Virus Infections in the Nervous System

Koyuncu, Orkide O.; Hogue, Ian B.; Enquist, Lynn W.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.010

Cited by 594Herpesvirus Infections and TreatmentsCytomegalovirus and herpesvirus researchVirology and Viral Diseases

Virus Infections in the Nervous System

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Koyuncu, Orkide O., Hogue, Ian B., Enquist, Lynn W.·2013·Cell Host & Microbe

DOI 10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.010PMC PMC3647473

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Abstract

Virus infections usually begin in peripheral tissues and can invade the mammalian nervous system (NS), spreading into the peripheral (PNS) and more rarely the central (CNS) nervous systems. The CNS is protected from most virus infections by effective immune responses and multilayer barriers. However, some viruses enter the NS with high efficiency via the bloodstream or by directly infecting nerves that innervate peripheral tissues, resulting in debilitating direct and immune-mediated pathology. Most viruses in the NS are opportunistic or accidental pathogens, but a few, most notably the alpha herpesviruses and rabies virus, have evolved to enter the NS efficiently and exploit neuronal cell biology. Remarkably, the alpha herpesviruses can establish quiescent infections in the PNS, with rare but often fatal CNS pathology. Here we review how viruses gain access to and spread in the well-protected CNS, with particular emphasis on alpha herpesviruses, which establish and maintain persistent NS infections.

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EBV can infect endothelial cells of blood vessels in the brain, causing latent infection; when the brain undergoes stress, the virus can be activated and expression of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL18 increases, resulting in an inflammatory response.
“The virus can also infect the endothelial cells of blood vessels in the brain, causing latent infection. When the brain undergoes stress, the virus can be activated and the expression of different cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL18 increases, resulting in an inflammatory response [86].”
From Viral meningitis: an overview (2021) · cites this paper as [86]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
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Viruses can directly invade the nervous system and cause nerve damage.
“suggesting that viruses can directly invade the nervous system and cause nerve damage (Koyuncu et al., 2013, Leber et al., 2016).”
From Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses (2020) · cites this paper as Koyuncu et al., 2013
There is rare evidence that CoV, especially SARS-CoV-2, invade the nervous system via the blood circulation pathway.
“Although there is rare evidence that CoV, especially SARS-CoV-2, invade the nervous system via the blood circulation pathway (Koyuncu et al., 2013, Desforges et al., 2019), subsequent studies are expected.”
From Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses (2020) · cites this paper as Koyuncu et al., 2013
Genetic material and proteins of various viruses can often be detected in nervous system tissue samples.
“The genetic material and even proteins of various viruses can often be detected in nervous system tissue samples (such as cerebrospinal fluid or brain), suggesting that viruses can directly invade the nervous system and cause nerve damage (Koyuncu et al., 2013, Leber et al., 2016).”
From Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses (2020) · cites this paper as Koyuncu et al., 2013

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Authors: Koyuncu, O. O., Hogue, I. B., & Enquist, L. W.
Affiliations: Princeton University (US)
Corresponding author: Enquist, Lynn W.
ORCID: Hogue, Ian B.
Enquist, Lynn W.
Venue: Cell Host & Microbe
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-04
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Pages: 379-393
ISSN: 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.010
PMC: PMC3647473
OpenAlex: W2071638524
Cited by: 594
References: 121
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 2.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 381 d)
Locations: Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: American Cancer Society
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS060699, R01NS060699, R01NS033506, NS033506, R37NS033506)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
Keywords: viral neuroinfection, alphaherpesvirus, rabies virus, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, viral persistence, blood-brain barrier, viral dissemination
MeSH terms: Animals, Central Nervous System, Herpesviridae Infections, Humans, Virus Diseases, Peripheral Nervous System, Alphaherpesvirinae

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Virus Infections in the Nervous System

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