Cited by 1,459Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsAnimal testing and alternativesVeterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 627 of the 627 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Animal Models of Nociception

Le Bars, Daniel, Gozariu, Manuela, Cadden, Samuel W.·2001·Pharmacological Reviews

DOI 10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01514-x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01514-x

Cites

627 of 627 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals.
Zimmermann, M. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90201-4 · Cited by 7,762
A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man
Bennett, G. J., & Xie, Y.-K. (1988) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(88)90209-6 · Cited by 5,376
A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia
Hargreaves, K., Dubner, R. A., Brown, F. J., Flores, C., & Joris, J. L. (1988) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(88)90026-7 · Cited by 5,155
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOSS OF PAIN SENSATION
D'AMOUR, F. E., & Smith, D. L. (1941) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)03823-6 · Cited by 3,238
An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat
Ho Kim, S., & Mo Chung, J. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90041-9 · Cited by 3,069
The formalin test: A quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats
Dubuisson, D., & Dennis, S. G. (1977) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(77)90130-0 · Cited by 2,534
The formalin test: an evaluation of the method
Tjølsen, A., Berge, O., Hunskaar, S., Rosland, J. H., & Hole, K. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90003-t · Cited by 2,434
Advances in Pain Research and Therapy
Wang, J. K. (1980) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-198002000-00022 · Cited by 2,263
The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain
Hunskaar, S., & Hole, K. (1987) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)90088-1 · Cited by 2,191
ACETIC ACID FOR ANALGESIC SCREENING
KOSTER, R., Anderson, W. N., & de Beer, E. J. (1959) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,132

Show all 621 references

Research works printed but not linked: 31

Benedetti, 1984, Pathophysiology and therapy of postoperative pain: a review, 373
Blake, 1963, Grid shock test for analgesics in mice, Med Exp, 9, 146
Brunaud, 1986, Effets pharmacologiques de la morphine et des morphiniques chez les animaux domestiques, Rec Méd Vét, 162, 1421
Carroll, 1960, Observations of the neuropharmacology of morphinelike analgesia, Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 125, 383
Charpentier, 1961, Sur une nouvelle méthode psychophysiologique de mesure quantitative des réactions douloureuses chez le rat, C R Soc Biol, 155, 727
Cheymol, 1959, Contribution au test de la stimulation électrique de la dent du lapin pour l’étude expérimentale des analgésiques, Therapie, 14, 350
Collier, 1961, Multiple toe-pinch for testing analgesic drugs, Br J Pharmacol, 17, 28
Conway, 1983, Plasma catecholamine and cardiovascular responses to morphine and d-ala-d-leu-enkephelin in conscious rats, Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 265, 244
Dimitrijevic, 1968, Studies of spasticity in man. 3. Analysis of reflex activity evoked by noxious cutaneous stimulation, Brain, 91, 349
Gemmell, 1977, Cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses present in the rat tail but absent from the ear of the rat, J Anat, 124, 355
Gibson TE and Paterson DA eds (1985) The Detection and Relief of Pain in Animals. Proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation’s Second Symposium, British Veterinary Association Animal Welfare Foundation, London.
Gouret, 1975, Test de la pulpe dentaire chez le lapin, J Pharmacol (Paris), 6, 237
Green, 1951, A comparison of heat and pressure analgesimetric methods in rats, Br J Pharmacol, 6, 572
Hagbarth, 1952, Excitatory and inhibitory skin areas for flexor and extensor motoneurones, Acta Physiol Scand, 26, 1
Hardy, 1953, Thesholds of pain and reflex contraction as related to noxious stimulation, J Appl Physiol, 5, 725, 10.1152/jappl.1953.5.12.725 · DOI
Holmqvist, 1959, On the organization of the supraspinal inhibitory control of interneurons of various spinal reflex arcs, Arch Ital Biol, 97, 340
Janssen, 1963, The inhibitory effect of fentanyl and other morphine-like analgesics on the warm induced tail withdrawal reflex in rat, Arzneim Forsch, 13, 502
Knoll, 1955, Experimental studies on the higher nervous activity of animals. I. A method for the elaboration of a non-extinguishable conditioned reflex in the rat, Acta Physiol Hung, 8, 327
Lewis, 1939, Observations relating to referred pain, visceromotor reflexes and other associated phenomena, Clin Sci, 4, 47
Linée, 1972, Test des crampes abdominales provoquées chez la souris par la phénylbenzoquinone, J Pharmacol (Paris), 3, 513
Loux, 1978, Comparative analgesic testing of various compounds in mice using writhing techniques, Arzneim Forsch, 28, 1644
Lundberg A Integrative significance of patterns of connections made by muscle afferents in the spinal cord Proceedings of the XXIst Symposium of the International Physiology Congress; Buenos Aires, 1959:100–105, International Congress of Physiological Sciences (IUPS)Abstracts of Communications, Buenos Aires.
