby, P., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4 · Cited by 6,674 · see citing works
Korber, B., Fischer, W. M., Gnanakaran, S., Yoon, H., Theiler, J., Abfalterer, W., Hengartner, N., Giorgi, E. E., Bhattacharya, T., Foley, B., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043 · Cited by 4,281 · see citing works
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Coler, R. N., McCullough, M. P., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2022483 · Cited by 3,237 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Shown are reciprocal end-point binding IgG titers on receptor-binding domain (RBD) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Panel A), along with titers to 614D on the pseudovirus neutralization assay at a 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) (Panel B), on the focus reduction neutralization test mNeonGreen assay (FRNTmNG I…”
Self-citationClinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections
Long, Q.-X., Tang, X.-J., Shi, Q.-L., Li, Q., Deng, H.-J., Yuan, J., Hu, J.-L., Xu, W., Zhang, Y., Lv, F.-J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6 · Cited by 2,686 · see citing works
CDC COVID-19 Response Team, CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Bialek, S. R., Boundy, E. O., Bowen, V. B., Chow, N. A., Cohn, A. C., Dowling, N. F., Ellington, S., Gierke, R., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e2 · Cited by 2,278 · see citing works
Correlates of protection induced by vaccination
Plotkin, S. A. (2010) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00131-10 · Cited by 1,745 · see citing works
Mulligan, M. J., Lyke, K. E., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Neuzil, K., Raabe, V., Bailey, R., Swanson, K. A., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.20142570 · Cited by 1,569 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract
Hou, Y. J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C. E., Martinez, D. R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K. H., Kato, T., Lee, R. E., Yount, B. L., Mascenik, T. M., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen
Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Wrapp, D., Kirchdoerfer, R. N., Turner, H. L., Cottrell, C. A., Becker, M. M., Wang, L., Shi, W., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1707304114 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates
Corbett, K. S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K. E., Francica, J. R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A. P., Flach, B., O’Connell, S., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2024671 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques
Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A. J., McMahan, K., Mercado, N. B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L. H., Yu, J., Maliga, Z., Nekorchuk, M., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc4776 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2
Xie, X., Muruato, A., Lokugamage, K. G., Narayanan, K., Zhang, X., Zou, J., Liu, J., Schindewolf, C., Bopp, N. E., Aguilar, P. V., et al. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.004 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies
Wec, A. Z., Wrapp, D., Herbert, A. S., Maurer, D. P., Haslwanter, D., Sakharkar, M., Jangra, R. K., Dieterle, M. E., Lilov, A., Huang, D., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc7424 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Self-citationFeldman, R. A., Fuhr, R., Smolenov, I., (Mick) Ribeiro, A., Panther, L., Watson, M., Senn, J. J., Smith, M., Almarsson, Ӧ., Pujar, H. S., et al. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.074 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Vaccination in the elderly: The challenge of immune changes with aging
Ciabattini, A., Nardini, C., Santoro, F., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., & Medaglini, D. (2018) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.10.010 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Disappearance of Antibodies to SARS-Associated Coronavirus after Recovery
Cao, W.-C., Liu, W., Zhang, P.-H., Zhang, F., & Richardus, J. H. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc070348 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Varicella‐Zoster Virus–Specific Immune Responses in Elderly Recipients of a Herpes Zoster Vaccine
Levin, M. J., Oxman, M. N., Zhang, J. H., Johnson, G. R., Stanley, H., Hayward, A. R., Caulfield, M. J., Irwin, M. R., Smith, J. G., Clair, J. S., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/528696 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Modjarrad, K., Roberts, C. C., Mills, K. T., Castellano, A. R., Paolino, K. M., Muthumani, K., Reuschel, E. L., Robb, M. L., Racine, T., Oh, M., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30266-x · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Martin, J. E., Louder, M. K., Holman, L. A., Gordon, I. J., Enama, M. E., Larkin, B. D., Andrews, C. A., Vogel, L., Koup, R. A., Roederer, M., et al. (2008) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.026 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationAndrew, M. K., Shinde, V., Ye, L., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jix282 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Ledgerwood, J. E., Pierson, T. C., Hubka, S. A., Desai, N., Rucker, S., Gordon, I. J., Enama, M. E., Nelson, S., Nason, M., Gu, W., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir054 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine
