Cited by 1,459Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsAnimal testing and alternativesVeterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia

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Animal Models of Nociception

Le Bars, Daniel, Gozariu, Manuela, Cadden, Samuel W.·2001·Pharmacological Reviews

DOI 10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01514-x

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Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals.
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BackgroundMethod
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Background
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Background
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BackgroundMethod
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Background
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Method
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BackgroundInfluential
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Background
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Background
DPI-3290 [(+)-3-((α-R)-α-((2 S,5 R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-hydroxybenzyl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-methylbenzamide]. II. A Mixed Opioid Agonist with Potent Antinociceptive Activity and Limited Effects on Respiratory Function
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Method
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Elhabazi, K., Ouacherif, A., Laroubi, A., Aboufatima, R., Abbad, A., Ahmed Benharref, A., Zyad, A., Chait, A., & Dalal, A. (2008) · African Journal of Microbiology Research · doi:10.5897/ajmr.9000034 · Cited by 26
NS383 Selectively Inhibits Acid‐Sensing Ion Channels Containing 1a and 3 Subunits to Reverse Inflammatory and Neuropathic Hyperalgesia in Rats
Munro, G., Christensen, J. K., Erichsen, H. K., Dyhring, T., Demnitz, J., Dam, E., & Ahring, P. K. (2015) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12487 · Cited by 26
“Individual rats (body weight 130 g) were tested as described previously [31,32].”
Method
Docking, characterization and investigation of β-cyclodextrin complexed with farnesol, an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, produces orofacial antinociceptive profile in experimental protocols
Silva, J. C., Alcantara, L. F. D. M., Soares, J. M. D., Silva, M. G. E., de Lavor, É. M., Andrade, V. M., Menezes, P. D. P., Araújo, A. A. D. S., Leite, L. H. I., de Menezes, I. R. A., et al. (2017) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2017.07.022 · Cited by 26
Sex differences in the potency of κ opioids and mixed-action opioids administered systemically and at the site of inflammation against capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia in rats
Lomas, L. M., Barrett, A. C., Terner, J. M., Lysle, D. T., & Picker, M. J. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0663-1 · Cited by 26
“Acute and persistent nociception also differ in terms of their duration, neurochemical substrates, and sensitivity to pharmacological manipulation (Le Bars et al. 2001; Richardson and Vasko 2002; Mogil et al. 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
Antinociceptive properties of Micrurus lemniscatus venom
dos Santos, G. G. L., Casais-e-Silva, L. L., Soares, M. B. P., & Villarreal, C. F. (2012) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.003 · Cited by 26
“Indeed, this test works not only for analgesics, but also for several other substances, including some devoid of antinociceptive action, e.g., adrenergic blockers, muscle relaxants, and neuroleptics (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethod
Venomic and pharmacological activity of Acanthoscurria paulensis (Theraphosidae) spider venom
Mourão, C. B. F., Oliveira, F. N., Carvalho, A. C. E., Arenas, C., Duque, H. M., Gonçalves, J. C., Macêdo, J. K. A., Galante, P., Schwartz, C. A., Mortari, M. R., et al. (2012) · Toxicon · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.008 · Cited by 25
Factors affecting mechanical nociceptive thresholds in healthy sows
Nalon, E., Maes, D. G. D., Piepers, S., Taylor, P. M., van Riet, M. M., Janssens, G. P., Millet, S., & Tuyttens, F. (2015) · Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia · doi:10.1111/vaa.12313 · Cited by 25
“However, adaptation (i.e. a progressive loss of sensitivity to the applied stimulus) can also occur in MNT testing and may depend on the type of nerve fibre that is stimulated and the interval between repeated stimulations (Slugg et al. 2000; Le Bars et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Preclinical Comparison of Mechanistically Different Antiseizure, Antinociceptive, and/or Antidepressant Drugs in a Battery of Rodent Models of Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain
Smith, M. D., Woodhead, J. H., Handy, L. J., Pruess, T. H., Vanegas, F., Grussendorf, E., Grussendorf, J., White, K. L., Bulaj, K. K., Krumin, R. K., et al. (2017) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-017-2286-9 · Cited by 25
Animal Models of Diabetes-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Lee-Kubli, C. A., Mixcoatl-Zecuatl, T., Jolivalt, C. G., & Calcutt, N. A. (2014) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2014_280 · Cited by 26
“A hot plate may be used (Forman et al. 1986), but the complexity of signals induced by stimulating all limbs and the tail makes interpretation difficult (Le Bars et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Differential effects of general anesthetics on anxiety-like behavior in formalin-induced pain: involvement of ERK activation in the anterior cingulate cortex
Luo, C., Zhang, Y., Luo, W., Zhou, F. H., Li, C.-Q., Xu, J., & Dai, R. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4071-2 · Cited by 25
Response properties of nociceptive neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in monoarthritic and healthy control rats: Modulation of responses by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN)
Pinto‐Ribeiro, F., Ansah, O. B., Almeida, A., & Pertovaara, A. (2011) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.014 · Cited by 25
Learning influence on the behavioral structure of rat response to pain in hot-plate
Casarrubea, M., Sorbera, F., Santangelo, A., & Crescimanno, G. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.07.020 · Cited by 25
Antinociceptive effects and toxicity of morphine-6-O-sulfate sodium salt in rat models of pain
Holtman, J. R., Crooks, P. A., Hardy, J. K., & Wala, E. P. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.034 · Cited by 25
A novel role for receptor like protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta in modulation of sensorimotor responses to noxious stimuli: evidences from knockout mice studies.
Lafont, D., Adage, T., Gréco, B., & Zaratin, P. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.01.025 · Cited by 25
Early dysfunction of central 5-HT system in a murine model of bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Vidal, C., Herzog, C., Haeberle, A.-M., Bombarde, C., Miquel, M., Carimalo, J., Launay, J., Mouillet‐Richard, S., Lasmézas, C. I., Dormont, D., et al. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.072 · Cited by 29
Painful neuropathy
Lee-Kubli, C. A., & Calcutt, N. A. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00034-5 · Cited by 26
Conditioned place preference and spontaneous dorsal horn neuron activity in chronic constriction injury model in rats
Dalm, B., Reddy, C. G., Howard, M. A., Kang, S., & Brennan, T. J. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000365 · Cited by 25
“It is controversial whether to use withdrawal threshold or nocifensive responses to mechanical stimuli to study mechanical hypersensitivity after nerve injury.(10,19,20) We preferred nocifensive responses rather than simple withdrawal because the nocifensive behaviors are associated with aversion in behavioral studies.”
Background
Animal Models of Inflammatory Pain
Zhang, R.-X., & Ren, K. (2010) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-880-5_2 · Cited by 25
“Interested readers may consult more comprehensive reviews for further details (1, 2).”
Background
What can kinematics tell us about the affective states of animals?
Guesgen, M. J., & Bench, C. (2017) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.26.4.383 · Cited by 22
Modeling the daily rhythm of human pain processing in the dorsal horn
Crodelle, J. A., Piltz, S. H., Hagenauer, M. H., & Booth, V. (2019) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007106 · Cited by 23
Citric Acid in Drug Formulations Causes Pain by Potentiating Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1
Yang, Y. L., & Lai, T. W. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2087-20.2021 · Cited by 25
The effects of acute stress and acute corticosterone administration on the immobility response in rats
Zamudio, S., Quevedo-Corona, L., Garcés, L., & de la Cruz, F. (2009) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.09.005 · Cited by 25
Bioassay-guided evaluation of Dioscorea villosa – an acute and subchronic toxicity, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory approach
de Lima, C. M., de Lima, A. K., de Melo, M. G. D., Serafini, M. R., Oliveira, D. L., de Almeida, E. B., Barreto, R. D. S. S., Nogueira, P. C. D. L., Moraes, V. R. D. S., Oliveira, É. R. A., et al. (2013) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-195 · Cited by 24
“bradykinin and prostaglandins [33-35].”
Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor A/neuropilin 1 axis for relief of neuropathic pain
Stratton, H. J., Boinon, L., Gómez, K., Martin, L., Duran, P., Ran, D., Zhou, Y., Luo, S., Perez‐Miller, S., Pátek, M., et al. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002850 · Cited by 24
Dexmedetomidine ameliorates nocifensive behavior in humanized sickle cell mice
Calhoun, G., Wang, L., Almeida, L. E. F., Kenyon, N. J., Afsar, N. M., Nouraie, M. S., Finkel, J. C., & Quezado, Z. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.027 · Cited by 24
“Once these behaviors were observed, mice were removed from the hot plate (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Background
Antinociceptive Activity ofMelicope ptelefoliaEthanolic Extract in Experimental Animals
Sulaiman, M. R., Padzil, A. M., Shaari, K., Khalid, S., Mossadeq, W. M. S., Mohamad, A. S., Ahmad, S., Akira, A., Israf, D. A., & Lajis, N. H. (2010) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2010/937642 · Cited by 24
“The acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test and the hot-plate test have been reported to be useful methods to investigate peripheral and central antinociceptive activity, respectively [17, 18], while the formalin-induced paw licking test is a valuable method to detect antinociceptive activity both peripherally…”
Method
Approach-aversion in calves following injections
Ede, T., von Keyserlingk, M. A. G., & Weary, D. M. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27669-7 · Cited by 24
New ibuprofen derivatives with thiazolidine-4-one scaffold with improved pharmaco-toxicological profile
Vasincu, I. M., Apotrosoaei, M., Constantin, S. M., Butnaru, M., Vereștiuc, L., Lupuşoru, C.-E., Buron, F., Routier, S., Lupașcu, D., Tauser, R.-G., et al. (2021) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-021-00475-0 · Cited by 24
“measuring the latency at time 0 (T0) [15, 16].”
Biological Activities of Libidibia (Caesalpinia) ferrea var. parvifolia (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz Pod Preparations
de Freitas, A. C. C., Ximenes, N. C., Aguiar, J. D. S., do Nascimento, S. C., Lins, T. U. L. E., Magalhães, L. R., Coelho, L. C. B. B., Carneiro‐da‐Cunha, M. G., Gonçalves-Silva, T., & Correia, M. T. D. S. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/514134 · Cited by 24
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Sambucus palmensis link, an endemic Canary Island species
Abdala, S., Dévora, S., Martín-Herrera, D., & de Paz, P. P. (2014) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.002 · Cited by 24
Development of a mechanical stimulator and force measurement system for the assessment of nociceptive thresholds in pigs
Sandercock, D. A., Gibson, I. F., Brash, H. M., Rutherford, K., Scott, E. M., & Nolan, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.05.019 · Cited by 24
Analgesic effects of stem bark extracts of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) JJ De Wilde
Woode, E., Amoh-Barimah, A. K., Abotsi, W. K. M., Ainooson, G. K., & Owusu, G. (2012) · Indian Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.4103/0253-7613.103299 · Cited by 24
Isobolographic analysis of the opioid-opioid interactions in a tonic and a phasic mouse model of induced nociceptive pain
Miranda, H. F., Noriega, V., Zanetta, P., Prieto, J. C., Prieto-Rayo, J. C., Aranda, N., & Sierralta, F. (2014) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0062-6 · Cited by 24
“A phasic model of induced pain was also utilized, the hot plate assay [14].”
BackgroundMethod
Urethane anesthesia depresses activities of thalamocortical neurons and alters its response to nociception in terms of dual firing modes
Huh, Y., & Cho, J. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00141 · Cited by 24
“The formalin pain model triggers the behaviorally characteristic 1st and 2nd phase nociceptive responses, respectively corresponding to the acute stimulation of nociceptors and the development of inflammation (Le Bars et al., 2011).”
Background
Antinociceptive and acute toxicity evaluation of Vernonia condensata Baker leaves extracted with different solvents and their mixtures.
