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Differential patterns of striatal activation in young children with and without ADHD
Abstract
Background Cognitive control, defined as the ability to suppress inappropriate thoughts and actions, is compromised in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examines the neural basis of this deficit.Methods We used a paradigm that incorporates a parametric manipulation within a go/nogo task, so that the number of go trials preceding a nogo trial is varied to tax the neural systems underlying cognitive control with increasing levels of interference.Results Using this paradigm in combination with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we show that children without ADHD have increased susceptibility to interference with increasing numbers of go trials preceding a nogo trial, but children with ADHD have difficulty even with a single go trial preceding a nogo trial. In addition, children with ADHD do not activate frontostriatal regions in the same manner as normally developing children, but rather rely on a more diffuse network of regions, including more posterior and dorsolateral prefrontal regions.Conclusions Normal immature cognition may be characterized as being susceptible to interference and supported by the maturation of frontostriatal circuitry. ADHD children show a slightly different cognitive profile at 6 to 10 years of age that is paralleled by a relative lack of or delay in the maturation of ventral frontostriatal circuitry.
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“This pattern is consistent with prior work using the go nogo paradigm (Durston, Davidson, et al., 2003; Durston, Thomas, Yang, et al., 2002; Luna & Sweeney, 2004), reporting engagement of the inferior frontal gyrus for trials in which suppression was correctly invoked.”
From Frontostriatal maturation predicts cognitive control failure to appetitive cues in adolescents (2011) · cites this paper as Durston, Davidson, et al., 2003
In the citing paper
“Many functional and structural MRI studies have pointed to a fronto-striatal “circuit” underlying response inhibition in the Go/NoGo paradigm (Durston et al. 2003; Wessa et al. 2007).”
From Large-scale functional neural network correlates of response inhibition: an fMRI meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Durston et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“These functional studies have linked neural anomalies to deficiencies in a wide array of neurocognitive processes including inhibitory control (Casey et al., 1997; Durston et al., 2003; Schulz et al., 2004; Schulz et al., 2005a; Tamm, Menon, Ringel, & Reiss, 2004; Vaidya et al., 1998), conflict resolution (Bush et al., 1999; Tamm et al., 2004), motor control (Rubia et al., 1999), timing (Durston”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Durston et al., 2003
In the citing paper
“Studies most consistently find deficits in inhibitory control (Barkley, 1997; Casey et al., 1997; Durston et al., 2003), regulation of attention (Pennington, Groisser, & Welsh, 1993; Swanson et al., 1991; Halperin et al., 1993; Johnson et al., 2008), working memory (Castellanos et al., 2002b; Martinussen, Hayden, Hogg-Johnson, & Tannock, 2005), planning (Pennington et al., 1993; Barkley, 1997),”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Durston et al., 2003
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Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes
Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn896 · Cited by 1,827 · cited 1×
“There is evidence that there are multiple etiologic pathways to ADHD (Castellanos and Tannock 2002), and subtypes diagnosed according to DSM-IV may represent different groups.”
BackgroundQuantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009 · Cited by 1,183 · cited 2×
“…consistent with imaging literature on ADHD showing abnormal patterns of activity, symmetry, and volume of frontostriatal regions (Casey et al 1997a; Castellanos et al 1996; Ernst et al 1999; Vaidya et al 1998; Zametkin et al 1990) and anterior cingulate gyrus (Bush et al 1999; Vaidya et al 1998).”
BackgroundA developmental functional MRI study of prefrontal activation during performance of a go-no-go task
Casey, B. J., Trainor, R. J., Orendi, J. L., Schubert, A. B., Nystrom, L. E., Giedd, J. N., Castellanos, F. X., Haxby, J. V., Noll, D. C., Cohen, J. D., et al. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.6.835 · Cited by 1,106
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“Cognitive functioning is mildly impaired in this disorder (for review, see Sergeant et al [2002] ).”
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Self-citationCommon neuronal mechanisms underlying tics and hyperactivity
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Metadata
- Authors
- Durston, S., Tottenham, N. T., Thomas, K. M., Davidson, M. C., Eigsti, I.-M., Yang, Y., Ulug, A. M., & Casey, B. J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Durston, Sarah
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 871-878
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075476435
- Cited by
- 619
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 20.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive control, striatal activation, frontostriatal circuits, go/no-go task, interference, cognitive maturation, young children, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Cognition Disorders, Corpus Striatum, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Case-Control Studies, Echo-Planar Imaging
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