Conscientiousness and medication adherence: A meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Approximately a quarter to a half of all people fail to take their medication regimen as prescribed (i.e. non-adherence). Conscientiousness, from the five-factor model of personality, has been positively linked to adherence to medications in several recent studies. PURPOSE: This study aimed to systematically estimate the strength and variability of this association across multiple published articles and to identify moderators of this relationship. METHOD: A literature search identified 16 studies (N = 3,476) that met the study eligibility criteria. Estimates of effect sizes (r) obtained in these studies were meta-analysed. RESULTS: Overall, a higher level of conscientiousness was associated with better medication adherence (r = 0.15; 95 % CI, 0.09, 0.21). Associations were significantly stronger in younger samples (r = 0.26, 95 % CI, 0.17, 0.34; k = 7). CONCLUSION: The small association between conscientiousness and medication adherence may have clinical significance in contexts where small differences in adherence result in clinically important effects.
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Conscientiousness is associated with positive health-related behaviours.
“As researchers have noted, Conscientiousness is associated with positive health-related behaviours as it evinces a person's tendency to cohere with social norms and work toward objectives (Crescentini et al., 2018;Molloy et al., 2014).”
From What is the mindful personality? Implications for physical and psychological health (2022) · cites this paper as Molloy et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Molloy, G. J., O’Carroll, R. E., & Ferguson, E.
- Affiliations
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- University of Stirling (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Molloy, G. J.
- Venue
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-06-20
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 92-101
- ISSN
- 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
- 0883-6612
- 1532-4796
- OpenAlex
- W2047867687
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- conscientiousness, medication adherence, five-factor model of personality, personality traits, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Personality, Medication Adherence
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