The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An international classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration
Open accessAbstract
A common detection and classification system is needed for epidemiologic studies of age-related maculopathy (ARM). Such a grading scheme for ARM is described in this paper. ARM is defined as a degenerative disorder in persons > or = 50 years of age characterized on grading of color fundus transparencies by the presence of the following abnormalities in the macular area: soft drusen > or = 63 microns, hyperpigmentation and/or hypopigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), RPE and associated neurosensory detachment, (peri)retinal hemorrhages, geographic atrophy of the RPE, or (peri)retinal fibrous scarring in the absence of other retinal (vascular) disorders. Visual acuity is not used to define the presence of ARM. Early ARM is defined as the presence of drusen and RPE pigmentary abnormalities described above; late ARM is similar to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and includes dry AMD (geographic atrophy of the RPE in the absence of neovascular AMD) or neovascular AMD (RPE detachment, hemorrhages, and/or scars as described above). Methods to take and grade fundus transparencies are described.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Age is the strongest risk factor for age-related macular degeneration; all population-based studies confirm that the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration increases with age in white individuals.3,22–27”
From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Grading was carried out using a standard grid classification suggested by the International Age-Related Maculopathy Epidemiological Study Group for age-related maculopathy and AMD [23].”
From CFH Y402H confers similar risk of soft drusen and both forms of advanced AMD (2005) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Prevalence of age-related maculopathy
Klein, R., Klein, B. E. K., & Linton, K. L. P. (1992) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31871-8 · Cited by 1,845
Self-citationKlein, R., Klein, R., Moss, S. E., & Linton, K. L. P. (1992) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(92)32011-1 · Cited by 1,382
Self-citationLeibowitz, H. M., Krueger, D. E., Maunder, L. R., Milton, R. C., KINI, M. M., Kahn, H. A., Nickerson, R. J., Pool, J., Colton, T., Ganley, J. P., et al. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 1,250
The Prevalence of Age-related Maculopathy in the Rotterdam Study
Vingerling, J. R., Dielemans, I., Hofman, A., Grobbee, D. E., Hijmering, M., Kramer, C. F. L., & de Jong, P. T. V. M. (1995) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(95)31034-2 · Cited by 815
Self-citationHistology of the Human Eye: An Atlas and Textbook
(1972) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1972.tb88227.x · Cited by 636
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
GOLDBERG, J., FLOWERDEW, G., SMITH, E., BRODY, J. A., & TSO, M. O. M. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115023 · Cited by 384
The Grading and Prevalence of Macular Degeneration in Chesapeake Bay Watermen
Bressler, N. M. (1989) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010869032 · Cited by 251
Self-citationSenile disciform macular degeneration in the second eye.
Gregor, Z. J., Bird, A. C., & Chisholm, I. H. (1977) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.61.2.141 · Cited by 199
Self-citationPrevalence of Ocular Disease in a Population Study of Subjects 65 Years Old and Older
Martinez, G. S., Campbell, A. J., Reinken, J., & Allan, B. C. (1982) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(82)90073-3 · Cited by 153
Age‐related macular degeneration. Macular changes, prevalence and sex ratio
Vinding, T. (1989) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1989.tb04392.x · Cited by 90
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 1981, Report 7. A modification of the Airlie House Classification of diabetic retinopathy, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 21, 210
- Haab, 1885, Erkrankungen der Macula lutea. Centralblatt für praktische, Augenheilkunde, 9, 383
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Beatty, S., Koh, H.-H., Phil, M., Henson, D., & Boulton, M. (2000) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00140-5 · Cited by 2,051
Hageman, G. S., Anderson, D. H., Johnson, L. V., Hancox, L. S., Taiber, A. J., Hardisty, L. I., Hageman, J. L., Stockman, H. A., Borchardt, J. D., Gehrs, K. M., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501536102 · Cited by 1,961
Self-citationAge-related macular degeneration
Jager, R. D., Mieler, W. F., & Miller, J. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0801537 · Cited by 1,379
Hageman, G. (2001) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(01)00010-6 · Cited by 1,265
The AMD Genetics Clinical Study Group, Gold, B., Merriam, J. E., Zernant, J., Hancox, L. S., Taiber, A. J., Gehrs, K., Cramer, K., Neel, J., Bergeron, J., et al. (2006) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1750 · Cited by 1,075
Metadata
- Authors
- Bird, A. C., Bressler, N. M., Bressler, S. B., Chisholm, I. H., Coscas, G., Davis, M. D., de Jong, P. T. V. M., Klaver, C. C. W., Klein, B. E. K., Klein, R., Mitchell, P., Sarks, J. P., Sarks, S. H., Soubrane, G., Taylor, H. R., & Vingerling, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NL)
- Venue
- Survey of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 367-374
- ISSN
- 0039-6257 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2069110097
- Cited by
- 1,926
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 102 · 2012: 106
- FWCI
- 31.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Survey of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (U01 EY06594)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- age-related maculopathy, age-related macular degeneration, classification systems, grading system, drusen, retinal pigment epithelium, geographic atrophy, retinal detachment, neovascular AMD, dry age-related macular degeneration
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Fundus Oculi, Humans, International Cooperation, Macula Lutea, Macular Degeneration, Middle Aged, Photography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
