A cluster randomized controlled trial of strategies to increase adolescents' physical activity and motivation in physical education: Results of the Motivating Active Learning in Physical Education (MALP) trial

Lonsdale, Chris; Rosenkranz, Richard R.; Sanders, Taren; Peralta, Louisa R.; Bennie, Andrew; Jackson, Ben; Taylor, Ian M.; Lubans, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.003

Cited by 186Motivation and Self-Concept in SportsPhysical Education and PedagogyPhysical Activity and Health

A cluster randomized controlled trial of strategies to increase adolescents' physical activity and motivation in physical education: Results of the Motivating Active Learning in Physical Education (MALP) trial

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Lonsdale, Chris, Rosenkranz, Richard R., Sanders, Taren, Peralta, Louisa R., Bennie, Andrew, Jackson, Ben, Taylor, Ian M., Lubans, David R.·2013·Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.003

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Abstract

Objective Physical education (PE) programs aim to promote physical activity (PA) and reach most school-aged youth. However, PA levels within PE lessons are often low. In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, we examined the effects of three self-determination theory-based motivational strategies on PA and sedentary behavior, as well as their hypothesized antecedents during PE lessons.Methods Data were collected in Sydney, Australia (October-December 2011). After baseline testing, teachers (n=16) and their classes (n=288 students; M=13.6 years, 50.4% male) were randomly assigned to one of four teaching strategy conditions: (1) explaining relevance; (2) providing choice; (3) complete free choice; or (4) usual practice. Teachers then delivered the assigned strategy. Primary outcomes were accelerometer-assessed PA and student motivation during lessons. Secondary outcomes included sedentary behavior, perceptions of teachers' support and psychological needs satisfaction.Results The 'free choice' intervention increased PA (p<.05). 'Providing choice' and 'free choice' interventions decreased sedentary behavior (p<.05). The interventions did not influence motivation, but students' autonomy increased during both choice-based interventions (p<.05).Conclusions Promoting choice can produce short-term increases in PA and decreases in sedentary behavior, as well as increased perceived autonomy during PE lessons.

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Providing students with brief periods of complete free choice increases their MVPA compared with a lesson led by the teacher.
“Furthermore, providing students with brief periods of complete free choice increases their MVPA compared with a lesson led by the teacher [101, 102].”
From Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the ‘SAAFE’ teaching principles (2017) · cites this paper as [101]
Providing students with the opportunity to select their activities from a range of options provided by the teacher increases their total physical activity during PE lessons.
“Experimental evidence shows that providing students with the opportunity to select their activities from a range of options provided by the teacher increases their total physical activity during PE lessons [101, 102].”
From Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the ‘SAAFE’ teaching principles (2017) · cites this paper as [101]
The high-quality PE-based study assessed intervention fidelity using blinded assessors.
“This study randomized students to different teaching strategy interventions, blinded students to alternative intervention options and also assessed intervention fidelity using blinded assessors.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
The high-quality PE-based study blinded students to alternative intervention options.
“This study randomized students to different teaching strategy interventions, blinded students to alternative intervention options and also assessed intervention fidelity using blinded assessors.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
The high-quality PE-based study utilized an objective physical activity measure.
“This study also utilized an objective physical activity measure, which was where a number of other experimental studies fell short 26, 27, 28, 29.”
From The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed-studies systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as [25]

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Variations in adolescents’ motivational characteristics across gender and physical activity patterns: A latent class analysis approach
Lawler, M., Heary, C., & Nixon, E. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4677-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“The current findings suggest that fostering perceptions of ownership over one’s PA participation, by structuring PA environments to facilitate decision-making opportunities such as offering different PA options within the school or community context may enable girls to identify a form of activity that they enjoy and a…”
Background
A school-based motivational intervention to promote physical activity from a self-determination theory perspective
González‐Cutre, D., Sierra, A. C., Beltrán‐Carrillo, V. J., Pelaez-Perez, M. A., & Cervelló, E. M. (2016) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2016.1255871 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Learning how to become an autonomy-supportive teacher begins with perspective taking: A randomized control trial and model test
Reeve, J., & Cheon, S. H. (2024) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2024.104702 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“…et al., 2020), teaching simulations (Levin et al., 2024), problem-solving (Ulstad et al., 2018), one-on-one guidance and mentoring (Escriva-Boulley et al., 2018; Lonsdale et al., 2013), or group discussions with peer teachers (Abula et al., 2020) and with one ’ s students (Kaplan & Assor, 2012).”
