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Nitrite reductase activity is a novel function of mammalian mitochondria
Open accessAbstract
Nitrite, which is the major stable degradation product of nitric oxide, exists in all tissues capable of nitric oxide synthesis from L‐arginine. The present study provides experimental evidence that nitrite in contact with respiring mitochondria accepts reducing equivalents from the ubiquinone cycle of the respiratory chain. Univalent reduction of nitrite was totally inhibited by myxothiazol. We therefore conclude on the involvement of redox cycling that ubisemiquinone is associated with the bc 1 complex. Recycling of nitric oxide degradation products via these electron carriers may become a threat to energy‐linked respiration since nitric oxide in direct contact with mitochondria was shown to slow the energy‐linked respiration down and to trigger a mitochondrial source for superoxide radicals. Until now, the existence of nitrite reductase activity was only demonstrated in plants and bacteria. In addition, the present observation elucidates the existence of a nitric oxide synthase‐independent nitric oxide source.
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“In situations of hypoxia, when the oxygen-dependent NO synthases may become dysfunctional, nitrite reduction is instead greatly enhanced.”
From Nitrate and nitrite in biology, nutrition and therapeutics (2009) · cites this paper as [9]
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“Sruti Shiva (University of Pittsburgh) reviewed a number of studies demonstrating that components of the respiratory chain can reduce nitrite to NO (refs. 4,9)”
From Nitrate and nitrite in biology, nutrition and therapeutics (2009) · cites this paper as [9]
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“This was later confirmed by Kozlov’s group who illustrated that cytochrome c oxidase was an important regulator of nitrite reduction to NO in the mitochondria [120, 121].”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [120]
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Regulation of mitochondrial function and energetics by reactive nitrogen oxides
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“Reduction of NO 2 to NO is also possible in mitochondria of plants and animals in the presence of NADH (Kozlov et al., 1999; Stoimenova et al., 2007).”
BackgroundRegulation of MicroRNA Machinery and Development by Interspecies S-Nitrosylation
Seth, P., Hsieh, P. N., Jamal, S., Wang, L., Gygi, S. P., Jain, M. K., Coller, J., & Stamler, J. S. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.037 · Cited by 81
Nitroglycerin Use in Myocardial Infarction Patients - Risks and Benefits -
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Dietary inorganic nitrate: From villain to hero in metabolic disease?
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“However, further studies have indicated that lipid-induced insulin resistance may arise due to impaired insulin signalling and subsequent reduced glucose uptake [62, 63].”
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“…O 2 concentrations has been reported and ascribed by different authors to Cox (mitochondrial respiratory complex IV), to mitochondrial complex III (191) and to the soluble electron carrier cytochrome c. Castello et al. (60) have reported that yeast and rat liver mitochondria produce NO at O 2…”
InfluentialRole of protein tyrosine nitration in neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis
Lee, J. R., Kim, J. K., Lee, S. J., & Kim, K. P. (2009) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-009-1802-0 · Cited by 75
Consistent antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of oral sodium nitrite in DOCA-salt hypertension
Amaral, J. H., Ferreira, G. C., Pinheiro, L. C., Montenegro, M. F., & Tanus-Santos, J. E. (2015) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.009 · Cited by 75
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Self-citationBioactivation of Nitroglycerin by Purified Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenases
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“Respiring mitochondria have been shown to reduce nitrite to NO by ubiquinol, which binds to the cytochrome bc1 site of complex III (Kozlov et al., 1999).”
BackgroundFree radicals and the pancreatic acinar cells: role in physiology and pathology
Chvanov, M., Petersen, O. H., & Tepikin, A. V. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1757 · Cited by 71
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“Aside from NO production from cytosolic NOS, mitochondria themselves express a NOS isoform (10, 11) and possess nitrite reductase activity (12), additional sources of intramitochondrial NO.”
BackgroundThe Multiple Functions of Coenzyme Q
Nohl, H., Kozlov, A. V., Staniek, K., & Gille, L. (2001) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1006/bioo.2000.1193 · Cited by 70
Self-citationRole of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Nitrate Tolerance
DiFabio, J. M., Ji, Y., Vasiliou, V., Thatcher, G. R. J., & Bennett, B. M. (2003) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.64.5.1109 · Cited by 70
“NO by the bc1 complex of the respiratory chain (Kozlov et al., 1999), and by cytochrome oxidase (Brudvig et al.”