Matsumoto, 1967, Epinephrine-induced writhing in mice, Fed Proc, 26, 619
Matthews, 1986, Responses of intradental nerves to mechanical stimulation of teeth in the cat, J Dent Res, 65, 506
Merskey, 1979, Pain terms: a list with definitions and notes on usage, Pain, 6, 249
Michael-Titus, 1988, Multiplicity and limits of nociceptive tests performed for the screening of analgesic agents, Actual Chim Ther, 15, 311
Naylor, 1964, Studies on sensation to cold stimulation in human teeth, Br Dent J, 117, 482
Plaghki, 1989, Algesimetry by brief pulses of CO2 laser radiation, Arch Int Physiol Biochem, 97, 82
Radouco-Thomas, 1957, Méthode algésimétrique expérimentale: étude quantitative de l’action des analgésiques (butazolidine, amidopyrine, morphine, péthidine), Helv Physiol Acta, 15, 193
Van der Wende, 1956, Analgesic tests based upon experimentally induced acute abdominal pain in rats, Fed Proc, 15, 494
Wang, 1995, An innovative cold tail-flick test: the cold ethanol tail-flick test, Anesth Analg, 80, 102

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,001

Synthesis, central nervous system activity and structure–activity relationship of N-substituted derivatives of 1-arylimidazolidyn-2-ylideneurea and products of their cyclization
Szacoń, E., Rządkowska, M., Kaczor, A. A., Kędzierska, E., Mazur, A., Fidecka, S., & Matosiuk, D. (2015) · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.3109/14756366.2014.965699 · Cited by 11
Potentiation of oxycodone antinociception in mice by agmatine and BMS182874 via an imidazoline I2 receptor-mediated mechanism
Bhalla, S., Ali, I., Lee, H., Andurkar, S. V., & Gulati, A. (2012) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2012.10.007 · Cited by 11
Entanglement between thermoregulation and nociception in the rat: the case of morphine
Bitar, N. E., Pollin, B., Karroum, E. G., Pincedé, I., & Bars, D. L. (2016) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00482.2016 · Cited by 11
Applying Current Concepts in Pain-Related Brain Science to Dance Rehabilitation
Wallwork, S. B., Bellan, V., & Moseley, G. L. (2017) · Journal of Dance Medicine & Science · doi:10.12678/1089-313x.21.1.13 · Cited by 11
Antinociceptive Effect of Ficus bengalensis Bark Extract in Experimental Models of Pain
Rajdev, K., Jain, S., Mahendra, C. H., & Bhattacharaya, S. K. (2018) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.2259 · Cited by 11
Molecular docking and pharmacological/toxicological assessment of a new compound designed from celecoxib and paracetamol by molecular hybridization
da Silva, D. P. B., Florentino, I. F., da Silva, D. M., Lino, R. C., Cardoso, C. S., Moreira, L. K. D. S., Vasconcelos, G. A., Vinhal, D. C., Cardoso, A. C. D., Villavicencio, B., et al. (2018) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-018-0516-7 · Cited by 11
Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Solidago chilensis Meyen on nociception and hypernociception in rodents
Malpezzi-Marinho, E. L. A., Molska, G. R., Freire, L. I. G. P., Silva, C. I., Tamura, E. K., Berro, L. F., Parada, C. A., & Marinho, E. A. V. (2019) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2478-8 · Cited by 11
“This is an unspecific, although very sensitive, model for the evaluation of the antinociceptive properties of drugs in rodents, with a high predictive validity [20].”
BackgroundMethod
Novel Positive Allosteric Modulators of µ Opioid Receptor—Insight from In Silico and In Vivo Studies
Bartuzi, D., Kędzierska, E., Kaczor, A. A., Schmidhammer, H., & Matosiuk, D. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228463 · Cited by 11
“Nociceptive reactions were studied in the acetic acid ‘writhing’ test [29], and the number of writhing episodes was measured for 10 min, starting 5 min after i.”
BackgroundMethod
Synthesis and Antinociceptive Effect of Some Thiazole-Piperazine Derivatives: Involvement of Opioidergic System in the Activity
Yücel, N. T., Osmani̇ye, D., Kandemir, Ü., Evren, A. E., Can, Ö. D., & Özkay, Ü. D. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26113350 · Cited by 11
“Stimuli applied to create pain perception in experimental animals should be measurable, reproducible, and non-invasive [37].”
Background
Antihyperalgesic and Antiallodynic Effects of Amarisolide A and Salvia amarissima Ortega in Experimental Fibromyalgia-Type Pain
Moreno-Pérez, G. F., González-Trujano, M. E., Hernández-León, A., Valle-Dorado, M. G., Valdés‐Cruz, A., Alvarado‐Vásquez, N., Aguirre-Hernández, E., Salgado‐Ceballos, H., & Pellicer, F. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13010059 · Cited by 12
Lysionotin exerts antinociceptive effects in various models of nociception induction
Alqudah, A. M., Qnais, E. Y., Wedyan, M. A., Alkhateeb, H. H., Abdalla, S., Gammoh, O., & Alqudah, M. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15619 · Cited by 11
“In this study, acetic acid elicited physical responses in the form of writhing [40].”
