The Grading and Prevalence of Macular Degeneration in Chesapeake Bay Watermen
Abstract
A new grading scheme was developed to classify the fundus features of macular degeneration. This scheme identifies the earliest fundus changes associated with macular degeneration, as well as specific drusen characteristics felt to be associated with an increased risk of developing the exudative forms of this disease. Agreement between two graders using this scheme indicated good interobserver reliability. Using this scheme, fundus photographs of 777 participants were graded in a population-based study of watermen from the eastern shore of Maryland. The prevalence of at least one druse within 1500 microns of the foveal center was extremely common (over 80% in each age group over 30 years of age) and not age related. The prevalence of large, confluent, or soft drusen was relatively uncommon and was age related; by the eighth decade, 26% of all participants had large or soft drusen, and 17% of them had confluent drusen. These latter characteristics are more likely to be markers of early changes consistent with age-related macular degeneration rather than simply the presence of a few drusen.
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Age is the strongest risk factor for age-related macular degeneration; all population-based studies confirm that the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration increases with age in white individuals.
“Age is the strongest risk factor for age-related macular degeneration; all population-based studies confirm that the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration increases with age in white individuals.3,22–27”
From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [26]
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Leske, M. C., Wu, S., Hennis, A. J. M., Nemesure, B. B., Yang, L., Hyman, L., & SCHACHAT, A. P. (2005) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.08.012 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
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Grossniklaus, H. E. (2000) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.118.5.625 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Grading of age-related maculopathy for epidemiological studies
van Leeuwen, R., Chakravarthy, U., Vingerling, J. R., Brussee, C., Hooghart, A. J., Mulder, P. G. H., & de Jong, P. T. V. M. (2003) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(03)00501-3 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bressler, N. M.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bressler, Neil M.
- ORCID
- Bressler, Neil M.
- Venue
- Archives of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1989-06-01
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 847
- ISSN
- 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081972722
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY-04547)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- age-related macular degeneration, drusen, prevalence, watermen, Chesapeake Bay, inter-rater reliability, fundus photography, soft drusen
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Atrophy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exudates and Transudates, Humans, Hyperplasia, Macular Degeneration, Male, Maryland, Middle Aged, Ophthalmoscopy, Photography, Pigment Epithelium of Eye, Population Surveillance, Retina, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Risk Factors
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