Damme, P. V. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv750 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Immune Senescence and Vaccination in the Elderly
Lang, P. O., Govind, S., ten Bokum, A., Kenny, N., Matas, E., Pitts, D. G., & Aspinall, R. (2013) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/15680266113136660181 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [4]Corbett KS, Edwards D, Leist SR, et al. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine development enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness. June 11, 2020 (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.145920v1). preprint. PMC7581537 32756549 · DOI
- [13]Walsh EE, Frenck R, Falsey AR, et al. RNA-based COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 selected for a pivotal efficacy study. August 28, 2020 (https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651v2). preprint. · DOI
- [16]Corbett KS, Edwards DK, Leist SR, et al. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness. Nature 2020 August 5 (Epub ahead of print). 32756549 PMC7581537
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119 · see citing works
Self-citationLipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery
Hou, X., Zaks, T., Langer, R., & Dong, Y. (2021) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00358-0 · Cited by 4,076 · see citing works
Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7
Wang, P., Nair, M. S., Liu, L., Iketani, S., Luo, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, M., Yu, J., Zhang, B., Kwong, P. D., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03398-2 · Cited by 2,312 · see citing works
Self-citationRamasamy, M. N., Minassian, A. M., Ewer, K. J., Flaxman, A. L., Folegatti, P. M., Owens, D. R., Voysey, M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Babbage, G., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32466-1 · Cited by 1,324 · see citing works
COVID-19 and the human innate immune system
Schultze, J. L., & Aschenbrenner, A. C. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.029 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19
Doria-Rose, N., Suthar, M. S., Makowski, M., O’Connell, S., McDermott, A. B., Flach, B., Ledgerwood, J. E., Mascola, J. R., Graham, B. S., Lin, B. C., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2103916 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Self-citationDurability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination
Widge, A. T., Rouphael, N. G., Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., Pruijssers, A. J., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2032195 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Self-citationEmary, K. R. W., Golubchik, T., Aley, P. K., Ariani, C. V., Angus, B., Bibi, S., Blane, B., Bonsall, D., Cicconi, P., Charlton, S., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00628-0 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Increased resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variant P.1 to antibody neutralization
Wang, P., Casner, R. G., Nair, M. S., Wang, M., Yu, J., Cerutti, G., Liu, L., Kwong, P. D., Huang, Y., Shapiro, L., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.007 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans
Sadarangani, M., Marchant, A., & Kollmann, T. R. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00578-z · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine–induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Pegu, A., O’Connell, S. E., Schmidt, S. D., O’Dell, S., Talana, C. A., Lai, L., Albert, J., Anderson, E., Bennett, H., Corbett, K. S., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj4176 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Self-citationNanomaterial Delivery Systems for mRNA Vaccines
Buschmann, M. D., Carrasco, M. J., Alishetty, S., Paige, M., Alameh, M. G., & Weissman, D. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9010065 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
mRNA vaccines manufacturing: challenges and bottlenecks
Rosa, S. S., Prazeres, D. M. F., Azevedo, A. M., & Marques, M. P. C. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.038 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Painter, M. M., Mathew, D., Goel, R. R., Apostolidis, S. A., Pattekar, A., Kuthuru, O., Baxter, A. E., Herati, R. S., Oldridge, D. A., Gouma, S., et al. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.001 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Kim, J., Eygeris, Y., Gupta, M., & Sahay, G. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.014 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
The aging lung: Physiology, disease, and immunity
Schneider, J. L., Rowe, J. H., Garcia-de-Alba, C., Kim, C. F., Sharpe, A. H., & Haigis, M. C. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.005 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Wu, K., Werner, A. P., Moliva, J. I., Koch, M., Choi, A., Stewart-Jones, G. B. E., Bennett, H., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Shi, W., Graham, B. S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.25.427948 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationSerum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by mRNA-1273 Vaccine