Background
Sensitivity to μ‐opioid receptor‐mediated anti‐nociception is determined by cross‐regulation between μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors at supraspinal level
Ballesta, J. J., Cremades, J. D., Rodríguez-Muñoz, M., Garzón, J., & Faura, C. C. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01750.x · Cited by 11
“The hot plate response was assessed as previously described (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Method
The Effects of Tail Biopsy for Genotyping on Behavioral Responses to Nociceptive Stimuli
Morales, M. E. P., & Gereau, R. W. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006457 · Cited by 11
“Beginning at 6 weeks after birth, animals were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests of nociception (for review see [9,10]).”
Background
PGE2‐induced lasting nociception to heat: Evidences for a selective involvement of A‐delta fibres in the hyperpathic component of hyperalgesia
Bastos, L. D. C., & Tonussi, C. R. (2009) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.04.002 · Cited by 11
Suppression of Noxious-Induced C-Fos Expression in the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord by Isoflurane Alone or Combined with Fentanyl
Sommers, M. G., Nguyen, N.-K., Veening, J. G., Vissers, K. C. P., Ritskes-Hoitinga, M. J., & van Egmond, J. (2008) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181678831 · Cited by 11
“Many different models are available and each has its specific advantages and disadvantages.(5) Ideal model characteristics for mimicking”
Background
Chemical Composition and Antinociceptive Effect of the Essential Oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L
Maham, M., Akbari, H., & Delazar, A. (2013) · Pharmaceutical Sciences · Cited by 11
Ethnopharmacological Evaluation ofBreuEssential Oils fromProtiumSpecies Administered by Inhalation
da Silva, E. R., de Oliveira, D. R., Fernandes, P. D., Bizzo, H. R., & Leitão, S. G. (2017) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2017/2924171 · Cited by 10
Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hygrophila schulli Leaves
Tekulu, G. H., Desta, A., Hiben, M. G., & Araya, E. M. (2020) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s269717 · Cited by 11
“in hot water or placing the tail of mice on radiant heat.(32,34) Immersing tail of mice in hot water is linked with acute and quick tail movement and recoiling of the whole body which is a spinally mediated reflex to the stimuli.”
Intrathecal co-administration of morphine and nimodipine produces higher antinociceptive effect by synergistic interaction as evident by injecting different doses of each drug in rats
Gupta, H., Verma, D., Ahuja, R., Srivastava, D. N., Wadhwa, S., & Ray, S. B. (2007) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.023 · Cited by 11
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Arylpiperazine Derivatives for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Chen, Y., Wang, G., Xu, X., Liu, B., Li, J., & Zhang, G. (2011) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules16075785 · Cited by 11
“The analgesic activity of compounds 18 and 19 were further investigated by the formalin test [28].”
BackgroundMethod
Effects of Chlorpheniramine and Ranitidine on the Visceral Nociception Induced by Acetic Acid in Rats: Role of Opioid System
Zanboori, A., Tamaddonfa, E., & Mojtahedei, A. (2008) · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/pjbs.2008.2428.2432 · Cited by 11
Rotterdam Advanced Multiple Plate: A novel method to measure cold hyperalgesia and allodynia in freely behaving rodents
Duraku, L. S., Niehof, S. P., Misirli, Y., Everaers, M., Hoendervangers, S., Holstege, J. C., Boele, H., Koekkoek, S. K. E., Smits, E. S., Selles, R. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.12.006 · Cited by 11
Pulpar tooth injury induces plastic changes in S100B positive astroglial cells in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis
Canzobre, M. C., & Rı́os, H. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.060 · Cited by 11
Effects of Burdizzo castration on CO2 laser induced thermal nociception of Holstein–Friesian calves of different ages
Ting, S. T. L., Earley, B., Veissier, I., Gupta, S., & Crowe, M. A. (2010) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2010.05.005 · Cited by 11
Lentiviral vector-driven inhibition of 5-HT synthesis in B3 bulbo-spinal serotonergic projections – Consequences on nociception, inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats
Gautier, A., Ouaraki, H. E., Bazin, N., Salam, S., Vodjdani, G., Bourgoin, S., Pezet, S., Bernard, J., & Hamon, M. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.10.016 · Cited by 11
Visualization of Brain Activity in a Neuropathic Pain Model Using Quantitative Activity-Dependent Manganese Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Inami, C., Tanihira, H., Kikuta, S., Ogasawara, O., Sobue, K., Kume, K., Osanai, M., & Ohsawa, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2019.00074 · Cited by 11
Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Lappaconitine–1,5-Benzodiazepine Hybrids
Cheremnykh, K. P., Bryzgalov, A. O., Baev, D. S., Борисов, С. А., Sotnikova, Y. S., Savelyev, V. A., Tolstikova, T. G., Сагдуллаев, Ш. Ш., & Shults, E. E. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28104234 · Cited by 10
“It is worth noting that substances that showed analgesic activity in screening by the acetic acid writhing test are likely to mediate their analgesic response through the central nervous system by involving various neurotransmitter structures [53] The analgesic activity of the lappaconitine–benzodiazepine hybrid 8 at…”
Background
Electroacupuncture analgesia, stress responses, and variations in sensitivity in rats anesthetized with different sub‐MAC anesthetics
Kungl, H., Hsul, S., Hungl, Y., Chen, K., Chenl, J., Wen, Y., & Sun, W. (2010) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.11.002 · Cited by 10
Location, Location, Location?