Background
A cluster-randomized controlled trial to improve student experiences in physical education: Results of a student-centered learning intervention with high school teachers
Bechter, B. E., Dimmock, J. A., & Jackson, B. (2019) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101553 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increasing girls’ physical activity during a short-term organized youth sport basketball program: A randomized controlled trial
Guagliano, J. M., Lonsdale, C., Kolt, G. S., Rosenkranz, R. R., & George, E. S. (2015) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2015.01.014 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citation
Physical activity capability, opportunity, motivation and behavior in youth settings: theoretical framework to guide physical activity leader interventions
Rosenkranz, R. R., Ridley, K., Guagliano, J. M., & Rosenkranz, S. K. (2021) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2021.1904434 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
A school-based intervention incorporating smartphone technology to improve health-related fitness among adolescents: rationale and study protocol for the NEAT and ATLAS 2.0 cluster randomised controlled trial and dissemination study
Lubans, D. R., Smith, J. J., Peralta, L. R., Plotnikoff, R. C., Okely, A. D., Salmon, J., Eather, N., Dewar, D. L., Kennedy, S. G., Lonsdale, C., et al. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010448 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“55 59 In the current study, the teacher professional learning workshop will be used to provide teachers with strategies to satisfy students ’ basic psychological needs for autonomy (ie, sense of choice and volitional control), competence (ie, sense of mastery) and relatedness (ie, social connection…”
Self-citation
School Physical Activity Intervention Effect on Adolescents’ Performance in Mathematics
LUBANS, D. R., BEAUCHAMP, M. R., DIALLO, T. M. O., PERALTA, L. R., BENNIE, A., WHITE, R. L., OWEN, K., & LONSDALE, C. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001730 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Previous school-based studies have shown that school-level clustering is negligible after accounting for clustering at the class level (27).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Intervention-enabled autonomy-supportive teaching improves the PE classroom climate to reduce antisocial behavior
Cheon, S. H., Reeve, J., Marsh, H. W., & Song, Y.-G. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102174 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
An Internet-supported Physical Activity Intervention Delivered in Secondary Schools Located in Low Socio-economic Status Communities: Study Protocol for the Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Lonsdale, C., Lester, A., Owen, K., White, R. L., Moyes, I., Peralta, L. R., Kirwan, M., Maeder, A., Bennie, A., MacMillan, F., et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2583-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“The influence of these interventions on students’ MVPA during PE lessons, however, has received little attention [14, 22].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
A school-based intervention based on self-determination theory to promote girls' physical activity: study protocol of the CReActivity cluster randomised controlled trial
Demetriou, Y., & Bachner, J. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6817-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“1 appears appropriate based on the study by Lonsdale, Rosenkranz [34].”
MethodInfluential
Increasing students’ physical activity during school physical education: rationale and protocol for the SELF-FIT cluster randomized controlled trial
Ha, A. S. C., Lonsdale, C., Lubans, D. R., & Ng, J. Y. Y. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4553-8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of a Web-Based Intervention for PE Teachers on Students' Perceptions of Teacher Behaviors, Psychological Needs, and Intrinsic Motivation
Tilga, H., Hein, V., & Koka, A. (2019) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512519840150 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“In contrast to Lonsdale et al. (2013), however, this study revealed significant group effects for competence need satisfaction for experimental group students compared with control group students, possibly because experimental group teachers in our study were provided with detailed information on…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
School-based physical activity intervention for older adolescents: rationale and study protocol for the Burn 2 Learn cluster randomised controlled trial
Leahy, A. A., Eather, N., Smith, J. J., Hillman, C. H., Morgan, P. J., Nilsson, M., Lonsdale, C., Plotnikoff, R. C., Noetel, M., Holliday, E. G., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026029 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Changes in muscle activation following balance and technique training and a season of Australian football
Donnelly, C. J., Elliott, B. C., Doyle, T. L. A., Finch, C. F., Dempsey, A. R., & Lloyd, D. G. (2014) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.012 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A school-based rope skipping program for adolescents: Results of a randomized trial
Ha, A. S. C., Lonsdale, C., Ng, J. Y. Y., & Lubans, D. R. (2017) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Additional intervention components to increase students' autonomous motivation, such as helping teachers become more need supportive (e.g., Gillison et al., 2013; Lonsdale et al., 2013b), should also be applied in future studies.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Motivational Pathways to Leisure-Time Physical Activity Participation in Urban Physical Education: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Yli-Piipari, S. R., Layne, T. E., Hinson, J., & Irwin, C. C. (2018) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2017-0099 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Motivation Science
(2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.001.0001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effect of Dance Aerobic Programs on Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Task Climate in Secondary School Students
Rokka, S., Kouli, O., Bebetsos, E., Goulimaris, D., & Mavridis, G. (2018) · International Journal of Instruction · doi:10.29333/iji.2019.12141a · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Despite the above allegations, there are studies supporting that students do not include intense or even moderate physical activity in their lives, which would have multiple benefits for their health (Lonsdale et al., 2013; Fairclough & Stratton, 2005).”
