Hydrogen peroxide in the human body
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is widely regarded as a cytotoxic agent whose levels must be minimized by the action of antioxidant defence enzymes. In fact, H 2 O 2 is poorly reactive in the absence of transition metal ions. Exposure of certain human tissues to H 2 O 2 may be greater than is commonly supposed: substantial amounts of H 2 O 2 can be present in beverages commonly drunk (especially instant coffee), in freshly voided human urine, and in exhaled air. Levels of H 2 O 2 in the human body may be controlled not only by catabolism but also by excretion, and H 2 O 2 could play a role in the regulation of renal function and as an antibacterial agent in the urine. Urinary H 2 O 2 levels are influenced by diet, but under certain conditions might be a valuable biomarker of ‘oxidative stress’.
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Endogenous H2O2 in the human body is about 100 μM.
“Endogenous H2O2 in the human body is about 100 µM.53”
From Catalase-Integrated Hyaluronic Acid as Nanocarriers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy in Solid Tumor (2019) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Halliwell, B., Clement, M. V., & Long, L. H.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Halliwell, Barry
- ORCID
- Halliwell, Barry
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-11-30
- Volume
- 486
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-13
- ISSN
- 0014-5793 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2017486390
- Cited by
- 1,075
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEBS Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
- Keywords
- hydrogen peroxide, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, transition metal ions, exhaled breath, instant coffee, renal function, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Urinary Bladder, Blood Cells, Endothelium, Vascular, Esophagus, Eye, Gastric Mucosa, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Kidney, Mouth, Respiratory System, Stomach, Urinary Tract, Oxidative Stress
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