The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frequency and the conference of referential validity
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, repeating myths might contribute to increasing their acceptance due to their perceived familiarity [22, 23, 24].”
From Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Familiarity appears as a key determinant of this effect; indeed, when something seems familiar is easier to process and one is more inclined to believe it [24], regardless of whether the statement is factually true or false [22, 47] or was initially rated as credible or questionable [48].”
From Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“This happens, at least partly, because people tend to mistake repetition for truth, a phenomenon known as the “illusory truth” effect [22, 23].”
From Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies (2017) · cites this paper as [22]
Citations
Cites
Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure
Zajonc, R. B. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025848 · Cited by 6,745
The abstraction of linguistic ideas
Bransford, J. D., & Franks, J. J. (1971) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(71)90019-3 · Cited by 1,281
Melton, A. W. (1964) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-12392-6 · Cited by 985
Melton, A. W. (1964) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 501
Wortman, C. B., Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421418 · Cited by 428
The cognitive side of probability learning.
Estes, W. K. (1976) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.83.1.37 · Cited by 326
A frequency theory of verbal-discrimination learning.
Ekstrand, B. R., Wallace, W. P., & Underwood, B. J. (1966) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0023876 · Cited by 261
Communication and Affect: Language and Thought
Pliner, P. P., Krames, L., Alloway, T. M., & Craik, F. I. M. (1973) · Cited by 239
Psychological probability as a function of experienced frequency.
Attneave, F. (1953) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0057955 · Cited by 197
Effects of "mere exposure" on learning and affect.
Stang, D. J. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076165 · Cited by 158
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–912 of 912
The robustness of repetition-based illusory truth and certainty effects in social media contexts
Stump, A., Hartmann, R., & Klauer, K. C. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-61449-y
Mattavelli, S., & Effron, D. A. (2026) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2026.104990
CrediBench: Web-Scale Network Data for Credibility Prediction
Kondrup, E., Sabry, S., Abdallah, H., Yang, Z., Xiong, J., Pelrine, K., Zhou, J. J., Guo, Z., Bronstein, M. M., Godbout, J., et al. (2026) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/3770855.3817476
Information Processing and Societal Threat
Perfors, A. (2026) · Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17478-9_5
Koch, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-46851-4_9-1
actitud crítica de la filosofía frente a la posverdad
Soto, R. C. (2026) · Theoría Revista del Colegio de Filosofía · doi:10.22201/ffyl.29544270e.2026.50.2352
A psychometrics of individual differences in the truth effect
Zajdler, S., & Schnuerch, M. (2026) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-026-02975-8
Jeong, J. J., Nanda, A., Mandapati, S. G., Heikamp, F., & Doss, R. (2026) · ACM Workshop on Deepfake, Deception, and Disinformation Security (3D-Sec) · doi:10.1145/3843205.3845628
Understanding Fake News through a Quantifiable Linguistic Feature FrameworkPreprint
Lin, Y., Jiang, L., & Lin, S. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10786267/v1
Eye-Tracking in the Evaluation of Misinformation and Fake News: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Lau, G., Lau, G., & Hartanto, A. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/97904
Garcia-Orosa, B., Vázquez-Herrero, J., & López-García, X. (2025) · Espejo de Monografías de Comunicación Social · doi:10.52495/librocompleto.emcs.39.p115
Scam Compliance and Nonsexual Grooming: A Scoping Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence
Habak, S., Forsyth, R., Ridout, B., Szloch, J., Lacey, D., & Campbell, A. (2026) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1177/21522715261504082
Metadata
- Authors
- Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Villanova University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hasher, Lynn
- ORCID
- Toppino, Thomas
- Venue
- Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1977-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-112
- ISSN
- 0022-5371 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034532433
- Cited by
- 920
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- frequency of occurrence, confidence ratings
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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