Wu, K., Werner, A. P., Koch, M., Choi, A., Narayanan, E., Stewart-Jones, G. B. E., Colpitts, T., Bennett, H., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Shi, W., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2102179 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Self-citationCohen, K. W., Linderman, S. L., Moodie, Z., Czartoski, J., Lai, L., Mantus, G., Norwood, C., Nyhoff, L. E., Edara, V. V., Floyd, K., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100354 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Self-citationElla, R., Vadrevu, K. M., Jogdand, H., Prasad, S., Reddy, S., Sarangi, V., Ganneru, B., Sapkal, G., Yadav, P., Abraham, P., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30942-7 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Lederer, K., Castaño, D., Gómez Atria, D., Oguin, T. H., Wang, S., Manzoni, T. B., Muramatsu, H., Hogan, M. J., Amanat, F., Cherubin, P., et al. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.009 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Choi, A., Koch, M., Wu, K., Chu, L., Ma, L., Hill, A., Nunna, N., Huang, W., Oestreicher, J., Colpitts, T., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01527-y · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Self-citationShen, X., Tang, H., McDanal, C., Wagh, K., Fischer, W., Theiler, J., Yoon, H., Li, D., Haynes, B. F., Sanders, K. O., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.002 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Trials and Tribulations of MicroRNA Therapeutics
Seyhan, A. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031469 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Evaluation of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adolescents
Ali, K., Berman, G., Zhou, H., Deng, W., Faughnan, V., Coronado-Voges, M., Ding, B., Dooley, J., Girard, B., Hillebrand, W., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2109522 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel approaches for vaccine development
Gebre, M. S., Brito, L. A., Tostanoski, L. H., Edwards, D. K., Carfi, A., & Barouch, D. H. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.030 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development
Blakney, A. K., Ip, S., & Geall, A. J. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9020097 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients
(DeCOI), G. C.-1. O. I., Aschenbrenner, A. C., Mouktaroudi, M., Krämer, B., Oestreich, M., Antonakos, N., Nuesch-Germano, M., Gkizeli, K., Bonaguro, L., Reusch, N., et al. (2021) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-020-00823-5 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Jung, H. N., Lee, S.-Y., Lee, S., Youn, H., & Im, H.-J. (2022) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.77259 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Infection- and vaccine-induced antibody binding and neutralization of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 variant
Edara, V. V., Norwood, C., Floyd, K., Lai, L., Davis-Gardner, M. E., Hudson, W. H., Mantus, G., Nyhoff, L. E., Adelman, M. W., Fineman, R., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.009 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationNeutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.429 and B.1.351
Shen, X., Tang, H., Pajon, R., Smith, G., Glenn, G. M., Shi, W., Korber, B., & Montefiori, D. C. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2103740 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Kremsner, P., Mann, P., Bosch, J., Fendel, R., Gabor, J. J., Kreidenweiss, A., Kroidl, A., Leroux-Roels, I., Leroux-Roels, G., Schindler, C., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.20228551 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Detailed Dissection and Critical Evaluation of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA Vaccines
Xia, X. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9070734 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Review of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273
Teo, S. P. (2022) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/08971900211009650 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
de Alwis, R., Gan, E. S., Chen, S., Leong, Y. S., Tan, H. C., Zhang, S. L., Yau, C., Low, J. G. H., Kalimuddin, S., Matsuda, D., et al. (2021) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Rauch, S., Roth, N., Schwendt, K., Fotin-Mleczek, M., Mueller, S. O., & Petsch, B. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00311-w · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Immune Responses Induced by mRNA Vaccination in Mice, Monkeys and Humans
Cagigi, A., & Loré, K. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9010061 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Goshen-Lago, T., Waldhorn, I., Holland, R., Szwarcwort-Cohen, M., Reiner-Benaim, A., Shachor-Meyouhas, Y., Hussein, K., Fahoum, L., Baruch, M., Peer, A., et al. (2021) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.2675 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Li, J., Hui, A., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Tang, R., Ye, H., Ji, R., Lin, M., Zhu, Z., Türeci, Ö., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01330-9 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Decreased infectivity following BNT162b2 vaccination: A prospective cohort study in Israel