Calcutt, N. A. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-1158 · Cited by 10
“These assays measure behavioral indices of stimulusevoked nociceptive pain (10), not the spontaneous pain experienced by many diabetic patients, but there are clinical parallels in disorders identified during quantitative sensory testing (11).”
Background
Structural improvement of new thiazolidinones compounds with antinociceptive activity in experimental chemotherapy‐induced painful neuropathy
Moreira, D. R. M., Santos, D. S., Santo, R. F. D. E., dos Santos, F. E., Filho, G. B. D. O., Leite, A. C. L., Soares, M. B. P., & Villarreal, C. F. (2017) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.12951 · Cited by 10
Effect of No-ozone Cold Plasma on Regeneration after Crushed Mental Nerve Injury in rats
Park, S.-Y., Jaiswal, M. S., Jang, Y.-S., Choi, J., Kim, G., Hong, J. W., & Hwang, D.-S. (2022) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.77484 · Cited by 10
“Thus, to test animals, sensory nerve function recovery, electrical, thermal, physical, or chemical stimuli can be used [35].”
Background
Repeat mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBI) modify nociception and disrupt orexinergic connectivity within the descending pain pathway
Christensen, J., MacPherson, N., Li, C. N., Yamakawa, G. R., & Mychasiuk, R. (2023) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-023-01608-y · Cited by 10
Toward a Novel Model of Pain in Zebrafish: Exposure to Water Containing Dilute Concentrations of Acetic Acid
Currie, A. D. (2014) · DigitalCommons-Macalester (Macalester College) · Cited by 10
Objective markers of the analgesic response to morphine in experimental pain research
Brokjær, A., Olesen, A. E., Kreilgaard, M., Graversen, C., Gram, M., Christrup, L. L., Dahan, A., & Drewes, A. M. (2015) · Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2015.01.005 · Cited by 10
Synergistic antinociception of propofol–alfentanil combination in mice
Wu, Y., Jia, N., Zhao, C., Li, Y., Shi, X., Li, Y., Wang, C., Li, R., Wang, J., & Wen, A. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.005 · Cited by 10
Parametric analysis of thermal preference following sleep deprivation in the rat
Harvey, M. T., Kline, R., May, M. E., Roberts, A., Valdovinos, M. G., Wiley, R. G., & Kennedy, C. H. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.070 · Cited by 8
Chronic administration of modafinil induces hyperalgesia in mice: Reversal by l-NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester and 7-nitroindazole
Gupta, R., Gupta, L. K., & Bhattacharya, S. K. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.035 · Cited by 10
Chronic pain assessment from bench to bedside: lessons along the translation continuum
Jensen, B. J. (2015) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0370-8 · Cited by 10
“Even despite strong environmental controls to rule out other potential explanations of the animal’s behavior [33], this assumption and other limitations of animalmodels are problematic when considering chronic pain assessment.”
Background
Pathophysiological effects caused by the venom of the social wasp Synoeca surinama
Silva, J. D. C. E., Oliveira, F. N., Moreira, K. G., Mayer, A. B., Freire, D. O., Cherobim, M. D., Oliveira-Júnior, N. G., Schwartz, C. A., Schwartz, E. F., & Mortari, M. R. (2016) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.005 · Cited by 10
Minimally invasive technique for intrathecal administration of morphine in rats: practicality and antinociceptive properties
Thomas, A., Detilleux, J., Sandersen, C., & Flecknell, P. A. (2016) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1177/0023677216682771 · Cited by 10
Antinociceptive property of vinyl sulfides in spite of their weak antioxidant activity
Ianiski, F. R., Bassaco, M. M., Vogt, A. G., dos Reis, A. S., Pinz, M. P., Voss, G. T., de Oliveira, R. L., Silveira, C. C., Wilhelm, E. A., & Luchese, C. (2017) · Medicinal Chemistry Research · doi:10.1007/s00044-017-2044-1 · Cited by 10
“In the present study, glutamate-induced nociception was used to evaluate antinociceptive and antiedematogenic actions of vinyl sulfides a–c. Chemical agents can be used as nociceptive stimuli to assess pain and evaluate analgesic drugs (Le Bars et al. 2001).”