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“…of NO2 to NO was, however, not studied by Chen et al. The assumption that mitochondria catalyze the second step of GTN transformation is based on the recent publication of our group, where we demonstrated that the bc1 complex of mitochondria is able to reduce NO2 to NO (Kozlov et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialNitrosyl-Heme Complexes Are Formed in the Ischemic Heart
Tiravanti, E., Samouilov, A., & Zweier, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m311908200 · Cited by 67
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“Under these circumstances NOS-dependent NO production is diminished due to the low oxygen tension (2-20 μM O2) but, depending on reaction rate constants and relative abundance of reactants, other enzymes (xanthine oxidase (XO) [72-74], eNOS [75], deoxygenated myoglobin [76, 77], as well as mitochondrial respiratory co…”
BackgroundNitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Oxide Species in Plants
Durzan, D. J., & Pedroso, M. C. (2002) · Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews · doi:10.1080/02648725.2002.10648032 · Cited by 68
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Ormerod, J. O. M., Ashrafian, H., Maher, A. R., Arif, S., Steeples, V., Born, G. V. R., Egginton, S., Feelisch, M., Watkins, H., & Frenneaux, M. P. (2011) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvq299 · Cited by 61
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“In mammals, nitrate can be converted by reversible reactions in vivo to nitrite and then nitric oxide (NO) (Kozlov et al. 1999; Lepore 2000; Panesar and Chan 2000; Samouilov et al. 1998; Weitzberg and Lundberg 1998).”
BackgroundParallel evolution of Nitric Oxide signaling: Diversity of synthesis and memory pathways
Moroz, L. L. (2011) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3837 · Cited by 59
“(v) nitrite reductase activity (171-174) of complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain under hypoxic conditions (124, 175-182);”
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“The transformation of this intermediate into nondelocalized HbIII–”
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“NO − 2 activates AMPK in rat aortic smooth muscle cells thus stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis, and increasing coupling efficiency and cellular respiratory control (Mo et al., 2012).”
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“These products react rapidly with superoxide to form highly reactive peroxynitrite (ONOO ) which then decomposes rapidly to nitrite and nitrate as stable end products (Walters et al., 1967; Beckman and Crow, 1993; Pfeiffer et al., 1997; Kozlov et al., 1999; Carlsson et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMontenegro, M. F., Pinheiro, L. C., Amaral, J. H., Marçal, D. M. O., Palei, A. C. T., Costa-Filho, A. J., & Tanus-Santos, J. E. (2012) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-011-0712-0 · Cited by 52
“2003), and by enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Kozlov et al. 1999) and others (Lundberg and”
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“Mitochondria can provide a suitable environment for the above pathway under acidic and highly reduced conditions caused by ischemia–reperfusion injury [31,33].”
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“The particular chemical properties of ubiquinone or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) give this molecule multiple biological functions, including the long-known role in mitochondrial bioenergetics [32], antioxidant properties [6], nitrite reductase activity [28], proton-gated redox activity in lysosomes [41], extramitochondrial el…”
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“Mechanisms of NOS-independent NO formation include the oxidative degradation of arginine by hydrogen peroxide [14], the acidosis-induced disproportionation of nitrite [3,17], the reduction of nitrite by xanthine oxidase [12,16], by desoxyhemoglobin [21], or by cytochromes [15].”
BackgroundThe potential of stimulating nitric oxide formation in the treatment of hypertension
Pinheiro, L. C., Tanus-Santos, J. E., & de Castro, M. M. (2017) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2017.1310840 · Cited by 50
Potential Pathway of Nitrous Oxide Formation in Plants
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“, 2008; Gupta and Kaiser, 2010), and animals (Ghafourifar and Richter, 1997; Giulivi et al., 1998; Kozlov et al., 1999; Castello et al., 2006; Ascenzi et al., 2014).”
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Oxygen Regulates Tissue Nitrite Metabolism
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“Several proteins, including XOR (17, 40, 50), myoglobin (25, 45), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (49), CYP450 (35), cytochrome c (7), mitochondrial complex III (36), and cytochrome c oxidase (Ccox) (13), reduce nitrite in hypoxic tissue, but the relative contribution of these enzymes between organs has not been compared.”