Risso, W. E., Scarmínio, I. S., & Moreira, E. G. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 24
The effects of the acetic acid “pain” test on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Newby, N. C., & Stevens, E. D. (2008) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2007.12.006 · Cited by 24
Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Chondroprotective Activities ofCryptolepis buchananiExtract:In VitroandIn VivoStudies
Hanprasertpong, N., Teekachunhatean, S., Chaiwongsa, R., Ongchai, S., Kunanusorn, P., Sangdee, C., Panthong, A., Bunteang, S., Nathasaen, N., & Reutrakul, V. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/978582 · Cited by 24
Antinociceptive Activity of an Ethanol Extract of Justicia spicigera
Zapata‐Morales, J. R., Alonso‐Castro, Á. J., Domínguez, F., Álvarez, C. C., Castellanos, L. M. O., Martínez‐Medina, R. M., & Pérez‐Urizar, J. (2016) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.21307 · Cited by 24
“2) indicated that JSE at 200 mg/kg exerted peripheral antinociceptive effects that were similar in magnitude to 150 mg/kg NPX [Ikeda et al., 2001; Le Bars et al., 2001].”
Background
Altered nocifensive behavior in animal models of autism spectrum disorder: The role of the nicotinic cholinergic system
Wang, L., Almeida, L. E. F., Nettleton, M. Y., Khaibullina, A., Albani, S. H., Kamimura, S., Nouraie, M. S., & Quezado, Z. (2016) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.013 · Cited by 25
“In order to evaluate nocifensive response to noxious heat, mice were placed on a hotplate (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA) and latency to display of pain-avoiding behaviors (jumping, stomping or repeated lifting or licking of hind or front paws) was measured(Le Bars et al., 2001).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
GDE2 is essential for neuronal survival in the postnatal mammalian spinal cord
Cave, C., Park, S., Rodriguez, M., Nakamura, M., Höke, A., Pletnikov, M. V., & Sockanathan, S. (2017) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-017-0148-1 · Cited by 24
“Lastly, we measured heat sensitization, the animal’s latency to withdraw its hindpaw from a noxious radiant heat source [48].”
BackgroundMethod
An investigation of mechanical nociceptive thresholds in dogs with hind limb joint pain compared to healthy control dogs
Harris, L. K., Whay, H., & Murrell, J. C. (2017) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.012 · Cited by 24
“Mechanical threshold testing is used to identify the point at which an animal responds to an increasing mechanical stimulus; the magnitude of the stimulus at this point represents the animal’s nociceptive threshold (Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Background
Antinociceptive effectiveness of Tithonia tubaeformis in a vincristine model of chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy in mice
Nawaz, N. U. A., Saeed, M., Rauf, K., Usman, M., Arif, M., Ullah, Z., & Raziq, N. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.115 · Cited by 24
Bioactivity guided isolation of antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic constituents from the leaves of Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.)
Ghosh, S., Chattopadhyay, D., Mandal, A., Kaity, S., & Samanta, A. (2013) · Medicinal Chemistry Research · doi:10.1007/s00044-012-0449-4 · Cited by 24
Ellagic acid enhances the antinociceptive action of venlafaxine in mouse acetic acid-induced pain: An isobolographic analysis
Mansouri, M. T., Naghizadeh, B., & Ghorbanzadeh, B. (2014) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2014.11.004 · Cited by 24
Evaluation of contact heat thermal threshold testing for standardized assessment of cutaneous nociception in horses - comparison of different locations and environmental conditions
Poller, C., Hopster, K., Röhn, K., & Kästner, S. (2013) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-4 · Cited by 24
“Nociceptive threshold tests are standard models of nociceptive pain in laboratory animals [1].”
Background
Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the hydroalcoholic fractions from the leaves of Annona crassiflora Mart. in mice
Oliveira, C. D. C., de Matos, N. A., Veloso, C. C., Lage, G. A., Pimenta, L. P. S., Duarte, I. D. G., Romero, T. R. L., Klein, A., & Perez, A. C. (2018) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-017-0426-0 · Cited by 24
The failure to detect drug-induced sensory loss in standard preclinical studies
Gauvin, D. V., Abernathy, M. M., Tapp, R. L., Yoder, J. D., Dalton, J. A., & Baird, T. J. (2015) · Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2015.05.011 · Cited by 24
Dual, Hyperalgesic, and Analgesic Effects of the High-Efficacy 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) Agonist F 13640 [(3-Chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-[4-fluoro-4-{[(5-methyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}piperidin-1-yl]methanone, Fumaric Acid Salt]: Relationship with 5-HT1A Receptor Occupancy and Kinetic Parameters
Bardin, L., Assié, M., Pélissou, M., Royer-Urios, I., Newman‐Tancredi, A., Ribet, J., Sautel, F., Koek, W., & Colpaert, F. C. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.104.077669 · Cited by 24
“Vocalization in response to mechanical stimulation is a highly integrated response (Le Bars et al., 2001) that is particularly susceptible to the hyperalgesic effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonists as well as opioids (Colpaert et al., 2002); these same 5-HT1A receptor agonists also demonstrate…”
The discovery of benzoxazine sulfonamide inhibitors of NaV1.7: Tools that bridge efficacy and target engagement
La, D. S., Peterson, E. A., Bode, C., Boezio, A. A., Bregman, H. S., Chu‐Moyer, M. Y., Coats, J. R., DiMauro, E. F., Dineen, T. A., Du, B., et al. (2017) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.070 · Cited by 23
A lectin fraction from green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides inhibits inflammatory nociception in the temporomandibular joint of rats dependent from peripheral mechanisms
Rivanor, R. L. D. C., do Val, D. R., Ribeiro, N. A., Silveira, F. D., de Assis, E. L., Franco, Á. X., Vieira, L. V., de Queiroz, I. N. L., Chaves, H. V., Bezerra, M. M., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.065 · Cited by 23
Behavioral Battery for Testing Candidate Analgesics in Mice. I. Validation with Positive and Negative Controls
Diester, C. M., Santos, E. J., Moerke, M. J., & Negus, S. S. (2021) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.120.000464 · Cited by 23
“IP acid also has the experimental advantage of producing replicable effects with repeated administration, which allows within-subject experimental designs (Le Bars et al., 2001; Stevenson et al., 2006).”
Background
Changes in saccharin preference behavior as a primary outcome to evaluate pain and analgesia in acetic acid-induced visceral pain in mice
Portillo-Salido, E. F., de la Puente, B., Romero-Alejo, E., Vela, J. M., Merlos, M., & Zamanillo, D. (2015) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s91230 · Cited by 23
Analysis of the antinociceptive interactions in two-drug combinations of gabapentin, oxcarbazepine and amitriptyline in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Tomic´, M. A., Vuckovic, S. M., Stepanović-Petrović, R. M., Micov, A. M., Ugrešić, N. D., Prostran, M. S., & Bošković, B. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.016 · Cited by 23
“It provides information concerning peripheral nerve and spinal functions in isolation from higher nociceptive processing and cognitive systems (Calcutt, 2002; Le Bars et al., 2001).”
Background
Contribution of dopaminergic and adenosinergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of p-chloro-selenosteroid
Sari, M. H. M., Souza, A. C. G., Rosa, S. G., de Souza, D., Rodrigues, O. E. D., & Nogueira, C. W. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.004 · Cited by 23
Pain-suppressed behaviors in the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
Mazor-Thomas, J. E., Mann, P. E., Karas, A. Z., & Tseng, F. (2013) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2013.12.011 · Cited by 23
“The relevance of these types of tests to clinical pain is unclear (Le Bars et al., 2001); phasic stimuli are carried on different nerve fibers than sustained (tonic) pain, and the measured differences in withdrawal cannot be clearly attributed to effective analgesia as opposed to slowed motor…”
Background
Open elevated plus maze-induced antinociception in rats: A non-opioid type of pain inhibition?
Cornélio, A. M., & Nunes‐de‐Souza, R. L. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.11.007 · Cited by 23

Authors: Le Bars, D., Gozariu, M., & Cadden, S. W.
Venue: Pharmacological Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-12
Volume: 53
Issue: 4
Pages: 597-652
ISSN: 0031-6997 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01514-x
OpenAlex: W4406058850
Cited by: 1,459
References: 621
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 107 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 117 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 87
FWCI: 4.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Pharmacological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
Keywords: animal models of pain, nociception, animal pain assessment, nociceptive stimuli, thermal pain, mechanical pain, chemical pain, electrical pain, nociceptive threshold, spinal reflexes, inflammation, homeostatic mechanisms
MeSH terms: Analgesics, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Nerve Fibers, Pain, Pain Measurement

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