Method
Potentiation of morphine-induced antinociception and locomotion by citalopram is accompanied by anxiolytic-like effects
Varela, M. J., de la Rocha, A. A., Díaz, Á., & López‐Giménez, J. F. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.10.003 · Cited by 10
“The hot plate test is a thermal nociception assay that contemplates two behavioral components, i.e. mouse paw licking and jumping, resulting from the supraspinal integration of different neural processes (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Background
Pain sensitivity and torque used during measurement predicts change in range of motion at the knee
Bishop, M. D., & George, S. Z. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s150775 · Cited by 10
Using high-speed videography for objective and reproducible pain measurement on a mouse pain scale
Burdge, J., Fried, N. T., & Abdus-Saboor, I. (2021) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100322 · Cited by 10
Exploring the Sexual Dimorphism of Crustacean Neuropeptide Expression Using Callinectes sapidus as a Model Organism
Hu, M., Helfenbein, K., Buchberger, A. R., DeLaney, K., Liu, Y., & Li, L. (2021) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00023 · Cited by 10
A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 1: Safety and efficacy of epidural drugs
Kjærulff, L. N. R., & Lindegaard, C. (2021) · Equine Veterinary Education · doi:10.1111/eve.13488 · Cited by 10
Humanization of the Reaction Specificity of Mouse Alox15b Inversely Modified the Susceptibility of Corresponding Knock-In Mice in Two Different Animal Inflammation Models
Schäfer, M., Reisch, F., Łabuz, D., Machelska, H., Stehling, S., Püschel, G. P., Rothe, M., Heydeck, D., & Kühn, H. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241311034 · Cited by 10
The Role of NMDARs Ligands on Antinociceptive Effects of Pregabalin in the Tail Flick Test
Meymandi, M. S., Keyhanfar, F., Yazdanpanah, O., & Heravi, G. (2015) · Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine · doi:10.5812/aapm.28968 · Cited by 10
“If NMDA was injected directly into the tail, probably tail flick assay was able to demonstrate NMDA nociception characterized in processing of sensitized pain states (15, 41, 42).”
Background
Pharmacological evidence favouring the traditional use of the root bark of Condalia buxifolia Reissek in the relief of pain and inflammation in mice
Simões, R. R., Coelho, I. S., Junqueira, S. C., Maldaner, G., Morel, A. F., Venzke, D., Ruani, A. P., Pizzolatti, M. G., Zanchet, E. M., & Santos, A. R. S. (2015) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.028 · Cited by 10
Antinociceptive Effects of an Ethanolic Extract of Capparis erythrocarpos Isert Roots in the Mice Formalin Test
Woode, E., Danquah, C. A., Boakye‐Gyasi, E., Ansah, C., & Ainooson, G. K. (2009) · International Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.3923/ijp.2009.354.361 · Cited by 10
Refinement of Symptoms of Neuropathic Pain Measurements After Various Transections of the Nerve Endings of the Sciatic and Femoral Nerve in Rats: An Exploratory Behavioral Analysis
Remoortere, M. V., Meert, T. F., Vissers, K. C. P., Coppenolle, H., & Adriaensen, H. A. (2007) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000260319.12133.89 · Cited by 10
“Such a current is also used in other experiments (31–33) to evaluate the return of sensory function, but this type of stimulus completely bypasses peripheral receptors, stimulating nerve fibers directly with electrical thresholds related to their diameters (A A C), (34) whereas a pinprick causes a stimulation of super…”
Method
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Carvacrol Propionate
de Santana, M. T., Silva, V. B., de Brito, R. G., Santos, P. L., Cavalcanti, S. C. H., Barreto, E. O., Ferro, J. N. D. S., dos Santos, M. R. V., Araújo, A. A. D. S., & Quintans‐Júnior, L. J. (2014) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-014-9884-3 · Cited by 10
“When this same thermal stimulus presents a noxious aspect, it shall activate the nerve fibers Aδ and C and the information is carried to the brain [1], as occurs in the hotplate test, which makes it suitable for the screening of substances with an analgesic activity center [37].”
Background
Optimisation of in silico derived 2-aminobenzimidazole hits as unprecedented selective kappa opioid receptor agonists
Sasmal, P. K., Krishna, C. V., Adabala, S. S., Roshaiah, M., Rawoof, K. A., Thadi, E., Sukumar, K. P., Cheera, S., Abbineni, C., Rao, K. V., et al. (2015) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.064 · Cited by 10
Codeine and 6-Acetylcodeine Analgesia in Mice
Milo, S., Ansonoff, M. A., King, M., Rossi, G. C., Zuckerman, A., Pintar, J. E., & Pasternak, G. W. (2006) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-006-9101-5 · Cited by 10
“Analgesia was assessed quantally as a doubling or greater of the baseline latency using a radiant heat tailflick assay (Rossi et al., 1996; Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Method
[Screening of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in marines macroalgae from Mediterranean Sea].