Regev-Yochay, G., Amit, S., Bergwerk, M., Lipsitch, M., Leshem, E., Kahn, R., Lustig, Y., Cohen, C., Doolman, R., Ziv, A., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100150 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Non-immunotherapy application of LNP-mRNA: Maximizing efficacy and safety
Vlatkovic, I. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9050530 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Chu, L., Montefiori, D., Huang, W., Nestorova, B., Chang, Y., Carfi, A., Edwards, D. K., Oestreicher, J., Legault, H., Girard, B., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.21264089 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationLim, S., Khoo, R., Juang, Y.-C., Gopal, P., Zhang, H., Yeo, C., Peh, K. M., Teo, J., Ng, S., Henry, B., et al. (2021) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c01337 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Preliminary Analysis of Safety and Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Variant Vaccine Booster
Wu, K., Choi, A., Koch, M., Ma, L., Hill, A., Nunna, N., Huang, W., Oestreicher, J., Colpitts, T., Bennett, H., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.05.21256716 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationThe dark side of Tregs during aging
Palatella, M., Guillaume, S. M., Linterman, M. A., & Huehn, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.940705 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
mRNA Vaccines against Flaviviruses
Wollner, C. J., & Richner, J. M. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9020148 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Palmer, C. D., Scallan, C. D., Kraemer Tardif, L. D., Kachura, M. A., Rappaport, A. R., Koralek, D. O., Uriel, A., Gitlin, L., Klein, J., Davis, M. J., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39053-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Akahata, W., Sekida, T., Nogimori, T., Ode, H., Tamura, T., Kono, K., Kazami, Y., Washizaki, A., Masuta, Y., Suzuki, R., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101134 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Chapin-Bardales, J., Myers, T., Gee, J., Shay, D. K., Marquez, P., Baggs, J., Zhang, B., Licata, C., & Shimabukuro, T. T. (2021) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Roth, N., Schön, J., Hoffmann, D., Thran, M., Thess, A., Mueller, S. O., Petsch, B., & Rauch, S. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.443734 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Nair, M. S., Anang, S., Zhang, S., Nguyen, H., Huang, Y., Liu, L., Ho, D. D., & Sodroski, J. G. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103393 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A mRNA-LNP vaccine against Dengue Virus elicits robust, serotype-specific immunity
Wollner, C. J., Richner, M., Hassert, M. A., Pinto, A. K., Brien, J. D., & Richner, J. M. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.05.425517 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Widge, A. T., Jackson, L. A., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., Pruijssers, A. J., McDermott, A. B., Flach, B., Lin, B. C., Doria-Rose, N. A., O’Dell, S., Schmidt, S. D., Corbett, K. S., Swanson, P. A., Padilla, M., Neuzil, K. M., Bennett, H., Leav, B., Makowski, M., Albert, J., Cross, K., Edara, V. V., Floyd, K., Suthar, M. S., Martinez, D. R., Baric, R., Buchanan, W., Luke, C. J., Phadke, V. K., Rostad, C. A., Ledgerwood, J. E., Graham, B. S., & Beigel, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (US)
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) — both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S...
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Evan J.
- ORCID
- Anderson, Evan J.
- Rouphael, Nadine G.
- Widge, Alicia T.
- Jackson, Lisa A.
- Roberts, Paul C.
- Chappell, James D.
- Denison, Mark R.
- Stevens, Laura J.
- Pruijssers, Andrea J.
- McDermott, Adrian B.
- Lin, Bob C.
- Doria-Rose, Nicole A.
- Schmidt, Stephen D.
- Corbett, Kizzmekia S.
- Swanson, Phillip A.
- Bennett, Hamilton
- Leav, Brett
- Makowski, Mat
- Cross, Kaitlyn
- Edara, Venkata Viswanadh
- Floyd, Katharine
- Suthar, Mehul S.
- Baric, Ralph
- Phadke, Varun K.
- Rostad, Christina A.
- Ledgerwood, Julie E.
- Graham, Barney S.
- Beigel, John H.
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-12-17
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 2427-2438
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7556339
- OpenAlex
- W3090717270
- Cited by
- 1,523
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 191 · 2022: 381 · 2021: 630 · 2020: 71 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 41.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI149644, HHSN272201500002C, P51 OD011132, UM1AI148373, UM1AI148576, UM1AI148684, UM1Al148684-01S1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- mRNA-1273 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, older adults, vaccine safety, immunogenicity, binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, CD4+ T cell responses, dose-dependent immune response, adverse events, vaccine hesitancy
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273, Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neutralization Tests, T-Lymphocytes, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
