Cited by 2,178Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stressCancer and biochemical research

Invited review: Oxidation of biological systems: Oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification

Kohen, Ron, Nyska, Abraham·2002·Toxicologic Pathology

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other radicals are involved in a variety of biological phenomena, such as mutation, carcinogenesis, degenerative and other diseases, inflammation, aging, and development. ROS are well recognized for playing a dual role as deleterious and beneficial species. The objectives of this review are to describe oxidative stress phenomena, terminology, definitions, and basic chemical characteristics of the species involved; examine the biological targets susceptible to oxidation and the defense mechanisms of the organism against these reactive metabolites; and analyze methodologies, including immunohistochemical markers, used in toxicological pathology in the visualization of oxidative stress phenomena. Direct detection of ROS and other free radicals is difficult, because these molecules are short-lived and highly reactive in a nonspecific manner. Ongoing oxidative damage is, thus, generally analyzed by measurement of secondary products including derivatives of amino acids, nuclei acids, and lipid peroxidation. Attention has been focused on electrochemical methods based on voltammetry measurements for evaluating the total reducing power of biological fluids and tissues. This approach can function as a tool to assess the antioxidant-reducing profile of a biological site and follow changes in pathological situations. This review thus includes different topics essential for understanding oxidative stress phenomena and provides tools for those intending to conduct study and research in this field.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/01926230290166724

Cites

263 of 263 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • ROS and RNS are the two major groups of reactive species involved in redox biology.

    “Not excluding that, there are also reactive species from other elements, such as chlorine RClS and bromine RBrS, although ROS and RNS are the two major groups involved in redox biology [6].”

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Authors
Kohen, R., & Nyska, A.
Affiliations
  • Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
Kohen, Ron
Venue
Toxicologic Pathology
Published
2002-10
Volume
30
Issue
6
Pages
620-650
ISSN
  • 0192-6233 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-1601
OpenAlex
W2133538175
Cited by
2,178
References
264
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 120 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 125 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 122 · 2017: 161 · 2016: 139 · 2015: 144 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 122 · 2012: 110
FWCI
15.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Toxicologic Pathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
Keywords
oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, free radicals, antioxidants, redox reactions, lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, immunohistochemical markers, electrochemical methods, voltammetry, reducing power, antioxidant capacity, biological fluids, carcinogenesis, aging
MeSH terms
Animals, Antioxidants, Electrochemistry, Female, Humans, Male, Oxidation-Reduction, Species Specificity, Biomarkers, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Mice, Rats

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