BackgroundEffect of culture P o 2on macrophage (RAW 264.7) nitric oxide production
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Nitric oxide signaling and its role in oxidative stress response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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The biological role of nitrate and nitrite: The times they are a-changin’
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Nitric oxide signalling and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the heart under stress
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“…are known to be involved in the NO metabolite cycle and nitrite’s reduction to NO, including xanthine oxidase 12,13 , deoxyhaemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin 14–16 , neuroglobin 17 , respiratory chain enzymes 18 , cytochrome P450 19 , aldehyde oxidase 20 , carbonic anhydrase 21 , and NO synthase 22 .”
BackgroundMontenegro, M. F., Pinheiro, L. C., Amaral, J. H., Ferreira, G. C., Portella, R. L., & Tanus-Santos, J. E. (2014) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-014-0970-8 · Cited by 41
“…deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin (Cosby et al. 2003; Rassaf et al. 2007), cytochromes P450 (Kozlov et al. 2003), enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Kozlov et al. 1999), guanylate cyclase (Alzawahra et al. 2008), and xanthine oxidoreductase (Tripatara et al. 2007; Webb et al. 2004).”
Berger, A., Brouquisse, R., Pathak, P. K., Hichri, I., Inderjit, I., Bhatia, S., Boscari, A., Igamberdiev, A. U., & Gupta, K. J. (2018) · Plant Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.13151 · Cited by 41
Hypoxia Tolerance in Teleosts: Implications of Cardiac Nitrosative Signals
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“…acidic disproportionation (Zweier et al., 1999) and enzymatic reduction via xanthine oxidoreductase (Millar et al., 1998), mitochondrial enzymes (Kozlov et al., 1999; Castello et al., 2006), or deoxygenated Hb (Cosby et al., 2003; Nagababu et al., 2003), Mb (Shiva et al., 2007a) and neuroglobin…”
BackgroundKumari, A., Pathak, P. K., Bulle, M., Igamberdiev, A. U., & Gupta, K. J. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erz160 · Cited by 41
Mitochondria produce reactive nitrogen species via an arginine-independent pathway
Lacza, Z., Kozlov, A. V., Pankotai, E., Csordás, A., Wolf, G. L., Redl, H., Kollai, M., Szabó, C., Busija, D. W., & Horn, T. F. W. (2006) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715760500539139 · Cited by 41
“Yet another possibility is that mitochondria convert nitrate to NO [9,43].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe existence and significance of a mitochondrial nitrite reductase
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Self-citationLeite, A. C. R., Oliveira, H. C. F., Utino, F. L., Garcia, R., Alberici, L. C., Fernandes, M. P., Castilho, R. F., & Vercesi, A. E. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.01.034 · Cited by 42
“Additionally, NO• can be produced inside mitochondria by other NOS independent pathways [21–23].”
BackgroundKozlov, A. V., Costantino, G., Sobhian, B., Szalay, L., Umar, F., Nohl, H., Bahrami, S., & Redl, H. R. (2005) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2005.7.515 · Cited by 39
“When NO-Hb concentration is higher than the threshold of 10 M , then the concentration of free NO can reach the vasore-laxation.”
Self-citationIntra-mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation: Potential role for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Pankotai, E., Lacza, Z., Murányi, M., & Szabó, C. (2009) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2009.01.013 · Cited by 39
Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide in the vasculature
Lundberg, J. O., & Weitzberg, E. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00611.2008 · Cited by 39
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Nitrite-Mediated Antagonism of Cyanide Inhibition of Cytochrome c Oxidase in Dopamine Neurons
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“Several processes in mitochondria can produce NO from nitrite ion, including chemical reduction by nitrite reductase, which involves leakage of electrons from ubiquinol to complex III (Kozlov et al., 1999).”
BackgroundSinha, S. S., Shiva, S., & Gladwin, M. T. (2008) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2008.05.001 · Cited by 37
“…as xanthine oxidoreductase (Li et al. 2001, Millar et al. 1998, Webb et al. 2004), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (Gautier et al. 2006), and mitochondrial complexes (Castello et al. 2006, Kozlov et al. 1999) have been demonstrated to reduce NO2 − at extremely low pH and oxygen tensions.”