Background
Service-learning experiences for pre-service teachers: cultural competency and behavior management challenges when working with a diverse low-income community
Daum, D. N., Marttinen, R. H. J., & Banville, D. (2021) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2021.1891210 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Allowing students some freedom to make decisions can lead to an increase in moderate to vigorous physical activity (Lonsdale et al. 2013).”
Background
Experiential learning in oral health education
Angelopoulou, M. V., & Kavvadia, K. (2018) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_180_17 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Of these 13 studies, six evaluated patients’ education in education to develop healthy nutritious habits,[7‐12] one assessed the use of experiential learning for personal growth and health protection of young adults,[13] three used experiential learning in sexual health education,[14‐16] one was related to experientia…”
Background
Delivery and Receipt of a Self-Determination-Theory-Based Extracurricular Physical Activity Intervention: Exploring Theoretical Fidelity in Action 3:30
Sebire, S. J., Edwards, M. J., Fox, K. R., Davies, B., Banfield, K., Wood, L., & Jago, R. (2016) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2015-0217 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
DE-PASS best evidence statement (BESt): determinants of adolescents’ device-based physical activity and sedentary behaviour in settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kolovelonis, A., Syrmpas, I., Marcuzzi, A., Khudair, M., Ng, K., Tempest, G. D., Perić, R., Bartos̆, F., Maier, M., Brandes, M., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19136-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…in favour of the experimental group were found in knowledge of the environment for practicing PA, d = 1.84, 95%CI (1.48, 2.20) [65], in behaviour change techniques (BCTs), d = 0.90, 95%CI (0.09, 1.70) [60] and medium differences in choice provided by teachers, d = 0.70, 95%CI (0.36, 1.03) [57].”
BackgroundInfluential
A systematic review on self‐determination theory in physical education
SAUGY, J. J., Drouet, O., Millet, G. P., & Lentillon‐Kaestner, V. (2019) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1002/tsm2.121 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…physical activity Pedometers SD motivation and PE class environments which provided students opportunities to make choices were related to greater PA Lonsdale et al. (2013) Randomized controlled trial 308 Middle School Australia 13.5 – 2 lessons Perceived autonomy, autonomy need, competence need,…”
BackgroundInfluential
Improving physical activity behaviors, physical fitness, cardiometabolic and mental health in adolescents - ActTeens Program: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Neto, A. S., dos Santos, G. C., da Silva, J. M., Corrêa, R. C., da Mata, L. B. F., Barbosa, R. D. O., Ulbrich, A. Z., Kennedy, S. G., & Lubans, D. R. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272629 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“According previous studies, school-level clustering is negligible after accounting for clustering at the class level [72].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A Greater Intrinsic, but Not External, Motivation Toward Physical Activity Is Associated With a Lower Sitting Time
Esmaeilzadeh, S., Rodriquez-Negro, J., & Pesola, A. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888758 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Physical education teachers’ perceptions about the effectiveness and acceptability of strategies used to increase relevance and choice for students in physical education classes
Bennie, A., Peralta, L. R., Gibbons, S. L., Lubans, D. R., & Rosenkranz, R. R. (2016) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/1359866x.2016.1207059 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The teachers believed that “explaining relevance” statements were part of the current teaching practice; however, analysis of audio recordings identified that this was not the case (Lonsdale et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Increasing girls’ physical activity during an organised youth sport basketball program: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Guagliano, J. M., Lonsdale, C., Kolt, G. S., & Rosenkranz, R. R. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-383 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
What Is Motivation, Where Does It Come from, and How Does It Work?
