Effects of a tryptophan-free amino acid drink challenge on normal human sleep electroencephalogram and mood
Abstract
Background Serotonin has been implicated in the regulation of sleep and mood. In animals a tryptophan-free amino acid drink (TFD) challenge has been found to reduce brain serotonin. We hypothesized this TFD would produce alterations in electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep commonly associated with depression, i.e. an enhancement of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and adversely affect mood ratings in humans.Methods We investigated the effects of a TFD challenge in 11 healthy male subjects on EEG sleep and mood (assessed by Profile of Mood States). All subjects received on separate occasions an experimental drink containing approximately 100 g of an amino acid mixture (100% TFD) and a control drink containing one fourth strength (25% TFD) of the experimental drink 5 hours prior to sleep (6:00 PM).Results Both drinks significantly decreased plasma tryptophan levels 5 hours postchallenge (11:00 PM). Both drinks significantly decreased REM latency, and the 25% TFD also increased REM time and REM% compared to baseline. No significant changes were found in subjective ratings of depression; however, subjects reported confusion and tension and a decrease in elation, vigor, and friendliness compared with baseline.Conclusions These TFD findings further support the involvement of serotonin deficiency in EEG sleep findings commonly seen in depression.
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Tryptophan depletion studies have demonstrated decreased tryptophan plasma concentrations affected sleep fragmentation (arousal index), REM sleep latency, and REM density compared to baseline and placebo.
“Tryptophan depletion studies have demonstrated decreased tryptophan plasma concentrations affected sleep fragmentation (arousal index (events/h)), REM sleep latency (the interval between first epoch of stage 2 and the first epoch of REM sleep), and REM density (the cumulated duration of each REM burst divided by the duration of each REM sleep period) compared to baseline and placebo [56,57].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Bhatti, T., Gillin, J. C., Seifritz, E., Moore, P., Clark, C., Golshan, S., Stahl, S., Rapaport, M., & Kelsoe, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gillin, J.Christian
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-59
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076114454
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-18399, MH30914, T32MH018399)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- serotonin, sleep, REM sleep, REM latency, mood, depression, plasma tryptophan, EEG, Profile of Mood States
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Amino Acids, Brain Chemistry, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Serotonin, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Tryptophan, Polysomnography
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