BackgroundBiological activity of hemoprotein nitrosyl complexes
Osipov, A. N., Borisenko, G. G., & IuA, V. (2007) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297907130068 · Cited by 36
Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis
Piknova, B., Schechter, A. N., Park, J. W., Vanhatalo, A., & Jones, A. M. (2021) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000272 · Cited by 38
Gonçalves‐Rizzi, V. H., Possomato‐Vieira, J. S., Graça, T. U. D. S., Nascimento, R. A., & Dias-Junior, C. A. (2016) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2016.05.004 · Cited by 36
A dynamic model of nitric oxide inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase
Cooper, C. E., Mason, M. G., & Nicholls, P. J. (2008) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.03.021 · Cited by 36
“Kinetically nitrite binding to mammalian cytochrome oxidase is very slow, with mM concentrations taking over an hour to bind to micromolar levels of the oxidised enzyme; and inmammalian mitochondria nitrite reduction to NO seems to be catalysed by the bc1 complex, not cytochrome oxidase [42].”
BackgroundZhao, Y., Vanhoutte, P. M., & Leung, S. W. S. (2012) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.112.198721 · Cited by 35
“In addition, inhibition of Complex I only partly reduces NO release, whereas inhibition of Complex III completely abolishes its release (Kozlov et al., 1999).”
BackgroundRed Blood Cell Membrane-Facilitated Release of Nitrite-Derived Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
Salgado, M. T., Cao, Z., Nagababu, E., Mohanty, J. G., & Rifkind, J. M. (2015) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00643 · Cited by 34
Potential benefits of dietary nitrate ingestion in healthy and clinical populations: A brief review
McDonagh, S. T. J., Wylie, L. J., Thompson, C., Vanhatalo, A., & JONES, A. M. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1445298 · Cited by 35
Cardioprotective actions of nitrite therapy and dietary considerations
Nathan, S. B. (2009) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3568 · Cited by 34
“The suggested locus of NO2 reduction is the ubiquinone cycle of complex II (88) or cytochrome oxidase (89).”
BackgroundNitrite-stimulated Gastric Formation of S-nitrosothiols As An Antihypertensive Therapeutic Strategy
Oliveira‐Paula, G. H., & Tanus-Santos, J. E. (2018) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450119666180816120816 · Cited by 33
Ahmad, B., Mukarram, M., Choudhary, S., Petrík, P., Dar, T. A., & Khan, M. M. A. (2024) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108504 · Cited by 34
“Nitrite-dependent NO synthesis can also be achieved by plant mitochondria (Planchet et al., 2005), similar to animal mitochondria (Kozlov et al., 1999).”
BackgroundTropea, T., Wareing, M., Greenwood, S. L., Feelisch, M., Sibley, C. P., & Cottrell, E. C. (2018) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2018.08.009 · Cited by 32
“A role for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial bc1 complex has been demonstrated in thoracic aorta, human gluteal subcutaneous fat resistance vessels [16] and in rat liver mitochondria [17], respectively.”
BackgroundDissection of a Hypoxia-induced, Nitric Oxide–mediated Signaling Cascade
Dijkers, P. F., & O’Farrell, P. H. (2009) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-05-0362 · Cited by 29
“A number of reports suggest that mitochondria can reduce NO2 in hypoxia and thereby convert it to NO (Walters and Taylor, 1965; Kozlov et al., 1999; Castello et al., 2006; Feelisch et al., 2008).”
BackgroundKollau, A., Beretta, M., Russwurm, M., Koesling, D., Keung, W. M., Schmidt, K., & Mayer, B. (2008) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2008.09.003 · Cited by 31
New insights into the mitochondrial nitric oxide production pathways
Kapuganti, J. G., Igamberdiev, A. U., & Kaiser, W. M. (2010) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/psb.5.8.12229 · Cited by 30
“The site of nitrite to NO reduction is the terminal cytochrome c oxidase of mitochondrial electron transport chain.(4,6) Interestingly this property is detected only in root mitochondria.”
BackgroundCardiovascular prevention by dietary nitrate and nitrite
Lundberg, J. O. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00246.2009 · Cited by 29
Soluble and Plasma Membrane-bound Enzymes Involved in Nitrate and Nitrite Metabolism
Meyer, C., & Stöhr, C. (2002) · Advances in photosynthesis and respiration · doi:10.1007/0-306-48138-3_4 · Cited by 28
“For instance, the respiratory chain of mammalian mitochondria also seems to have the ability to reduce nitrite to NO ( Kozlov et al., 1999 ).”