Dweck, C. S., Dixon, M. L., & Gross, J. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Longitudinal Trajectories of Children’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on Weekdays and Weekends
Zhang, P., Lee, J. E., Stodden, D. F., & Gao, Z. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2019-0128 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Predictors of in‐school and out‐of‐school sport injury prevention: A test of the trans‐contextual model
Lee, A. L. H., Standage, M., Hagger, M., & Chan, D. K. C. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13826 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A cluster randomized trial to evaluate need-supportive teaching in physical education on physical activity of sixth-grade girls: A mixed method study
Sturm, D. J., Bachner, J., Renninger, D., Haug, S., & Demetriou, Y. (2021) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101902 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Influence of Session Context on Physical Activity Levels Among Russian Girls During a Summer Camp
Guagliano, J. M., Updyke, N. J., Rodicheva, N., Rosenkranz, S. K., Dzewaltowski, D. A., Schlechter, C. R., & Rosenkranz, R. R. (2017) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1331291 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Motivating Active Learning in Physical Education: Critical Thinking
Hidayat, C., Lengkana, A. S., Rohyana, A., Purwanto, D., Razali, R., & Rosalina, M. (2023) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.12.2.1137 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Promoting Healthy Lifestyle through Basic Psychological Needs in Inactive Adolescents: A Protocol Study from Self-Determination Approach
Sánchez-Miguel, P., Vaquero-Solís, M., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Pulido, J., López-Gajardo, M. A., & Tapia-Serrano, M. A. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12155893 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
An interventional study with the Maldives generalist teachers in primary school physical education: An application of self-determination theory
Abdulla, A., Whipp, P. R., McSporran, G., & Teo, T. P. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268098 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Several intervention studies with PE teachers have investigated autonomy-supportive strategies [22], need satisfaction, motivation effects [23, 24] for high school and middle school students.”
Background
Examining the impact of a province-wide physical education policy on secondary students’ physical activity as a natural experiment
Hobin, E. P., Erickson, T., Comte, M., Zuo, F., Pasha, S., Murnaghan, D., Manske, S., Casey, C., Griffith, J., & McGavock, J. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0550-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Jingle-Jangle Fallacies in Motivation Science
Pekrun, R. H. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0009 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The potential of biophysiology for understanding motivation, engagement and learning experiences
Martin, A. J., Malmberg, L., Pakarinen, E., Masón, L., & Mainhard, T. (2023) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12584 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
How is observed (de)motivating teaching associated with student motivation and device-based physical activity during physical education?
Doren, N. V., Compernolle, S., Bouten, A., Haerens, L. L., Hesters, L., Sanders, T., Slembrouck, M., & Cocker, K. A. D. (2024) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x241289911 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“For instance, PE may need to be more participative (e.g. providing choice) (Lonsdale et al., 2013).”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Efetividade de uma intervenção de base escolar sobre o tempo de tela em estudantes do ensino médio
Hardman, C. M., de Barros, M. V. G., Lopes, A. S., Lima, R. A., Bezerra, J., & Nahas, M. V. (2014) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2014v16s1p25 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Importance of Providing Additional Choices in Relation to Pupils' Happiness, Mastery, Well-Being, Contentment, and Level of Physical Activity in Physical Education
Oldervik, S., & Lagestad, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.599953 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Physical activity during physical education lessons: a qualitative investigation of Australian PE teacher perceptions
Bennie, A., & Langan, E. (2014) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2014.933914 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“For example, Lonsdale et al. (2013) reported a free-choice teaching strategy led to greater MVPA and less sedentary behaviour, when compared with usual practice and relevance-focused teaching strategies.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
Effect of a School-based Nutrition Education Program on the Nutritional Status of Primary School Children
Keshani, P., Iran, Mousavi, S. M., Iran, Mirzaei, Z., Iran, Hematdar, Z., Iran, Maayeshi, N., Iran, et al. (2016) · Nutrition and Food Sciences Research · doi:10.18869/acadpub.nfsr.3.1.27 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Active learning strategies have been used to improve learning and behaviors (18, 20).”