Riahi, R., Tarhouni, S., & Kharrat, R. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 10
Phytochemical composition and pharmacological evaluation of different extracts of Oenothera rosea L´Hér. ex Ait (Onagraceae) aerial part
Márquez-Flores, Y. K., Meléndez-Camargo, M. E., García-Mateos, N. J., Huerta-Anaya, M. C., Pablo-Pérez, S. S., & Silva-Torres, R. (2018) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.04.008 · Cited by 10
Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy reducesc‐Fosactivation in the rat hippocampus: evidence of a long‐lasting effect
de Souza, A., Dussán‐Sarria, J. A., Medeiros, L. F., Souza, A. C. M. L., de Oliveira, C., Scarabelot, V. L., Adachi, L. N. S., Duarte, E. C. W., Martins, B. B. P., Netto, C. A., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.09.003 · Cited by 10
“With a stopwatch, the experimenter recorded the time in seconds between placement of the animals and the onset of paw licking or jumping behavior, which corresponds to the latency of response (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Method
Characteristics of the nociceptive withdrawal response elicited under aware and unaware conditions
Liebermann, D. G., & Defrin, R. (2007) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.10.006 · Cited by 10
Contribution to the Study of Perioperative Factors Affecting the Restoration of Dog’s Mobility after Femoral Head and Neck Excision: A Clinical Study in 30 Dogs
Krystalli, A., Sideri, A. I., Kazakos, G. M., Anatolitou, A., & Prassinos, N. N. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13142295 · Cited by 9
In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Profiles of LENART01, a Dermorphin–Ranatensin Hybrid Peptide
Hochrainer, N., Serafin, P., D’Ingiullo, S., Mollica, A., Granica, S., Brytan, M., Kleczkowska, P., & Spetea, M. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25074007 · Cited by 9
4-Hydroxycoumarin Exhibits Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects Through Cytokine Modulation: An Integrated In Silico and In Vivo Study
da Fonsêca, D. V., Rocha, J. S., Pereira, H. N. D. S. N., Pereira, H. N. D. S. N., de Santana, M. A. D., Alves, A. F., Pontes, A. H. O., Gomes, J. D. S., Felipe, C. F. B., da Silva, P. R., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26062788 · Cited by 9
WERF Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project for Experimental Models in Endometriosis Research (EPHect-EM-Pain): methods to assess pain behaviour in rodent models of endometriosis
Dodds, K. N., Fattori, V., Andrews, N. A., Appleyard, C. B., Christianson, J. A., Gomez, R., McAllister, S. L., Missmer, S. A., Nagel, J., Nuñez‐Badinez, P., et al. (2025) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gaaf023 · Cited by 9
“A major drawback of the hot plate test is the learning component, where repeatedly tested naïve rats show a reduced latency to produce one of the pain-associated behaviours (Le Bars et al. , 2001).”
Influential
The effects of the acetic acid “pain” test on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A critique on Newby and Stevens (2008)—Response
Newby, N. C., & Stevens, E. D. (2008) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.07.009 · Cited by 9
Magnesium sulfate reduces formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats with normal magnesium serum levels
Srebro, D., Vuckovic, S. M., Dožić, I., Dožić, B., Vujović, K. S., Milovanović, A., Karadzic, B., & Prostran, M. S. (2017) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2017.08.005 · Cited by 9
“The first phase is the result of direct activation of peripheral nociceptors, while the second phase is associated with an inflammatory response and central sensitization [4, 9].”
Background
Comparison of Nociceptive Effects of Buprenorphine, Firocoxib, and Meloxicam in a Plantar Incision Model in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Bennett, T. E., Pavek, T., Schwark, W. S., & Singh, B. (2021) · Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science · doi:10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000142 · Cited by 9
Himalayan Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. leaf and fruit extracts alleviate algesia through COX-2 and Mu-opioid receptor mediated pathways
Tewari, D., Bawari, S., Sah, A. N., Sharma, H., Joshi, B. C., Gupta, P. K., & Sharma, V. K. (2023) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.117004 · Cited by 9
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new endomorphin analogs with enhanced central antinociception after peripheral administration
Liu, X., Zhao, L., Wang, Y., Mou, L., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, D., & Wang, R. (2015) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.025 · Cited by 9
Validation of a Modified Algometer to Measure Mechanical Nociceptive Thresholds in Awake Dogs
Kaka, U., Chen, H. C., Goh, Y. M., Abubakar, A. A., Fakurazi, S., & Ebrahimi, M. M. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/375421 · Cited by 9
“These algometry methods can stimulate both the Aδ and C fibers, which are responsible for encoding clinical pain [14].”
BackgroundInfluential
The Effect of Sub-MAC Anesthesia and the Radiation Setting on Repeated Tail Flick Testing in Rats
Takasugi, Y., Fuyuta, M., Sugiura, J., Yabuta, K., Iwamoto, T., & Koga, Y. (2008) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim.57.65 · Cited by 9
Intracerebroventricular or intrathecal injection of glycine produces analgesia in thermal nociception and chemical nociception via glycine receptors
Cheng, W., Yin, Q., Cheng, M.-Y., Chen, H.-S., Wang, S., Feng, T., Yin-ming, Z., & Liu, G. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.052 · Cited by 9
“The explanations of the probable mechanisms may include the following points: Pain is the net effect of multidimensional mechanisms that involve most parts of the central nervous system (Le et al., 2001).”