BackgroundEmerging role of nitrite in myocardial protection
Lefer, D. J. (2009) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-009-1804-y · Cited by 27
“Nitrite reductase activity in mammalian tissues has been linked to the mitochondrial electron transport system (Walters et al., 1967; Reutov and Sorokina, 1998; Kozlov et al., 1999), nonenzymatic acidic disproportionation (Zweier et al.”
BackgroundBryan, N. S., & Lefer, D. J. (2019) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.118.113910 · Cited by 30
“…nitrite is formed, either from reduction of nitrate or from oxidation of NO, there are mammalian systems that can reduce nitrite to NO, including hemoproteins, redox active metals, mitochondria, and conditions of low pH and hypoxia (Kozlov et al., 1999; Cosby et al., 2003; Feelisch et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSzalárdy, L., Zádori, D., Klivènyi, P., Toldi, J., & Vécsei, L. (2015) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2015/498401 · Cited by 30
Stefano, G. B., & Kream, R. M. (2011) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.881972 · Cited by 27
Environmental Influence on Yolk Steroids in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)1
Hamlin, H. J., Lowers, R. H., Albergotti, L. C., McCoy, M. W., Mutz, J., & Guillette, L. J. (2010) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.110.085142 · Cited by 27
Salgado, I., Modolo, L. V., Augusto, O., Braga, M. R., & Oliveira, H. C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/7089_2006_095 · Cited by 26
Transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Reinert, M., Wiest, R., Barth, L., Andres, R. H., Ozdoba, C., & Seiler, R. W. (2004) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164104225015976 · Cited by 27
The cytoprotective effect of nitrite is based on the formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes
Dungel, P., Perlinger, M., Weidinger, A., Redl, H. R., & Kozlov, A. V. (2015) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.012 · Cited by 26
Self-citationPinheiro, L. C., Amaral, J. H., Ferreira, G. C., Montenegro, M. F., Oliveira‐Paula, G. H., & Tanus-Santos, J. E. (2014) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2014.05.009 · Cited by 26
Reproductive endocrinology of environmental nitrate
Edwards, T. M., & Hamlin, H. J. (2018) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.021 · Cited by 27
Caroverine, a multifunctional drug with antioxidant functions
Nohl, H., Bieberschulte, W., Dietrich, B., Rohr‐Udilova, N., & Kozlov, A. V. (2003) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.5520190110 · Cited by 26
“We have recently described the existence of a mitochondrial nitrite-reductase which reduces nitrite, the first oxidation product of NO, back to its bioactive form [5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationGumanova, N. G., Деев, А. Д., Zhang, W., Kots, A. Y., & Shalnova, S. A. (2016) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1321 · Cited by 26
“Myoglobin [5], xanthine oxidase [6], cytochromes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain [7], endothelial NOS [8], and cytochromes of the P450 family can reduce nitrite to NO.”
BackgroundNitrogen oxides as environmental sensors for seeds
Giba, Z. S., Grubisic, D. V., & Konjević, R. (2003) · Seed Science Research · doi:10.1079/ssr2003136 · Cited by 26
“, 2001) and possibly by other nitric oxide synthase-independent mechanisms (Kozlov et al., 1999).”
BackgroundSeeking the Role of NO in Breaking Seed Dormancy
Giba, Z. S., Grubisic, D. V., & Konjević, R. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/7089_2006_086 · Cited by 25
“In plants, especially under stress conditions, nitric oxide can be produced non-enzymatically through light-mediated conversion of NO2 by carotenoids (Cooney et al. 1994) and enzymatically by nitrate and nitrite reductases (Dean and Harper 1988; Yamasaki et al. 1999; Stohr et al. 2001), probably via activity of class…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kozlov, A. V., Staniek, K., & Nohl, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Nohl, Hans
- ORCID
- Kozlov, Andrey V
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-07-02
- Volume
- 454
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 127-130
- ISSN
- 0014-5793 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2149980494
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- FEBS Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
- Keywords
- nitrite reductase, mitochondria, nitric oxide degradation, nitrite, bc1 complex, ubisemiquinone, myxothiazol, redox cycling, superoxide, electron transport chain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Electron Transport, Liver, Mitochondria, Models, Biological, Nitric Oxide, Nitrite Reductases, Cell Respiration, Rats
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