Children’s Enjoyment, Perceived Competency, and Vigorous Physical Activity During High-Intensity Interval Training in Physical Education
Burford, K., Gillespie, K., Jowers, E. M., & Bartholomew, J. B. (2021) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1925207 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The limited evidence supporting SDT-based interventions to increase PA in PE, particularly through objective measures of PA, warrants further investigation (Lonsdale et al., 2013, 2009; Perlman, 2013).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Rural–Urban Differences in Physical Activity Tracking and Engagement in a Web-Based Platform
Pickett, A. C., Bowie, M., Berg, A., Towne, S. D., Hollifield, S., & Smith, M. L. (2022) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/00333549211065522 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Teaching the Teacher Interventions in Improving the Physical Activity among Adolescents in Schools: A Scoping Review
Christodoulakis, A., Bouloukaki, I., Aravantinou-Karlatou, A., Margetaki, K., Zografakis‐Sfakianakis, M., & Tsiligianni, I. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12020151 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Teaching-The-Teachers (TTT) interventions seem to improve body composition, technical performance, and fitness level [31,38].”
BackgroundInfluential
Social support and sports participation motivations of female adolescents in India - study of age transition and achievement level
Ahmed, M. D., Ho, W. K. Y., Niekerk, R. L. V., Sulz, L., & Begum, S. (2020) · Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research · doi:10.2478/pcssr-2020-0025 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Moreover, SDT has been applied successfully to intervention research within the PE context to manipulate the psychological needs of youth, thereby increasing specific targeted behaviors such as physical activity, PE enjoyment, and a sense of autonomy (Lonsdale et al., 2013, 2009; Ward et al., 2008).”
Method
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Kebugaran Jasmani Dengan Modifikasi Permainan Pada Siswa Kelas VIII
Prayoga, G. A. N., Heynoek, F. P., & Yudasmara, D. S. (2022) · Sport Science and Health · doi:10.17977/um062v2i102020p500-510 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Individual and Group-Based Engagement in an Online Physical Activity Monitoring Program in Georgia
Smith, M., Durrett, N. K., Bowie, M., Berg, A. C., McCullick, B., LoPilato, A. C., & Murray, D. (2018) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd15.170223 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring the Impact of Choice and Variety on Adolescents’ Motivation to Participate in High-Intensity Interval Training During Physical Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Eather, N., McLachlan, E., Leahy, A. A., Sylvester, B. D., & Lubans, D. R. (2025) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2024-0173 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Motivation Resides Only in Our Language, Not in Our Mental Processes
Murayama, K. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0011 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dissecting the Elephant
Pekrun, R. H. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0038 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Interventions for promoting physical activity among adolescents in school settings: systematic review and meta-analysis
Moin, M., Farhan, Z., Naqvi, S. K., Lassi, Z. S., & Das, J. K. (2026) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.16.04112 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Understanding Human Motivation and Action as a Complex Dynamic System
Kaplan, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0073 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The use of autonomy among physical education teachers in Finland and Kurdistan region of Iraq
Lagestad, P., Makrooni, G., Mohammed, W. A., & Kalari, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1425189 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Academic Self-Concept
Basarkod, G., & Marsh, H. W. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0010 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gender‐specific correlates of sufficient physical activity among vulnerable children
Hong, J., Choo, J., Kim, H., & Jae, S. Y. (2019) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12278 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Identifying the Role of Social Relationships in Motivating Students to Learn
Wentzel, K. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0063 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Motivational Processes in Physical Education
Taylor, I. M., & Lonsdale, C. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197600047.013.36 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Infatuation with Constructs and Losing Sight of the Motivational Phenomenon
Kaplan, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0067 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Contribuciones del modelo Teaching Games for Understanding a la motivación y necesidades psicoló-gicas básicas del alumnado (Contributions of Teaching Games for Understanding model to student motivation and basic psycho-logical needs)
Gargallo-García, M., Manresa‐Rocamora, A., Maravé-Vivas, M., & Chiva-Bartoll, Ò. (2024) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v54.99741 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Peningkatan Efektivitas Pembelajaran Kelas Studio Online Dengan Metode Studiogogi Modul S.O.L.E
Azhar, H. (2021) · Cakrawala Jurnal Pendidikan · doi:10.24905/cakrawala.v15i2.282 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vitamins for Psychological Growth
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0016 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
How to Foster Motivation?
Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0056 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Unconscious Sources of Motivation and Goals
Bargh, J. A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cognitions and Emotions Energize and Sustain Motivation
Schunk, D. H. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0037 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Mediator Role of Sport Competence and Physical Condition in the Motivational Climate and Personal-Social Responsibility in Physical Education
Ada, E. N., Serin, A. H., Pehlivan, Z., Çepikkurt, F., Ahmad, H., & Kazak, Z. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211059175 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Some researchers (e.g., Cox et al., 2008; Digelidis et al., 2003; Lonsdale et al., 2013; Rokka et al., 2019; Vira & Raudsepp, 2002) explained that the perceived learning climate was related to positive outputs in PE lessons.”
Background
A Control-Value Approach to Affective Growth
Pekrun, R. H. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0055 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Motivational Researchers Must Move Beyond Linear Models to Consider Motivational Processes as Part of a Complex System
Linnenbrink‐Garcia, L. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0065 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pupil Voices: Review of Factors Influencing Pupil Participation in Primary School Physical Activity
Martin, R. (2024) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000260 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impact of the ActTeens Program on physical activity and fitness in adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial
dos Santos, G. C., Silva, T. M. D. S., da Silva, J. M., Barbosa, R. D. O., Kennedy, S. G., Lubans, D. R., & Neto, A. S. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-04922-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Time and treatment were included as fixed factors, with school class included as a random effect [43].”
MethodSelf-citation
Motivation Is the Interaction Between Dispositions and Context
Stipek, D. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0005 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
What Is Motivation?
Locke, E. A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect
Marsh, H. W., & Basarkod, G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0017 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Theoretical and Methodological Disintegration Is the Most Fundamental Limitation in Contemporary Motivation Research
Nagengast, B., & Trautwein, U. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0068 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Harnessing Biopsychology and Mobile Technology to Develop Motivation Science in the Next Decade
Martin, A. J., Burns, E. C., Kennett, R., & Pearson, J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0071 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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A cluster-randomized controlled trial of strategies to increase adolescents’ physical activity and motivation during physical education lessons: the Motivating Active Learning in Physical Education (MALP) trial
Rosenkranz, R. R., Lubans, D. R., Peralta, L. R., Bennie, A., Sanders, T., & Lonsdale, C. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-834 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-determined motivation and students' physical activity during structured physical education lessons and free choice periods
Lonsdale, C., Sabiston, C. M., Raedeke, T. D., Ha, A. S. C., & Sum, R. K. W. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.09.013 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citation
Self-determination theory intervention to promote out-of-school motivation and physical activity through physical education in primary school students
Llanos-Muñoz, R., Sevil‐Serrano, J., Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., Vaquero‐Solís, M., López-Gajardo, M. Á., Miguel, P. A. S., & Marcos, F. M. L. (2025) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2025.2598676 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Motivational Pathways to Leisure-Time Physical Activity Participation in Urban Physical Education: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Yli-Piipari, S. R., Layne, T. E., Hinson, J., & Irwin, C. C. (2018) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2017-0099 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Authors: Lonsdale, C., Rosenkranz, R. R., Sanders, T., Peralta, L. R., Bennie, A., Jackson, B., Taylor, I. M., & Lubans, D. R.
Affiliations: Western Sydney University (AU)
Kansas State University (US)
The University of Sydney (AU)
The University of Western Australia (AU)
Loughborough University (GB)
University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
Corresponding author: Lonsdale, Chris
ORCID: Lonsdale, Chris
Rosenkranz, Richard R.
Sanders, Taren
Peralta, Louisa R.
Bennie, Andrew
Jackson, Ben
Taylor, Ian M.
Lubans, David R.
Venue: Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-11
Volume: 57
Issue: 5
Pages: 696-702
ISSN: 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.003
OpenAlex: W4246195433
Cited by: 186
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 9.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
dspace.lboro.ac.uk
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: physical activity, physical education, adolescent motivation, self-determination theory, student choice, freedom of choice, autonomy, sedentary behavior, teacher support, psychological need satisfaction

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A cluster randomized controlled trial of strategies to increase adolescents' physical activity and motivation in physical education: Results of the Motivating Active Learning in Physical Education (MALP) trial

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