Background
Use of dynamic weight bearing as a novel end-point for the assessment of abdominal pain in the LPS-induced peritonitis model in the rat
Gruen, M., Laux‐Biehlmann, A., Zollner, T. M., & Nagel, J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.05.017 · Cited by 9
Oxymatrine–carbenoxolone sodium inclusion compound induces antinociception and increases the expression of GABAAα1 receptors in mice
Zhou, J., Yang, G., Jin, S., Tao, L., Yu, J., & Jiang, Y. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.065 · Cited by 9
Nonpeptide Ligands of Neuropeptide FF: Current Status and Structural Insights
Mankus, J. V., & McCurdy, C. R. (2012) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.4155/fmc.12.67 · Cited by 9
Biology and Pathophysiology of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Mixcoatl-Zecuatl, T., & Calcutt, N. A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6299-6_2 · Cited by 9
Preclinical Analgesic and Safety Evaluation of the GalR2-preferring Analog, NAX 810-2
Metcalf, C. S., Smith, M. D., Klein, B. D., McDougle, D. R., Zhang, L., & Bulaj, G. W. (2017) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-017-2229-5 · Cited by 9
“The mouse tail flick model is thought to be almost entirely centrally mediated, though this may vary depending on test conditions [54].”
Background
On the coding and reporting of race and ethnicity in New Hampshire for purposes of cancer reporting.
Riddle, B. L. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 9
EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA
Damor, B., Gaur, K., Dashora, A., & Parra, S. (2019) · Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research · doi:10.31069/japsr.v1i4.4 · Cited by 9
“[9] The reaction time was recorded at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after drug administration, with a cut-off time of 15 sec.”
Method
New Insights on Formyl Peptide Receptor Type 2 Involvement in Nociceptive Processes in the Spinal Cord
Colucci, M., Stefanucci, A., Mollica, A., Aloisi, A. M., Μaione, F., & Pieretti, S. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12040500 · Cited by 9
“Nociception can also be induced by chemical agents in order to preclinically evaluate potential analgesic drugs, and the formalin test is one of the most commonly used procedures [21].”
Background
Spinal Nociception is Facilitated during Cognitive Distraction
Henrich, M. C., Frahm, K. S., Coghill, R. C., & Andersen, O. K. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.038 · Cited by 7
Safety Assessment and Pain Relief Properties of Saffron from Taliouine Region (Morocco)
Tastift, M. A., Makbal, R., Bourhim, T., Omari, Z., Isoda, H., & Gadhi, C. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27103339 · Cited by 10
“Pain is a physiological process whose purpose is to warn the person of a threat to his physical integrity, hence the term nociception [1].”
Background
Mechanisms of Actions Involved in The Antinociceptive Effect of Estragole and its β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Animal Models
da Costa, R. H. S., Martins, A. O. B. P. B., Pessoa, R. T., Alshehri, S. A., Wahab, S., Ahmad, M. F., Suliman, M., da Silva, L. Y. S., Alcântara, I. S., Ramos, A. G. B., et al. (2022) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants11212854 · Cited by 9
“The types of nociceptive stimuli (electrical, thermal, mechanical, or chemical) that have been used in different pain models are likely to more closely mimic acute clinical pain that affect supraspinal and spinal components [27].”
Background
The waiting game: investigating the neurobiological transition from acute to persistent pain in adolescent rats
Salberg, S., Doshen, A., Yamakawa, G. R., Miller, J. V., Noel, M. E., Henderson, L. A., & Mychasiuk, R. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac511 · Cited by 10
Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of Miconia genus: A systematic review
Gandhi, S. R., Gandhi, G. R., Antony, P. J., Hillary, V. E., Ceasar, S. A., Hariharan, G., Liu, Y., Gurgel, R. Q., Quintans, J. D. S. S., & Quintans‐Júnior, L. J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14609 · Cited by 9
An investigation of the effects of ketoprofen following rumen fistulation surgery in lactating dairy cows.
Newby, N. C., Tucker, C. B., Pearl, D. L., LeBlanc, S. J., Leslie, K. E., von Keyserlingk, M. A. G., & Duffield, T. F. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9
Altered nociception in mice with genetically induced hypoglutamatergic tone
Kayser, V., Viguier, F., Melfort, M., Bourgoin, S., Hamon, M., & Masson, J. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.044 · Cited by 9
“Indeed, the responses in the von Frey filament and tail-pressure tests are considered as spinal reflexes whereas the tailclip biting/grasping responses would involve supra-spinal glutamatergic signaling (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Rapid Determination of the Thermal Nociceptive Threshold in Diabetic Rats
Alshahrani, S., Fernandez-Conti, F., de Araújo, A. A., & DiFulvio, M. (2012) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/3785 · Cited by 9
Poincaré plot descriptors of heart rate variability as markers of persistent pain expression in freely moving rats
Charlet, A., Rodeau, J., & Poisbeau, P. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.004 · Cited by 9
“Animal pain is currently evaluated either by the identification of spontaneous behavioral signs of suffering or by the hypersensitivity of sensorimotor reflexes in response to an acute electric, chemical, mechanical or thermal stimulation [4].”
Background
Neuropathic pain: multiple mechanisms at multiple sites
Bee, L., & Dickenson, A. H. (2007) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/14796708.2.6.661 · Cited by 9
“Translational research & the need for surrogate pain models Animal models that proximate human neuropathic pain allow the molecular and cellular events underlying abnormal sensory processing and disproportionate pain to be explored [6].”
Background
Effect of morphine, methadone, hydromorphone or oxymorphone on the thermal threshold, following intravenous or buccal administration to cats
Pypendop, B. H., Shilo‐Benjamini, Y., & Ilkiw, J. E. (2016) · Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia · doi:10.1111/vaa.12356 · Cited by 9
Awake behaving electrophysiological correlates of forelimb hyperreflexia, weakness and disrupted muscular synchronization following cervical spinal cord injury in the rat
Ganzer, P. D., Meyers, E., Sloan, A. M., Maliakkal, R., Ruiz, A., Kilgard, M. P., & Rennaker, R. L. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.042 · Cited by 9
“Importantly, the radiant heat source used during forelimb withdrawal assessment does activate both thermal and cutaneous afferents [69].”
Background
Study on the influence of potent inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase on the antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity of benzodiazepines in mice.
Fidecka, S. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Identification of antinociceptive fraction of snake venom from Crotalus durissus collilineatus crotamine-negative and its acute toxicity evaluation
de Oliveira, S. A. M., Magalhães, M. R., de Oliveira, L. P., & da Cunha, L. C. (2016) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.008 · Cited by 9
Influence of social interaction on nociceptive-induced changes in locomotor activity in a mouse model of acute inflammatory pain: Use of novel thermal assays
Smeester, B. A., Lee, J., & Beitz, A. J. (2017) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.06.017 · Cited by 9
Wu-tou decoction attenuates neuropathic pain via suppressing spinal astrocytic IL-1R1/TRAF6/JNK signaling
Wang, C., Kong, X., Zhu, C., Liu, C., Sun, D., Xu, Q., Mao, Z., Qin, Q., Su, H., Wang, D., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21638 · Cited by 9
“60 g/kg) produced no analgesic effect in sham control mice in the radiant heat test, further ruling out the possibilities of drug tolerance [28, 29] and identifying its unique role for NP normalization.”
BackgroundInfluential
Role of TRPV1 channels of the dorsal periaqueductal gray in the modulation of nociception and open elevated plus maze-induced antinociception in mice
Mascarenhas, D. C., Gomes, K. S., & Nunes‐de‐Souza, R. L. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.023 · Cited by 9
Analgesia and pain assessment in veterinary research and clinical trials
KuKanich, B. K. (2011) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.02.015 · Cited by 9
Impact of Lidocaine on Pain-Related Grooming in Cuttlefish
Kuo, T.-H., Sneddon, L. U., Spencer, J. W., & Chiao, C. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11111560 · Cited by 8
“The acetic acid test is a standard pain test and a model for exploring behavioural responses to acetic acid to determine the intensity of pain and also the effect of analgesics or other tested substances [32,33].”
Background
The rostral ventromedial medulla control of cutaneous vasomotion of paws and tail in the rat: implication for pain studies
Bitar, N. E., Pollin, B., Huang, G., Mouraux, A., & Bars, D. L. (2015) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00695.2015 · Cited by 8
“In spite of several warnings initiated by T. Lovick and P. Mason (Le Bars et al. 2001; Leﬂer et al. 2008; Lovick 1997; Mason 2001, 2005a,b, 2006, 2011, 2012), the speciﬁcity of the RVM regarding the control of pain/nociception mechanisms is repeatedly put forward or assumed (e.g., Fields et al.…”
Influential
Synergistic interaction between tapentadol and flupirtine in the rat orafacial formalin test
Lee, H., Vito, V. D., Gıorgı, M., & Yun, H. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.064 · Cited by 8
“The formalin induced models are thought to most closely simulate characteristics of clinical pain (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Background
Are presynaptic GABA-Cρ2 receptors involved in anti-nociception?
Tadavarty, R., Hwang, J.-H., Rajput, P. S., Soja, P. J., Kumar, U., & Sastry, B. R. (2015) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.049 · Cited by 8

Authors: Le Bars, D., Gozariu, M., & Cadden, S. W.
Venue: Pharmacological Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-12
Volume: 53
Issue: 4
Pages: 597-652
ISSN: 0031-6997 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01514-x
OpenAlex: W4406058850
Cited by: 1,459
References: 621
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 107 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 117 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 87
FWCI: 4.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Pharmacological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
Keywords: animal models of pain, nociception, animal pain assessment, nociceptive stimuli, thermal pain, mechanical pain, chemical pain, electrical pain, nociceptive threshold, spinal reflexes, inflammation, homeostatic mechanisms
MeSH terms: Analgesics, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Nerve Fibers, Pain, Pain Measurement

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Animal Models of Nociception

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks